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  |      Rashi is Simple Version 2.0                         |
  |      (C) Dr Hendel, Summer 2000                          |
  |       http://www.RashiYomi.Com                           |
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VERSE: Ex05-23a


RASHIS COVERED: Ex05-23a Ex05-14c Ex03-02c


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
===============
The lists in this posting come from the recently published
Grammatical Form Konkordance published by Moshe Silberman.



RULE
====
Hebrew verbs, denoting activity, are conjugated from 3 letter
roots. Each 3 letter root is conjugated according to 8
dimensions of activity:
--WHO did the the activity (me, you, him)
--HOW MANY did the activity (me,us)
--WHEN the activity took place(now, past, future)
--Did I DO IT/RECEIVE IT (passive/active)
--Am I MALE/FEMALE (Gender)
--TENSE( Active, Intense, Interactive, Causative..)
--TO WHOM was the activity done (to you, to him, )
--Relation of ACTIVITY to RECIPIENT (ON HIM, TO HIM, etc)

SIMPLE EXAMPLE
==============
>Sh-Ma-R< means to >WATCH<. >Sh-MaR-Ti-Chah< means >I HAD
WATCHED YOU<


COMMENT:
=======
One of the triumphs of the middle ages is the complete
understanding of the laws of Hebrew conjugation. These laws are
taught in introductory Hebrew courses and can be obtained from
many standard books.My favorite book is the IBN SHOSHAN
DICTIONARY--which has a good brief 20 page summary at its end.

However when a 3 letter root has WEAK letters then the rules
of conjugation change. These WEAK LETTER conjugations may also
be found in many standard books. When there are 2 weak letters
there are in fact still further conjugations. We bring
below examples of either DOUBLY WEAK LETTER roots or else
of VERY RARE GRAMMATICAL FORMS.





EXAMPLES
========


EXAMPLE 1
---------
The root >R-A< means >BAD< so that Ex05-23a means
>TO TREAT BADLY< (Causative).

Rashi on Ex05-23a indicates the conjugation of the doubly
weak 3 letter root: >Resh-Ayin-Ayin<. This root
---has the 2nd and 3rd letter identical
---has a guttural letter in the 2nd and 3rd letter

Here is the LIST

{LIST}
Moshe Silbermans Grammatical Form Konkordance gives the
following list for the PAST SINGULAR CAUSATIVE 3rd PERSON
CONJUGATION in 1-X-X roots. See Rashi on Ex05-23a
=========================================================
ROOT    VERSE     CONJUGATION
====    =====     ===========
D-K-K   2K23-15   Hay-Da-K
M-R-R   Job27-02  Hay-Ma-R
P-R-R   Gn17-14   Hay-Fa-R
K-L-L   Is08-23   Hay-Ka-L
R-C-C   Job23-16  Hay-Ra-Ch
R-A-A   Ex05-23   Hay-Ra-A
S-X-X   Is25-12   Hay-Sh-Ch
T-Z-Z   Is18-05   Hay-Ta-Z
{END OF LIST}






EXAMPLE 2
---------
Ex05-14c contains a DOUBLY WEAK root in a rare MODE.
The root >N-C-H< means to >HIT<. Hence Ex05-14c means
>THEY WERE HIT< (Passive Causative)

{LIST}
Moshe Silbermans Grammatical Form Konkordance gives the
following list for the CAUSATIVE PASSIVE PLURAL PAST
3rd PERSON See Rashi on Ex05-14c.

There are only 3 examples in the whole Bible, of ANY
root in this type of conjugation! No wonder Rashi
felt obligated to explain the grammar on this particular
verse
=========================================================
ROOT    VERSE     CONJUGATION
====    =====     ===========
N-C-H   Ex05-14   Vay-YooC-Coo
N-C-H   Is01-05   TooC-Coo
N-C-H   1Sam5-12  HooC-Coo
{END OF LIST}





EXAMPLE 3
---------
>A-C-LEAT<. Hence in the
INTENSE-PASSIVE mode it means >TO BE DESTROYED<
(Notice how in English also, >TO EAT< can mean
>TO DESTROY<)

In our last example there are no weak letters in
the root. However the tense, INTENSE-PASSIVE, is
very rare.


{LIST}
Moshe Silbermans Grammatical Form Konkordance gives the
following list for the INTENSE PASSIVE SINGULAR PAST
3rd PERSON See Rashi on Ex03-02c. Although this root
has no weak letters nevertheless the INTENSE PASSIVE
tense is very rare which is WHY Rashi commented on this
root
=========================================================
ROOT    VERSE     CONJUGATION
====    =====     ===========
A-C-L   Ex03-02   OOCh-ChaL*1
G-L-Ch  Ju16-22   GooL-La-Ch
X-B-R   Ex39-04   XooB-Ba-R
L-M-D   Jr31-17   LooM-Ma-D
L-K-X   Is53-08   LooK-Ka-X*2

NOTES
=====
*1 Moshe explicitly encourages us to read Rashi who
   says that the meaning of A-C-L is >Be destroyed<
   because it is in the PASSIVE-INTENSE mode (In
   the NON-INTENSE-ACTIVE mode the root means >EAT<
   In English also the word >EAT< can mean >DESTROY<)

*2 Moshe Silberman points out there are 9 roots in
   all of the Bible that are conjugated this way
   By contrast many ACTIVE-NON-INTENSE conjugations
   have dozens of examples. It is this rarity that
   prompted Rashi to comment
{END OF LIST}


RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMAR
---------------------------------------------------
WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
However they frequently contain additional information & lists
The hyperlinks only work on the main website

Volume 8 Number 25


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