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VERSE: Gn37-28a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn37-28a Gn37-28b Gn39-03a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 6 main goals is commenting on one verse by bringing material from an other verse. Sometimes two verses will seem to contradict each other. We call this the Rashi Rule of CONTRADICTION. Rashi had 4 methods of resolving contradiction. Sometimes Rashi will resolve a contradiction by looking at the two verses as two stages of one process. We call this the Rashi subrule of TWO-STAGES. Other times Rashi will resolve a contradiction by using broad vs literal interpretation of words. We call this the Rashi subrule of BROAD-LITERAL. EXAMPLE: Gn37-28a Gn37-28b -------------------------- The Biblical text states at Gn37-27:28, Gn37-36, and Gn39-01 ------------------------------------------------------------ Judah said: Why kill our brother. Rather let us sell him to the Arabs so we personally dont kill him and his brothers accepted this idea. A Midianite caravan passed: They lifted Joseph from the pit and sold him to the Arabs for 20 coins: And they brought Joseph to Egypt. And the Midianites sold him to Potifar in Egypt. And Joseph was brought to Egypt, and bought by Potifar from the Arabs. ------------------------------------------------------------ This is very confusing... - did the brothers sell him to Midianites or Arabs - did the Arabs or Midianites sell Joseph to Potifar Rashi comments ------------------------------------------------------ You have to understand the Biblical text as describing several stages of sale; Joseph was REPEATEDLY sold. ------------------------------------------------------ Based on Rashi I would read the Biblical text as describing 3 sales (not 2 as usually taken). In the text below we insert words in brackets that make the Rashi reading of the Biblical text smoother --------------------------------------------------- - A Midianite caravan passed: [BUT] - The [Brothers] lifted Joseph from the pit - and sold him to the Arabs for 20 coins: - And they [The Arabs] brought him [towards] Egypt - [But on the way the Arabs sold Joe to the Midianites] - And the Midianites sold him to Egypt - [To another band of Arabs] - [till he, Joseph, eventually ended up with Potifar] - Joseph was taken down to Egypt - Potifar bought him from the Arabs ---------------------------------------------------- So the Biblical text indicates 4 stages - initial sale to Arabs (Gn37-27:28) - Arab sale to Midianites (Gn37-28, Gn37-36) This is assumed to resolve Gn37-28, Gn37-36) - Midianite sale to other Arabs (Gn37-36,Gn39-01) This is assumed to resolve Gn37-36, Gn39-01 - Arab sale to Potifar (Gn39-01) At any rate, as one reads the various contradictions one can appreciate how Rashi tried to resolve them using the method of TWO-STAGES. LIST530a below presents other pairs of contradictory verses resolved by TWO-STAGES. | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: CONTRADICT | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #15 | |
SEE BELOW LIST530a | |
Verse pairs illustrating 2 stages t |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Verse pairs illustrating 2 stages to a process | |||
VERSE-1 | VERSE-2 | HOW THE TWO TEXTS ARE COMBINED | |
Gn37-36 | Gn39-01 | Joe sold 4 times:Arabs to Midian to Arab to Egypt*13 | |
Nu05-08 | Nu05-08d | Tithes/Terumah to GOD; GOD gives them to PRIEST | |
Ex14-27 | Ex14-30a | Egypt drowns IN sea; then thrown ON sea-shore | |
Ex15-01 | Ex15-04 | Egyptians THROWN UP;THEN SHOT down to sea | |
Ex16-13 | Nu11-09 | 1st Dew bed; then MANNA; THEN dew blanket | |
Nu08-24 | Nu04-03 | Levites LEARN Temple at 25;THEN serve at 30 | |
Nu16-32 | Nu26-11a | Korach sons 1st punished; then repented*1 | |
Nu26-54 | Nu26-55a | Children inherit units;Parents give equally*10 | |
Lv21-10 | Lv16-32c | Priesthood succession: Lineage 1st;Merit 2nd*2 | |
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*1 Nu16-32 and Nu16-33 together imply that KORACH AND ALL FOLLOWING HIM DIED ALIVE BY FIRE AND EARTHQUAKE This contradicts Nu26-11 that the sons of Korach did not die Note that Psalms 45-49 were written by the SONS OF KORACH showing that they repented *2 In other words if one of the high priests sons is qualified for the position he is chosen. If not a non-descendant (who is qualified) is taken. Lv16-32c presents this SON-MERIT rule for priests Dt17-20c generalizes this SON-MERIT rule for Kings. This interpretation of the text is further clarified by the ALIGNMENT method.*11 Some further technicalities are noted in note *12 | |||
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*10 Here is a simple numerical example Assume 3 people in Egypt - Bob - Dan and David Brothers Assume - Bob has 1 child - Dan has 1 child - David has 2 children So GENERATION1(GEN1) has 3 units (Bob,Dan David) And GEN2 has 4 units (1+1+2) We now have 3 stages STAGE 1 ------- Each GEN2 person gets same number of units (Say 2 units) So Bobs child --2 units -- Dans child --2 units -- Davids-------4 units to 2 children STAGE 2 ------- Now the units are coalesced at the family (GEN1) level - Bob has 2 units(Since he has one child with 2 units) - Dan-David has 6 units (Dans child 2 units and Davids 4) STAGE 3 ------- - Bob gives his 2 units back to his child - Dan-David give there 6 units equally to children so -- Dans child receives 3 units -- Davids 2 children receive 1.5 units each (Total of 3) Here is a time map -------------------------------------------------------------- EGYPT(GEN1) CHILDREN STAGE1 STAGE2 STAGE3 -------------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------ Bob 1 child 2/8 2/8 2/8 @child Dan-brother 1 child 2/8 6/8 brothers 3/8 @child David-brother 2 child 4/8 6/8 Brothers 3/8 @2 child --------------------------------------------------------------- Although this may seem complicated it fulfills the 2 verses - The actual exodus people from Egypt inherit - The descendants determine inheritance *11 We align Lv21-10 Lv16-32 as follows ----------------------------------------------------------------- The priest --------------- ...annointed ...trained replace father The priest who is advanced ...annointed ...trained -------------- *a *b *c *d *b ----------------------------------------------------------------- As the double #b clearly shows there are two criteria - priest is advanced (bigger than his brothers) - priest replaces father These conflicting criteria are resolved using the RabbiIshmael method of 2 STAGES - if the son is qualified pick him - if not pick a qualified non-descendant *12 Interestingly heridatary appointment is mentioned by - Slaves (Lv25-41) - Kings (Dt17-20) - Priests (Dt18-05) - Levites (1C23-13) The Bible EXPLICITLY advances a LINEAGE-MERIT duality for priests (As shown above by the alignment presented in footnote #11). We generalize this to Kings (Rashi Dt17-20c). We do not apply this to slaves since merit is not involved We also do not generalize this to Levites since the Bible explicitly states that they replace the first-born and hence merit is no longer relevant (A qualified 1st born could NOT function as a Levite because the Bible states explicitly that they were replaced (See eg Nu03-40:43) *13 There are 4 texts involved as follows ---------------------------------------- Gn37-27 states idea of sale to ARabs Gn37-28 states Midianites passed but Joe sold to Arabas Gn37-36 states Midianites sold Joe to Potifar Gn39-01 states Arabs sold Joe to Potifar ----------------------------------------- Rashi (Gn37-28a Gn38-28b) resolves these contradictions by assuming 4 stages of sale: - Brothers to Arabs (Gn37-27) - Arabs to Midianites (Hinted at in Gn37-28) - Midianites to ARabs (resolving Gn37-36, Gn39-01) - Arabs to Egypt (Gn39-01) |
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