#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
  -----------------------------------------------------------
  |      Rashi is Simple Version 2.0                         |
  |      (C) Dr Hendel, Summer 2000                          |
  |       http://www.RashiYomi.Com                           |
  | PERMISSION to reprint WITH this header if NOT for profit |
  ------------------------------------------------------------


VERSE: Dt07-19a



RASHIS COVERED: Ex07-09a Nu20-20a Dt04-34b Dt04-34c Dt04-34d
                Dt04-34e Dt13-02a Dt13-02b Dt13-02c Dt13-02d
                Dt07-19a Dt07-19b Dt07-19c Dt07-19d Dt07-19e
                Dt34-12a Dt34-12b



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
---------------
To Gilbert Issard for his question of last
year (Aug 23,1999) (Gilbert suggested that "Strong hand"
(Dt34-12b) refers, as Rashi says, to Moses Greatness, not Gods,
and hence refers to the prophecies of Moses and the 2 tablets.
The text of Gilberts question may be found at
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h3n1.htm

Further acknowledgement to Harry Rashbaum of my Shomray Emunah
Rashi class who insists I should clearly explain why I sometimes
deviate from Rashis language.  The 17 Rashis above are a peach
of an example---showing much complementary language; Rashi almost
forces us to interpolate his language.



CROSS REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.com/dt04-34b.htm



RULE:
----
God is frequently described as"great with SIGNS & WONDERS"
In 4 verses, however, between 3 to 7 attributes are used: SIGN,
WONDER, TEST, STRONG HAND, WAR, OUTSTRETCHED HAND, AWE
(eg Dt04-34, Dt07-19, Dt29-02, Dt34-11:12 *8).

These 7 terms frequently interchange. That is any one of them
can be used to indicate Gods greatness. However sometimes they
occur with specific meanings which can be inferred using CROSS
REFERENCING with other verses. Details are presented below with
copious lists presented in the footnotes.

To make the exposition as clear as possible we divide it into
3 parts:
---we present the meaning of the 7 terms with simple proofs
---footnotes present further verses supporting these meanings
---Footnotes 8.1 thru 8.7 presents Rashis explanations and
   corresponds to the lists we presented in examples 1-7
   and footnotes 1 thru 7.



EXAMPLES
--------
-----------------------------------------------------------------
(1,2,3) The Bible uses the language "God appears with "TESTS,
       SIGNS and WONDERS" when God proves the prophetic status of
       a person. These 3 terms, TEST, SIGN, WONDER frequently
       interchange but their specific nuances are
-----------------------------------------------------------------
(1) TESTS--When the person ASKS for the sign(eg Isa7-11:12)*1

(2) SIGNS(*2)-When God or the prophet GIVES the sign and the sign
   does NOT SHOW power (eg Turning Moses hand to leprosy)(Ex04-08

(3) WONDERS--When God or the prophet GIVES the sign and the sign
  does SHOW power (eg the 10 plagues were a WONDER --Ex11-09)(*3)






-----------------------------------------------------------------
(4) STRONG HAND-STRONG HAND refers to PSCHO-EMOTIONAL miracles
-----------------------------------------------------------------
(4) The Bible uses the language "God appeared with a
    STRONG HAND" when God performs a psycho-emotional miracle
    such as giving someone prophecy or hardening their heart
    (Cf 1King18-46 "The HAND OF GOD(=prophecy) was on Elijah)*4






----------------------------------------------------------------
(5,6,7)--The Bible uses the language that God appears with
       "AN OUTSTRETCHED ARM", or "WAR", or "with GREAT AWE"
       only in very special circumstances
----------------------------------------------------------------

(5) OUTSTRETCHED ARM--Apparently this is only used once when God
     drowned the Egyptians in the Reed Sea(Ex15-16)*5

(6) MILITARALY (WAR)--Used when God conquers/destroys a nation.
    It apparently only occurs twice: By Egypt(Ex15-03,Ex14-25) &
    Amalek(Ex17-06)*6

(7) GREAT AWE--Apparently this is used to decribe the miracle
   of God escorting a million people thru the wilderness(Dt08-15)
   In other words it shows Gods capacity to overcome the awesome
   destructive forces of nature*7





NOTES:
-----
*0 One of these verses uses all 7 words. Other verses use
   between 3 and 5 of these words. It is an interesting question
   as to why these specific words are used in these particular
   verses. But this would take us to far afield and will not
   be dealt with here.



*1 Note that we prove this by GRAMMAR not USAGE. The grammatical
   root of MSAH is NSH which means to TEST somebody. We in fact
   have the explicit Biblical verse Isa07-12 "I will not TEST
   God" stated by Achaz when Isiah offered him "Ask for a sign
   and God will give you (Isa07-11)". Rashi points out that
   Moses made a similar offer to Pharoh "Ask when the plague
   should stop and God will stop it then (Ex08-05)"

*2 Some more examples of SIGN are

   {LIST1} {SIGN refers to something without power)

   VERSE    SIGN         WHAT IT INDICATES          Uses Power?
   -----    ----         ------------------         -----------
   Gn09-12  Rainbow      Peace                      No
   Gn04-15  Mark on head People shouldn't kill him  No
   Gn01-14  Stars,Moon   Seasons & Holidays         No
   Ex04-08  Rod          Became a snake             No
   Ex04-09  Water        Became blood               No


*3 WONDER is the hardest term to defend. It frequently occurs
   in conjunction with SIGN, "SIGNS AND WONDERS" as in
   Ex07-03, Dt06-22, Dt13-02, Dt28-46, Dt26-08, and indeed
   the words SIGN and WONDER seem to refer to the same thing

   The word WONDER (vs the word SIGN) seems to refer to proofs
   of prophecy that involve POWER. The most blatant example is
   the 10 plagues (Ex04-21, Ex11-09:10).

   The word WONDER also seems to be used on a SIGN that HAS
   SOME power...for example the turning of a rod into a snake
   is a SIGN since it does not involve power(Ex04-08).By contrast
   when Moses made his stick become a snake it ALSO ate the
   snakes of the Egyptian witches and hence it involved power--
   therefore in Ex07-09 it is called a WONDER, not a sign.In
   a similar manner the destruction of the altar symbolized
   the destruction of heathen priests and hence is called a
   WONDER (1R13-03). Similarly, Isa20-03, Isiah walking naked
   and barefoot 3 years is called a WONDER not a SIGN since
   presumably people ridiculed him and threw stones at him
   requiring Gods protecting him, a sign of power.

   In summary WONDER means more or less the same thing as SIGN
   But it seems to refer to SIGNS with power




*4 Gods "hand" is frequently used to describe prophecy throughout
the Book of Ezekiel (eg Ez2-9). However "Gods hand" can also be
used to describe punishment as in Ruth1-13 and 1Sam7-13.


*5 ARM seems to refer to armies that are multi-flanked
Compare Ez30-24:25 As already commented it occurs rarely
and its meaning is not that clear.



*6 The term that God is " a Man of War" or "engages in war" is
   used in Ex15-03, Ex14-25, Ex17-06


*7 AWE seems to be always connected to surviving great natural
   disasters like the WILDERNESS.See Dt08-15,Dt10-21:22,&Isa21-01



*8 We now present the 17 Rashis grouped by each of the 7 terms
   eg Footnote 8.6 refers back to EXAMPLE (6) and Footnote (6)

*8.6 WAR:Dt04-34e Rashi gives the Example Ex14-25 of God
     declaring WAR on Egypt.

      We have augmented this example to
     include Gods war on Amalek. (See footnote *6)


*8.5 Dt07-19e OUTSTRETCHED HAND. Rashi says this refers to the
     10th plague.

     Our analysis does not differ---"the term
     OUTSTRETCHED HAND only occurs by Egypt." (Footnote *5)

*8.7 AWE Dt34-12b Rashi explicitly says that AWE refers to
     "The Tests and Strength in the AWESOME WILDERNESS"--
     (See footnote *7 )

     (We augment Rashi with the Wilderness in Isaiah21-01)



*8.1 TESTS: On Dt04-34b Rashi identifies TESTS with signs of
     offers to test God "such as Ex08-05 where Moses asked
     Pharoh for a time when the plague would stop"
     On Dt07-19a Rashi simply identifies TESTS with TESTS

     Notice how one Rashi gives an example whereas the 2nd
     Rashi just gives a meaning. We have augmented this
     Rashi with an emphasis on the grammatical root.

*8.2 SIGN: On Dt04-34c Rashi explicitly says SIGN is a SIGN
           Then on Dt07-19b rashi gives the example a snake
           turning into a rod (Ex04-02). On Dt13-02a Rashi
           Brings the example of "Let there be dew on the
           wool but not on the ground"(Jud6-39).

           We have augmented this Rashi with the following
           signs: Rainbow for peace, Kains forehead for
           a warning, the moon and stars for seasons and
           holidays. (See Footnote *2). We would take
           Rashis statement on Dt13-02a and Dt13-02c that
           "Sign refers to something from heaven" to mean
           "SIGN is LIKE something from heaven"--the proof
           being that the sign on Kayins head was not from
           heaven.

           Thus this list of 4 Rashis nicely illustrates how
           our lists interact with the various Rashis to
           clarify true meaning.

*8.4 STRONG HAND: We have already brought verses showing
     that strong hand EITHER means punishment or prophecy

     Accordingly we read Dt07-19d "STRONG HAND=Gods SPEECH"
     Similarly we take Dt34-12a "STRONG HAND=MOSES RECEIVING
     THE TABLETS OF THE LAW WITH HIS HAND" to refer to
     Mosaic prophecy (Thus answering in the affirmative
     Gilbert Issards question). Finally we interpret Nu20-20a
    as 'STRONG HAND means the prophetic "Promise to our elder by
    the patriarch Isaac that 'Esauv will have strong hands'"

     Notice that there has been some interpretation in all 3
     cases. It is possible to read Dt07-19d to refer to
     DVR, the 5th plague. It is possible to read Dt34-12a
     as being a pun on "strong HAND" vs "Moses received
     the tablets with his HANDS". Finally it is possible to
     interpret Nu20-20a as a pun "STRONG HAND" vs the "HANDS
     OF ESAUV".

     The way we have taken it STRONG HAND=PROPHECY is deep
     and unifying and avoids puns. Furthermore it contrasts
     STRONG HAND as having a distinct meaning from WAR and
     OUTSTRETCHED HAND.


*8.3 WONDER: On Dt04-34d and Dt07-19c Rashi says that WONDER
     refers to the 10 plagues. But on Ex07-09a Rashi says
     that WONDER means SIGN. Even more surprising is that
     on Dt13-02b and Dt13-02d Rashi identifies WONDER with
     miracles on EARTH (the reference to "Frost on earth"
     in Gidons miracle seems to be an interpolation by a
     printer which is why it is in parenthesis).

     Recall (footnote *3) that we have taken wonder to mean
     MORE THAN A SIGN---wonder is a "sign with power". This
     **could** be consistent with Rashi: The concept of
     sign with power certainly refers to the 10 plagues.
     We would interpret Ex07-09a "WONDER is LIKE A SIGN"
     because it proves a person a prophet. We would interpret
     Dt13-02b "WONDER refers to EARTH" to mean that  WONDER
     refers to SIGNS against COUNTRIES (Since the
     word EARTH, ERETZ can also mean a COUNTRY).Such an
     interpretation would be consistent with the reference
     to the 10 plagues against the COUNTRY Egypt. We further
     would reject a literal interpretation "earth" because
     of Kains SIGN on his forehead.

     As already commented our interpretation of WONDER seems
     weakest. Perhaps someone out there has a better explanation
---------------------------------------------------
WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
However they frequently contain additional information & lists
The hyperlinks only work on the main website

Volume 7 Number 7


#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
Volume 7 Number 7