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      3. RASHI METHOD: GRAMMAR
      BRIEF EXPLANATION: Rashi explains verses using grammar principles, that is, rules which relate reproducable word form to word meaning. Grammatical rules neatly fall into 3 categories
      • (a) the rules governing conjugation of individual words,Biblical roots,
      • (b) the rules governing collections of words,clauses, sentences
      • (c) miscellaneous grammatical, or form-meaning, rules.
      This examples applies to Rashis Dt28-68b Dt28-68d
      URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rule1307.htm
      Brief Summary: You shall MARKET yourselves there to your enemies but there will be no buyers.

Most people are aware that Hebrew verbs come from three-letter roots. Each root is conjugated in the 8 dimensions of person, gender,plurality, tense, activity, modality, direct-object, and prepositional connective. For example the root Shin Mem Resh means to watch. The conjugations Shin-Mem-Resh-Tauv-Yud and Nun-Shin-Mem-Resh-Nun-Vav mean I watched and we were watched respectively.

The rules for Hebrew grammar are carefully described in many modern books and are well known. Rashi will sometimes comment when a verse is using a rare conjugation of an odd grammatical form.

When presenting grammatical Rashis my favorite reference is the appendix in volume 5 of the Ibn Shoshan dictionary. This very short appendix lists most conjugations.

Verse Dt28-68b discussing God's punishment of the Jewish people for violating his convenant by bringing them into foreign lands states And HaShem shall bring thee back into Egypt in ships, by the way whereof I said unto thee: 'Thou shalt see it no more again'; and there ye shall market yourselves unto your enemies for bondmen and for bondwoman, but there will be Rashi translates the Biblical word Vav-Hey-Tauv-Mem-Caph-Resh-Tauv-Mem as coming from the Biblical root Mem-Caph-Resh which means to market We have conveniently embedded the Rashi translation in the translation of the verse. The closet conjugation rule governing this Biblical word may be found by using table(s) 1 in the Ibn Shoshan dictionary for the Hitpael (interactive) mode.

    Very Advanced Rashi: Technically the root Mem-Caph-Resh means
    • to sell in the active mode [Qal]
    • to be sold in the passive mode [Nifal]
    • to market in the interactive mode [Hitpael]
    The translation market reflects the nuances of sale and interaction. 


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no buyers