Everyone is familiar
with the rules of root conjugation presented
by Hebrew grammar.
For example the root Shin-Mem-Resh
means to watch. But
- Shin-Mem-Resh-Tauv-Yud means I had watched, while
- Yud-Shin-Mem-Resh means He will watch.
Here the conjugation rules determine tense (future-past)
and person (I vs he).
Today Rashi presents a non-standard conjugation rule--a Biblical
root can change meaning based on the object used with
the verb. For example, the root
Gimel-Nun-Beth means to steal:
- When used with an inanimate object Gimel-Nun-Beth means
to steal as in
Gn31-19 which states
And Laban went to shear his sheep;
and Rachel stole her father’s idols
- When used with the object, heart (to steal someone's
heart) Gimel-Nun-Beth means to deceive as in
Gn31-20 which states
And Jacob deceived Laban the Aramean, in that he did not tell him that he fled.
- When used with a person object (e.g. stole so and so)
Gimel-Nun-Beth can mean either to deceive or
to kidnap as in
- Gn31-27 which states
Why did you flee away steathily, and deceive me; and did not tell me, that I might have sent you away with mirth, and with songs, with tambourine, and with harp?
- Ex21-16 which states
And he who kidnaps a man, and sells him, or if he is found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.
Sermonic Points:
We all know that Laban was a cruel person; he
withheld Jacob's wife from him on his wedding night
and continuously changed his wages. But God doesn't
punish him while in pursuit of Jacob; rather God simply
warns him not to threaten or do favors to Jacob. Why?
Jacob had one minor sin; he had a right to flee Laban
but shouldn't have deceived him. Laban had a right to know
why Jacob was leaving. Paradoxically God protected this
right of Laban by not punishing him and allowing him
to overtake Jacob. We see here the importance of the
ethical norm of non-deceipt.
We also see an irony here! 20 years earlier Laban
deceived Jacob by switching wives on him on his wedding
night. Now twenty years later Laban yells at Jacob why did
you deceive me not realizing that Jacob's behavior
is a mirror image of his own behavior.