A beautiful rule of grammar discovered by the great
Malbim is that there are two words for it in Hebrew
- Aleph Tauv Vav (Otho) means only it and
connotes limitation
- A terminal suffix vav means it
The examples below illustrate usage and connotation of Aleph Tauv Vav
- Verse Lv01-06b states
And he shall flay the burnt-offering, and cut only it into its pieces.
Rashi:
The priest only cuts the offering but does not cut the cuts
since the verse explicitly says cut only it
- Verse Lv02-06a states
Thou shalt break only it in pieces, and pour oil thereon; it is a meal-offering.
Rashi:
The priest only breakes the matzoh offering but does not further
break the broken pieces again since the verse explicitly says
break only it
- Verse Lv20-05b discussing the punishment of a person who
worshipped idols states
then I will set My face against that man, and against his family, and
will cut only him off, and all that go astray after him, to go astray after Molech, from among their people.
Rashi:
Although God places His Face against the person and his family nevertheless
God only cuts him off, but not his family, since the verse
explicitly says I will only cut him off.
We can slightly generalize the Malbim's principle as follows:
Any extra pronoun, or, full-word pronoun, when a suffix suffices,
indicates emphasis and can be translated using the word only.
We can apply this principle to verse Lv06-02:
Command Aaron and his sons, saying: This is the Torah of the up-offering:
It is the up-offering which goes up on its firewood upon the altar all night unto the morning; and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning thereby.
Any good high school student will recognize the underlined pronoun it as
unnecessary (You just stated the noun why introduce a pronoun immediately after it).
The verse reads quite smoothly, perhaps smoother, without the word it:
Command Aaron and his sons, saying: This is the Torah of the up-offering,
which goes up on its firewood upon the altar all night unto the morning; and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning thereby.
Applying our principle that unnecessary pronouns should be translated with
the word only we would translate Lv06-02 as follows:
Command Aaron and his sons, saying: This is the Torah of the up-offering:
Only It is the up-offering which goes up on its firewood upon the altar all night unto the morning; and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning thereby.
In our article Biblical
Formatting located on the world wide web at
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/biblicalformatting.pdf,
we have explained that such verses should be seen as indicating unspecified
emphasis. That is, the word only certainly creates emphasis. But we don't know
what is being emphasized, that is, the emphasis is non-specific. Note that
while the interpretation of the verse as indicating unspecified
emphasis is the simple intended meaning of the verse, the application of this
unspecified emphasis to something particular is exegetical and must be derived. The Talmudic
Rabbis traditionally interpret an unspecified emphasis as the worst case. Hence the Rashi
comment: If bestiality has been committed with the animal then even if it was inadvertently
placed on the altar it must be taken down since only it -
that is, only a proper up offering may be offered on the altar. Here Rashi
interprets only it to refer back to the up offerings which have been done
according to all requirements in the text.
Advanced Rashi: There is a big literature on whether Rashi indicates
the simple meaning of the text, intrinsic to it, or whether the Rashi comments are ways of
pegging oral laws on to the text. Our position is that very often Rashi comments are
reasonable interpretations of unpsecified emphasis. The unspecified emphasis is real
and intrinsic to the text but its application to specific contexts is not in the text
but a reasonable approach to the unspecified emphasis.
Thus here the Bible is talking about an up offering. The Bible then says only
this up offering is offered on the altar fire all night. The Talmudic Rabbis interpret
the unspecified emphasis of the underlined word only as referring to only up
offerings done according to proper procedure. The Rabbis then delimit only the worst
possible case where the animal committed bestiality. Such an animal cannot go up on the
altar nor remain there if it inadvertently already went up.
I believe the above approach to Rashi, interpretation of unspecified emphasis,
makes Rashis very palatable.
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