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    2. RASHI METHOD: WORD MEANING
    BRIEF EXPLANATION: The meaning of words can be explained either by
    • (2a) translating an idiom, a group of words whose collective meaning transcends the meaning of its individual component words,
    • (2b) explaining the nuances and commonality of synonyms-homographs,
    • (2c) describing the usages of connective words like also,because,if-then, when,
    • (2d) indicating how grammatical conjugation can change word meaning
    • (2e) changing word meaning using the figures of speech common to all languages such as irony and oxymorons.
    This examples applies to Rashis Nu03-07a
    URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/nu03-07a.htm
    Brief Summary: SMR = Shin Mem Resh means PROFESSIONALISM: a) Training and b) Standards

    Today we explore the hononym method. The hononym method seeks to find a unifying theme to the diverse meanings of a single root. The Hebrew root studied today is Shin Mem Resh, Shamar. We claim the unified meaning is
      Professionalism which can mean either
    • (Professional) Training
    • (Professional) Standards
    We literally bring close to a dozen Rashis below: In half the verses we translate Shamar as meaning training while in the other half of the verses we translate Shamar as meaning standards.

    In the following verses Rashi translates Shamar as meaning learning or professional training:
    • And ye shall learn My commandments, and do them: I am HaShem.
    • Learn therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples, that, when they hear all these statutes, shall say: 'Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.'
    • For if ye shall diligently learn all this commandment which I command you, to do it, to love HaShem your G-d, to walk in all His ways, and to cleave unto Him,
    • learn and hear all these words which I command thee, that it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee for ever, when thou doest that which is good and right in the eyes of HaShem thy G-d.
    In the following verses Rashi translates Shamar as creating Rabbinical fences or creating professional standards.
    • because that Abraham hearkened to My voice, and kept My standards, My commandments, My statutes, and My laws.'
    • Therefore shall ye keep My standards, that ye do not any of these abominable customs, which were done before you, and that ye defile not yourselves therein: I am HaShem your G-d.
    • If ye walk in My statutes, and standardize My commandments, and do them;
    • And ye shall standardize the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt; therefore shall ye observe this day throughout your generations by an ordinance for ever.
    • They shall therefore standardize My charge, lest they bear sin for it, and die therein, if they profane it: I am HaShem who sanctify them.

In verse Nu03-07a Rashi explicitly combines both meanings: Here Shamar means Professional appointment and refers both to the standards of Temple service as well as to leaerning the Temple service: And they [the Levites] shall learn the standards of his professional appointment, and the standards of the whole congregation before the tent of meeting, to do the service of the tabernacle.


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