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(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
WORD MEANINGS: #5 of 5 A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY | ||||
VERSE | BIBLICAL PHRASE | TRANSLATION | NOTES | |
Gn18-11b | WAY OF WOMEN | Having Periods | *9 | |
Ex13-10a | FROM DAYS DAYS | YEARLY | *1 | |
Dt17-11a | LEFT AND RIGHT | A LITTLE BIT | *2 | |
Ex21-21a | DAY OR DAYS | 24 hours | ||
Dt22-17a | Spread the Garment | Prove your point | *3 *4 | |
Ex22-02a | If Sun shines on him | If it is Clear | *4 | |
Dt25-09a | Spit IN FACE | Spit TOWARDS HIM | *5 | |
Lv05-04a | Swear by lips | Verbally(Explicitly) | *6 | |
-------- | ----------------------- | --------------------- | --------- | |
Lv16-21a | TIMED person | An APPOINTED person | *8 | |
Ex21-02a | JEWISH SLAVE | a slave AND Jewish | *7 | |
Lv13-39a | DULL WHITE | DULL WHITE | ||
Lv23-40a | GORGEOUS FRUIT | Ethrog | *10 | |
-------- | ----------------------- | --------------------- | ---------- | |
Ex28-08a | Belt OF his AYPHOD | Belt USED with AYPHOD | *7 | |
Ex28-31a | the dress OF AYPHD | Aypohd USED with DRES | *7 | |
Dt16-17a | GIFT OF HIS HAND | INCOME LEVEL | *7 *4 | |
Dt16-10a | TAX OF DONATION OF HAND | INCOME LEVEL | *7 *4 | |
Dt21-13a | GARMENT OF CAPTIVITY | Worn in war to seduce | *7 | |
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*1 See LIST854e below for Biblical examples *2 See LIST854c below for further Biblical examples *3 Probably when people had a sexual fight (who did what) they could SPREAD THE GARMENT to clearly prove their point*10 *4 Many idioms in this list are examples of SYNECDOCHE, the use of the (distinguished) PART to indicate the WHOLE. Thus honey is a GOOD EXAMPLE of something sweet, bread is a GOOD EXAMPLE of food, day(12 hours) is a GOOD EXAMPLE of the 24 hour period. Hence almost all languages develop idioms: HONEY=SWEET, BREAD=FOOD, DAY(12 HOURS)=DAY(24 HOURS). Similarly in the above live SPEADING THE GARMENT is a GOOD example of PROVING MATTERS (In sexual disputes), the SUN SHINING is a good example of CLARITY, GIFT OF HIS HAND is a good example of a HIGH INCOME LEVEL. *5 Cf However Lv15-08a Spit ON Him = Actually spit on him The rule seems to be that SPIT ON HIM is literal whereas SPIT ON FACE (use of FACE vs FULL PERSON) means SPIT TOWARDS HIM *6 eg If I am angry and mentally curse or if I am angry and start ranting and raving without however fully articulating everything on my mind -- in these two cases I may have sworn IN MY MIND but I have not sworn WITH MY LIPS (Explicitly) *7 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean - OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS) - PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH) - ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED with Garment) Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11 *8 For the relationship between TIME and DESIGNATION cf the English APPOINT-APPOINTMENT *9 Cf Gn31-35 for the sister phrase PATH OF WOMEN which also refers to HAVING PERIODS | ||||
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*10 (The following comes from my article PSHAT & DRASH TRADITION Winter 1980) We must distinguish between - HOW we know what the idiom means - WHY the idiom means this HOW we know what the idiom means comes from USAGE It can usually be inferred from context. Thus the Biblical verses here state when a person slanders his newly married wife...then the womens parents shall sue him and SPREAD THE GARMENT before the judges ------------------------------------- Hence SPREAD the GARMENT is simply an idiom for PROVING ONES POINT. By contrast the question of WHY the idiom means what it does is something more speculative--maybe I am right that frequently in sexual fights a SPREAD GARMENT proved a point. But maybe I am wrong...in such a case I am still sure about WHAT the idiom means. I am just not sure about WHY it means this. Another example occurs at Lv23-40a and Lv23-40b. I am certain that the ETHROG was called the GORGEOUS FRUIT but I am not quite sure why. Rashi offers two explanations EXPLANATION 1: The ethrog is an EVERGREEN and DWELLS YEARLY (This uses a pun on EVERGREEN=HADAR vs HODOR=GORGEOUS) EXPLANATION 2 ------------- The TREE and FRUIT taste the same; Hence the tree is Gorgeous. EXPLANATION 3 ------------- Rav Hirsch offers a 3rd explanation. Rav Hirsch reviews botanical classifications and infers that the Ethrog is one of the more advanced fruits in the tree Kingdom. I am still not sure WHY the phrase GORGEOUS FRUIT means ETHROG but I am sure that this phrase was used to denote the ETHROG *11 Here is another example: GARMENT OF CAPTIVITY does NOT mean - the GARMENT she wore WHEN captured (That is the GARMENT with the PROPERTY that it was worn at the time of capture) but rather means - the GARMENT she put on in case she is captured (That is the garment ASSOCIATED with the possibility of CAPTURE) Rashi explains that non-jewish women would have special garments they wore in case they were captured during a war in order to seduce their captors and prevent themselves from being murdered. |