#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2006, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
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  |      Rashi is Simple Version 2.0                         |
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VERSE: Ex11-08b

RASHIS COVERED: Ex12-11a Ex12-13c Ex12-23a Ex14-31a Ex12-23b
                Ex10-15a Ex02-16b Ex03-16a Ex11-08b

============================ Ex11-08b ===========================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is to give the meaning of
words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We
call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING.

All languages allow words to acquire
NEW MEANINGS. Rashi frequently used a
universal principle of all languages---METONOMY.
METONOMY refers to the capacity to name an item
by a related item (such as naming a PEOPLE, Americans,
by the LAND they live in, America)

Some standard METONOMYS name words by their
- FORM (e.g. the PENTAGON)
- FUNCTION (e.g. the UNITED NATIONS)
- FEEL (e.g. HARDship)
- SUBSTANCE (e.g. a GLASS, or GLASSES)
We call this the FFF (Form Function Feel) principle.

The examples below illustrate these techniques.
Throughout these example I cite similar IDIOMS
in English. Exploration of English Dictionaries
and Theosaurii may be found at
http://www.dictionary.com/. Some of the examples
of English usage presented below come from this
excellent website.

To illustrate how to use this web reference:
If I say TO GIVE can mean TO ALLOW then you
- type the word GIVE
- in the SEARCH BOX
- of the above DICTIONARY website
- and click the THEOSAURUS
- and click SEARCH.
Among the SYNONYMS for GIVE presented by the
THEASAURUS is TO ALLOW. Hence Rashi's comment
that TO GIVE means to ALLOW is identical with
English idiomatic usage. This idiomatic sharing
between the two languages enhances the meaningfulness
of Rashi.

EXAMPLE 1: Ex11-08b WALKERS=FOLLOWers
-----------------------------------------
In Hebrew as in English FOLLOWers are named
by a typical GOOD EXAMPLE (SYNECHDOCHE!) of
following: Namely PHYSICALLY walking and following
the leader. In ENGLISH we call the people FOLLOWERS
while in Hebrew we call the people WALKERS. In
each case the GENERAL idea of FOLLOWING ADVICE and
GUIDANCE is **EXEMPLIFIED** by physically FOLLOWING
or WALKING after a LEADER.

EXAMPLE 2: Ex12-11a BELTED=prepared/Energetically
--------------------------------------------------
Rashi explains that
--------------------------------------
TO BELT means to PREPARE for the road
--------------------------------------

Clearly a GOOD EXAMPLE (SYNECHDOCHE!) of
preparing for a trek is to put on your
hiking belt. Similarly a GOOD EXAMPLE of
preparation in war is to GIRD your utility
belt.

In English we have similar IDIOMS.
- To GIRD means to PREPARE
- To BELT a SONG means to SING IT ENERGETICALLY

EXAMPLES 3,4: Ex12-13c Ex12-23a To SKIP=To OMIT
-----------------------------------------------
In Hebrew as in Enlish To SKIP something
can mean to OMIT it. Here SKIPPING is a GOOD
EXAMPLE (SYNECHDOCHE!) of AVOIDANCE and OMISSION.

Hence the Rashi on Ex12-13c which describes how
---------------------------------------------
God will punish the Egyptian firstborn but SKIP
over the Jewish firstborn
---------------------------------------------

Rashi comments
-----------------------
To SKIP means to JUDGE
------------------------

We would interpret Rashi as follows
---------------------------------------------
A Judge who SKIPS someone has OMITTED punishment
and forgiven him of judgement
---------------------------------------------

Although Rashi connects SKIP with FORGIVE
we think the primary driving force of Rashi is
that SKIP means TO OMIT and hence OMISSION IN JUDGEMENT
is FORGIVENESS Such an approach to Rashi is intuitive
and consistent with IDIOMS in other languages.

Here we have used the technique of MEDIATING VARIABLES
to resolve the problematic Rashi which connects
SKIP with FORGIVE. We have suggested the more plausible
alternative that
- SKIP connects with OMIT and
- OMISSION in a context of Judgement
  connects with FORGIVENESS


EXAMPLE 5: Ex14-31a
--------------------
Rashi explains that the phrase GREAT HAND is an
IDIOM meaning GREAT MIGHT. I would go a step further--
citing Rav Hirsch on Psalms 8 I would say GREAT HAND
in Hebrew is like GREAT HANDIWORK in English and connotes
ACCOMPLISHMENT. Here ACCOMPLISHMENT refers not only to
expenditure of ENERGY (MIGHT) but also SKILL and CRAFTSMANSHIP
Hence Rashi could translate Ex14-31a as
---------------------------------------------
The Jews saw the GREAT CRAFTSMANSHIP of what
God did in Egypt and they reveered God and
they had faith in God and Moses his servant
---------------------------------------------

Here CRAFTSMANSHIP (Connoting both ENERGY and
ARTISAN SKILL) are accomplished principally
thru the hand and hence this idiom is another
example of naming by a typically good example
(SYNECHDOCHE).


EXAMPLE 6: Ex03-16a
-------------------
Rashi explains that the word ELDERS can
also mean the LEADERS, MAYORS, SCHOLARS
of the community.

Here Rashi uses SYNECHDOCHE since the ELDERS
are TYPICAL GOOD EXAMPLES of MAYORS and LEADERS
since generally a statesman must have acquired
alot of experience. There are of course exceptions
but the whole point of SYNECHDOCHE is simply to
take a good example.

Rashi does derive that ELDERS = LEADERS from
logic and OTHER VERSES. However we believe that
the SYNECHDOCHE argument has broader application.

EXAMPLE 7: Ex02-16b
-------------------
The Hebrew root Resh-Hey-Tet means
- Water Troughs
- above-ground bridges connecting two buildings(So07-06)

Here both the above-ground bridge and the water trough
have the same FORM--a long rectangular object.

EXAMPLE 8: Ex10-15a
-------------------
The Hebrew root YUD-RESH-KUPH means GREEN.
Hence it refers to VERDURE, the GREEN covering
of meadows. Here the meadow covering is named
by its FORM and COLOR similar to the English
idiom "ORANGE dress" which names a COLOR by an
object with that COLOR. Note that in English also
VERDURE refers to the VERDENT (Green) covering of
a MEADOW.


LIST871z presents these and
other IDIOMS based on metonomy, synechdoche, and FFF.
==================================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW                LIST871z
List of idioms using     METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
==================================================================

========================= LIST871z =============================
List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
LIST871z continues LIST871d LIST871c LIST871b LIST871a
================================================================
VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE  METONOMY                 METHOD USED
======== ============== ======================== ===============
Dt22-06b Mother ON eggs NESTING mother           METONOMY
Dt28-67a WHO WILL GIVE  Oh I WISH(someone gives) METONOMY
Dt28-67b WHO WILL GIVE  Oh I WISH(someone gives) METONOMY
Dt28-47a ALOT OF ALL    Sufficiency              METONOMY
Dt28-07b SEVEN paths    MANY paths               METONOMY
Dt04-32b 1 END OF HEAVN NATIONS at HORIZON       METONOMY*14
Dt04-08a RIGHTEOUS laws ...done by the RIGHTEOUS METONOMY
-------  -------------  -----------------------  ------------
Ex13-12a PASS TO God    ENDOW to GOD             SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex03-19b To GIVE to go  to ALLOW to Go           SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex03-23b To GIVE to go  to ALLOW to Go           SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex02-15c To SIT in Mdyn To DWELL in MDYN         SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex10-24a will STAND     will REMAIN              SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex11-08b Your WALKERS   your FOLLOWers           SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex12-13c To SKIP them   To OMIT them             SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex12-23a To SKIP doors  To OMIT judging houses   SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex12-11a To BELT/GIRD   To PREPARE               SNYECHDOCHE*1
Ex03-16a Elders         Leaders,mayors,..        SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv02-11a HONEY          SWEET*1                  SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv21-21c BREAD          FOOD*1                   SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu08-02c Candellabrah   Central Staff            SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu09-15a Tent Tablets   Whole Temple*11          SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex31-21c Tent Tablets   Whole Temple*11          SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03a Egyptian-like  Sexually perverse*10     SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03b CanaaniteLike  Sexually perverse*10     SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex14-31a great HAND     CRAFTMANSHIP,MIGHT       SYNECHDOCHE*1
-------  -------------  -----------------------  ------------
Nu14-09b Our Bread      Piece of cake(Easy)      Metonomy*2
Nu10-31d Our eyes       Gleam of our eye(Good)   Metonomy*2
Nu14-11a Till WHERE     Till WHEN*4              Metonomy*2
Lv18-09b OUT BIRTH      OUT of WEDLOCK           Metonomy*2
Nu11-20c Out of nose    disgusted*12             Metonomy*2
Nu09-20b Numbered days  Small number of days     Metonomy*2
-------  -------------  -----------------------  ------------
Ex10-15a VERDURE        Verdent (Green)          FFF-Form*3
Ex02-16b Trough         high rise bridge connect FFF-Form*3
Nu08-16b SproutFromWomb birth*13                 FFF-Form*3
Nu20-22b Mount Mountain Mount on top of mountain FFF-Form*3
Nu04-14a Frighteners    Coal rakers              FFF-Feeling*3
Nu04-14c Barren         Sweep cleam              FFF-Function*3
-------- Pentagon       Pentagon Institution     FFF-Form*3
-------- U.N.           U.N. Institution         FFF-Function*3
Gn14-17b FLAT VALLEY    Stadium                  FFF-Form*3
Gn21-20a BOW RAINS      Archer                   FFF-Form*3*4

NOTES
-----
*1 An example of SYNECHDOCHE--naming the whole
   by the part

*2 An example of METONOMY--naming by something
   related

*3 An example of naming by either
   - Form (eg Pentagon)
   - Function (e.g UN)
   - Feel (e.g. Hardship)
   We call this the FFF rule.

*4 RULE
   ----
   * ALeph nun hey = WHERE
   * UNTIL Aleph Nun Hey= until WHEN

*5 In the case of ARCHER, RAIN OF BOW, refers to the
   FORM of the ACTIVITY of the ARCHER (not to the
   FORM of the ARCHER himself). A rapid set of
   BOW SHOOTS resembles IN FORM a torrential rain.

--------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES --------------

*10 Rashi:
   -----------------------------------------------
   Since generally sexually-perverse acts are
   called EGYPTIAN-LIKE and CANAANITE LIKE we infer
   that EGYPT and CANAAN were exemplary in sexual
   perversity.
   -----------------------------------------------

   Here Rashi uses the SYNECHDOCHE principle to
   explain the reason for naming sexual perversity
   as EGYPT-LIKE and CANAANITE-LIKE.

*11 For reasons of space we have abbreviated.
    Nu09-15c literally translated states
    -----------------------------
    SANCTUARY FOR TENT OF TABLETS
    -----------------------------

    Ex31-21c literally translated states
    --------------------------------
    The Sanctuary of Tablets
    --------------------------------


    The following terms all refer to the Temple
    --------------------------------------------
    * Sanctuary
    * Sanctuary of Tablets
    * Sanctuary for the Tent of Tablets
    * Sanctuary of the tent of Meeting
    --------------------------------------------
    While Rashi explains the details
    of some of these terms it seems
    reasonable to simply view them
    all as IDIOMS. Some further comments on
    the terms are presented below.

    Technically the literal Hebrew term is
    --------------------------------------
    * Sanctuary of TESTIMONY
    --------------------------------------

    However the TABLETS with the 10
    COMMANDMENTS are called the TESTIMONY
    (See Ex31-18 or Ex25-16)Hence we have
    translated this phrase as the
    -------------------------------
    * Sanctuary of Tablets
    -------------------------------

    The temple is called the
    ---------------------------------
    * Sanctuary of Meeting
    ---------------------------------
    because God designates the Temple
    as a meeting place for Prophecy
    (Cf. Ex25-22)

*12 The verse states
    ----------------------------
    until it comes out of your nose
    and becomes strange
    ----------------------------

    Rashi translates the whole item as meaning
    DISGUSTING. Clearly this is an example of
    NEW MEANINGS.

*13 Here are a few uses of Pay-Tet-Resh
    ---------------------------------------
    * SPROUTING buds (SPROUTING) 1K06-19
    ---------------------------------------
    * SPROUTING(Leaving) from before King (1S19-10)
    * SPROUTING (releasing) water (Pr17-14)
    * SPROUTING from Womb (Nu08-16)
    ---------------------------------------
    We clearly have here a naming by FORM.

*14 Rashi gives an alternative explanation
    ---------------------------------------
    This refers to Adam whose stature extended
    from ONE OF HEAVEN TO THE OTHER
    ---------------------------------------

    Rashi here unifies both parts of the verse
    ------------------------------------------
    - go back in history to ask
    - ask Adam
    ------------------------------------------

    The statement that ADAM's stature extended
    from one of heaven to the other simply meant
    that ADAM like NOACH and ABRAHAM unified the
    whole world. We metaphorically indicate the
    impact of such people by using words like
    GREAT, BIG. The statement
    -------------------------------------------
    Adam's stature extended from one end of the
    world to the other
    --------------------------------------------
    simply means that
    --------------------------------------------
    Adam's influence extended from one end of
    the world to the other since he unified the
    world
    --------------------------------------------

    Here again Rashi identifies a PERSON with
    the LOCATIONS of his REIGN.
=========================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 32 Number 4


#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2006, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 32 Number 4