A modern author who wishes to indicate special
emphasis to each item in a list uses bullets
to indicate this emphasis. By bulleting the
reader is asked to dwell for a moment on each list item
and listen to its nuances. In my article Biblical
Formatting to appear in the Jewish Bible
Quarterly I have explained that when the
Biblical Author wishes to indicate special emphasis
on each member of a list, repeated keywords
are used. The repeated keywords should be
interpreted as the equivalent of a bulleted format.
The following example illustrates this. The Rashi comments
illustrating each bulleted point are combined with the text.
Gn32-22:25, discussing the journey of
Jacob over the river states as follows
- So the present passed over before him; and he himself lodged that night in the camp.
- And he rose that night, and took his two wives, and his two women servants, and his eleven sons, and passed over the ford Jabbok.
- And he took them, and passed them over the brook,[ The people, wives, and children.]
- and passed over that which he had., [Rashi: His possessions]
- And Jacob was stayed behind alone; ...[Rashi: To check for left behind items.]
We see here how the bullet method words. The common
denominator of all the verses is items transferred over the Jordan.
Rashi then supplements the explicitly identified items with reasonable
complements as follows:
- The present went first (explicitly stated)
- The people went second, wives, and children (explicitly stated)
- The possessions went third (not explicitly stated but a reasonable inference)
- Finally Jacob left behind presumably to check for leftover items
(not explicitly stated but a reasonable inference)
Advanced Rashi: We think the above example an
excellent illustration of the format method. The illustration
shows the delicate blend between explicitly stated and inferred
items. It also shows the non-deterministic nature of the exegesis.
Sermonic Points: Notice that Rashi interprets
Jacob stayed behind alone
as referring to Jacob checking on leftovers. Rashi points out:
Monetary exactness and honesty is very important to righteous people.