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    1. RASHI METHOD: REFERENCES
    BRIEF EXPLANATION: Commentary on a verse is provided thru a cross-reference to another verse. The cross references can either provide
    • (1a) further details,
    • (1b) confirm citations, or
    • (1c) clarify word meaning.
    This examples applies to Rashis Ex08-28a
    URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/w33n7.htm Brief Summary: Ex08-28a, Pharoh also hardened his heart this time, REFERENCES,Ex08-24 where he promised Jews freedom.

Verse Ex08-28a discussing that Pharoh hardened his heart states And Pharaoh also hardened his heart this time, neither would he let the people go. Rashi clarifies the underlined words also hardened his heart this time by referencing verse Ex08-24 which states And Pharaoh said, I will let you go, that you may sacrifice to the Lord your God in the wilderness; only you shall not go very far away; entreat for me. Hence the Rashi comment: Even though Pharoh promised to let them go (Ex08-24) he did not fulfill his promise (EX08-28)

Text of Target verse Ex18-28 Text of Reference Verse Ex08-24
And Pharaoh also hardened his heart this time, neither would he let the people go. And Pharaoh said, I will let you go, that you may sacrifice to the Lord your God in the wilderness; only you shall not go very far away; entreat for me.
Rashi comments: Even though Pharoh promised to let them go (Ex08-24) he did not fulfill his promise (EX08-28)

Advanced Rashi: Rashi's point can be made clearer if we note that at both the second and fourth plague we find both a) a promise by Pharoh to let the Jews go Ex08-04,Ex08-24 coupled with b) a refusal Ex08-11,Ex08-28. By contrast at the 1st,3rd, and 6th plague we find no such promise (We only find a verse stating Pharoh's heart was hardened).

So the word also in Ex08-28 And Pharaoh also hardened his heart this time refers to a similarity of relationship between the 4th and 2nd plague where there was both a prior promise of freedom and reneging on that promise.

The word also is a special connective word which can be used to indicate similar relationships.


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