Verse(s)
Dt05-12,Dt05-16b
discussing
the obligation to observe Sabbath and
honor parents
states
Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the Lord your God has commanded you.
...
Honor your father and your mother, as the Lord your God has commanded you; that your days may be prolonged, and that it may go well with you, in the land which the Lord your God gives you.
Rashi clarifies the underlined words
as the Lord your God has commanded you
by referencing verse(s)
Ex15-25,Ex16-28:30
discussing
the laws given in Marah and the Seen Desert,
which states
And he cried to the Lord; and the Lord showed him a tree, which when he threw into the waters, and made the waters sweet; there he set for them a statute and an ordinance, and there he tested them,
...
And the Lord said to Moses, How long refuse you to keep my commandments and my laws?
See, because the Lord has given you the sabbath, therefore he gives you on the sixth day the bread of two days; abide you every man in his place, let no man go out of his place on the seventh day.
So the people rested on the seventh day.
Hence the Rashi comment:
As can be seen from Nu33-08:15,
Marah and Seen Desert were pre-Sinai stops
on the Jewish journeys. It says explicitly
that the Jews were given the (a) Sabbath and
(b) a Statute and (c) Ordinance. We are not
told further details about this Statute and
Ordinance. However in the 10 commandments
in Deuteronomy the phrase as your God the Lord
commanded you is added by the commandments
to honor the Sabbath and to honor ones parents.
Hence we infer that the statute and ordinance
mentioned by Marah probably refers to the obligation
to honor ones parents.
Text of Target verse
Dt05-12,Dt05-16b
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Text of Reference Verse
Ex15-25,Ex16-28:30
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Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the Lord your God has commanded you.
...
Honor your father and your mother, as the Lord your God has commanded you; that your days may be prolonged, and that it may go well with you, in the land which the Lord your God gives you.
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And he cried to the Lord; and the Lord showed him a tree, which when he threw into the waters, and made the waters sweet; there he set for them a statute and an ordinance, and there he tested them,
...
And the Lord said to Moses, How long refuse you to keep my commandments and my laws?
See, because the Lord has given you the sabbath, therefore he gives you on the sixth day the bread of two days; abide you every man in his place, let no man go out of his place on the seventh day.
So the people rested on the seventh day.
|
Rashi comments:
As can be seen from Nu33-08:15,
Marah and Seen Desert were pre-Sinai stops
on the Jewish journeys. It says explicitly
that the Jews were given the (a) Sabbath and
(b) a Statute and (c) Ordinance. We are not
told further details about this Statute and Ordinance. However in the 10 commandments
in Deuteronomy the phrase as your God the Lord
commanded you is added by the commandments
to honor the Sabbath and to honor ones parents.
Hence we infer that the statute and ordinance
mentioned by Marah probably refers to the obligation
to honor ones parents.
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Advanced Rashi:
Rashi also mentions that the commandment of the
Red Heiffer was given in Marah. Unlike the Seen
Desert where it is explicitly mentioned that the
Sabbath was given, we are only told that a statute
and ordinance were given in Marah. We are not
told which statute and ordinance. Rashi therefore
notes that the phrases as God commanded you
or that God commanded Moses are mentioned by
the commandments to honor one's parents Dt05-16
and to observe the Red Heiffer ceremony Dt19-02.
Rashi therefore identifies the Statute and ordinance
as referring to honoring ones parents and the red heiffer.
True, there are other commandments where it says
as God commanded. For example the entire
building of the Tabernacle Ex35 - Ex40 mentions the phrase
as God commanded Moses 18 times. But in this
case we have the original verses where God commanded
Moses (Ex25 - Ex28).
So the proper statement is that there are only
three commandments were the phrase observe...
as God commanded you is mentioned without a
corresponding reference text where God actually commanded.
Hence Rashi assumes that these three commandments
- Sabbath, Honoring Parents, Red Heiffer - are the
Statute and ordinance taught in Marah and
Seen desert.
There are various manuscripts of Rashi; which
commandments are taught has driven alot of speculation.
The above analysis is not based on a particular Rashi
manuscript but rather based on universal principles
that Rashi always used. Hence, based on this analysis,
I would assume that those manuscripts which mention
Red Heiffer, Honoring Parents, and Sabbath are the
correct ones. Notice, here, how we use logic to justify
the manuscript rather than using the manuscript to justify
identification of the correct text.
We will revisit this example below
in rule #7, format
and rule #8, database below.
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