LIST106t (C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04
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List of Topics in Lv19 vs Ex20
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VERSE
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TEXT OF VERSES
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VERSE
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VERSE TEXT
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Lv19-09
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Leave over gleanings for poor
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Ex20-02
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Gods existence
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Lv19-10
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Leave over gleanings for Poor
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Ex20-03:06
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No idolatry
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Lv19-11
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No theft*1
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Ex20-13
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No theft*1
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Lv19-12
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No oaths (of denial)
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Ex20-07
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False oaths
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Lv19-13
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Dont withold wages
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Ex20-08:11
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Sabbath
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Lv19-14
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No obstacles before blind
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Ex20-12
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Honor parents
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Lv19-15
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No favoritism in justice
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Ex20-13
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No adultery
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Lv19-16
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Protect peoples lives
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Ex20-13
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No murder
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Ex20-14
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No coveting
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Lv19-17
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No hatred; do rebuke
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Lv19-18
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Love thy neighbor as thyself
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COMMENTS
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*1 Rashis exact language is as follows
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The NO THEFT prohibitgion in Lv19 occurs in a context
and paragraph of MONETARY LAWS while the NO THEFT in
Ex20 occurs in a context of CAPITAL CRIMES. Hence the
NO THEFT in Ex20 is interpreted (because of context)
to refer to KIDNAPPING (A capital crime of theft)
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To analyze this Rashi we follow the Kesef Mishneh and
Mishneh LeMelech commentary to Rambam Laws of Theft 1:1
It is pointed out that CAPITAL CRIMES do exist in
Lv19 (For example Lv19-16: Protect peoples lives;
similarly Lv19-12 prohibits OATHS which can have
capital implications).
On the other side, Ex20-12 only asks to HONOR PARENTS
While there IS a capital crime if you CURSE your parents
most violations of HONORING PARENTS dont carry a death
penalty.
Hence it would be shallow to interpret Rashi as claiming
that ALL of Lv19 is MONETARY and ALL of Ex20 is CAPITAL
The deep and mature way to analyze these two chapters is
as follows:
- The PREDOMINANT MOOD of Lv19 is monetary--most of the
laws: charity to poor, theft, witholding, rebuke, helping
peoples lives are monetary in nature.
- By contrast, the PREDOMINANT MOOD of Ex20 is CAPITAL --
most of the laws: idolatry, Sabbath, murder, adultery
have a capital COMPONENT (Some aspect which carries a
death penalty).
Hence the proper way to interpret the NO THEFT prohibitions
in these two chapters is as follows:
- NO THEFT in Lv19 refers ONLY to monetary theft
- NO THEFT in Ex20 refers to ALL TYPES OF THEFT--both
monetary and kidnapping.
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