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VERSE: Dt21-13a
RASHIS COVERED: Ex13-10a Ex21-21a Dt17-11a Dt22-17a Ex22-02a
Dt25-09a Lv05-04a Lv16-21a Ex21-02a Lv13-39a
Lv23-40a Ex28-08a Ex28-31a Dt16-17a Dt16-10a Dt21-13a
Dt21-13a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


Part 4 of a 5 part series

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain MEANING the
same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi however
had a variety of vehicles for explaining meaning.

One important vehicle is the explanation of IDIOMS.
An IDIOM is a COLLECTION of words whose meaning is NEW
and different than the meaning of its component words.

EXAMPLES
--------
- ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
- FROM DAYS TO DAYS means YEARLY
- DAY DAY means 24 hour period
- THE SUN SHINES ON HIM means HIS POSITION IS CLEAR
- SPREAD THE GARMENT means PROVE THE  POINT

In todays list we seek NOUN-ADJECTIVE
idioms: For example A TIMED PERSON
refers to an APPOINTED PERSON (cf
the English idiom APPOINT APPOINTMENT)

VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
Lv16-21a TIMED person An APPOINTED person *8
Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE a slave AND Jewish *7
Lv13-39a DULL WHITE DULL WHITE
Lv23-40a GORGEOUS FRUIT Ethrog *10
COMMENTS


*7 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE
vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH

Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean
- OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS)
- PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH)
- ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED
with Garment)

Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO
IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11

*8 For the relationship between TIME and DESIGNATION
cf the English APPOINT-APPOINTMENT

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 (The following comes from my article PSHAT & DRASH
TRADITION Winter 1980)

We must distinguish between
- HOW we know what the idiom means
- WHY the idiom means this

HOW we know what the idiom means comes from USAGE
It can usually be inferred from context. Thus
the Biblical verses here state
when a person slanders his newly married
wife...then the womens parents shall sue
him and SPREAD THE GARMENT before the judges
-------------------------------------

Hence SPREAD the GARMENT is simply an idiom
for PROVING ONES POINT.

By contrast the question of WHY the idiom
means what it does is something more
speculative--maybe I am right that frequently
in sexual fights a SPREAD GARMENT proved a
point. But maybe I am wrong...in such a case
I am still sure about WHAT the idiom means.
I am just not sure about WHY it means this.

Another example occurs at Lv23-40a and Lv23-40b.
I am certain that the ETHROG was called the
GORGEOUS FRUIT but I am not quite sure why. Rashi
offers two explanations

EXPLANATION 1:
The ethrog is an EVERGREEN and DWELLS YEARLY
(This uses a pun on EVERGREEN=HADAR vs
HODOR=GORGEOUS)

EXPLANATION 2
-------------
The TREE and FRUIT taste the same; Hence
the tree is Gorgeous.

EXPLANATION 3
-------------
Rav Hirsch offers a 3rd explanation. Rav
Hirsch reviews botanical classifications and infers
that the Ethrog is one of the more advanced
fruits in the tree Kingdom.

I am still not sure WHY the phrase GORGEOUS
FRUIT means ETHROG but I am sure that this
phrase was used to denote the ETHROG


*11
Here is another example:
GARMENT OF CAPTIVITY does NOT mean
- the GARMENT she wore WHEN captured
(That is the GARMENT with the PROPERTY that
it was worn at the time of capture) but rather means

- the GARMENT she put on in case she is captured
(That is the garment ASSOCIATED with the
possibility of CAPTURE)

Rashi explains that non-jewish women would have
special garments they wore in case they were
captured during a war in order to seduce their
captors and prevent themselves from being murdered.
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