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VERSE: Ex14-05b
RASHIS COVERED: Ex14-05b Ex14-25c Ex16-05a Ex16-23a
Ex16-30a Ex15-16a Ex15-16b Ex25-08a
========================== Ex14-05b ============================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals was the explanation of meaning
the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a
variety of vehicles to explain meaning.
Ex14-05b IDIOMS
---------------
CHANGE OF HEART = CHANGE HIS MIND (Like in English)
Ex14-25c METONOMY (Means RELATED thing)
---------------------------------------
EGYPT = EGYPTIANS; AMERICA =AMERICANS
Ex16-05a SHIN-SIN Equality
--------------------------
The SeLauV = The SHalAYV=Tranquil bird
(A FAT bird giving a sense of FULLNESS)
Ex16-23a MEM = PLACE OF
----------------------
Mishmar = Prison (Watched place)
Mishmereth = Storage (Watched place)
Ex15-16a,Ex15-16b SYNONYMS
--------------------------
AYMAH = Anxiety; PACHAD = Fear
================================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== =======================================
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS SYNONYMS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST955a
List of Synonym pairs-differ minutely
--------------------- ------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST854z
List of 2-3-word Biblical idioms
--------------------- ------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 8 Methods of Naming
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST871d
List of idioms using metonomy (eg Egypt=Egyptians)
---------------------- --------------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 2-4 Letter roots
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST910d
List of root pairs with SHIN-SIN difference;they mean same
-------------------- ------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST910e
List of words with Prefix MEM meaning PLACE of
================================================================
======================== LIST910e ===============================
List of words with Prefix MEM meaning PLACE of
=================================================================
WORD MEANS FROM ROOT MEANING MEANING=PLACE of SOMETHING
========= ======= ========= ========== ==========================
MIKDASH TEMPLE KDSH HOLY TEMPLE=Place of HoLiness*1
MISHMAR PRISON ShMR WATCH PRISON=WATCHED place*2
MISHMERET STORAGE ShMR WATCH STORAGE=Watched place
MIGDAL TOWER GDL BIG TOWER=BIG PLACE
MIKRAH HOLIDAY KRA Proclaimed HOLIDAY=Proclaimed day*3
NOTES
-----
*1 Ex25-08a (See Epsteins translation of Rashi who presents
a similar list)
*2 Ex16-23a
*3 PLACE is in SPACE;
DAY is in TIME.
MEM can equally mean a PLACE of
something or a TIME of something.
=================================================================
======================== LIST910d ============================
List of root pairs differing in SIN-SHIN. As can be seen
both roots are similar in meaning*1
==============================================================
ROOT SIN SHIN COMMONALITY OF TWO ROOTS
============= ======= ========== =============================
Sin-Lamed-Vav FatBird Tranquil Feeling of Saiety
Ayin-Sin-Resh 10 rich 10=plurality;rich=much money
Ayin-Sin-Kuph dispute wage-theft Both involve property fights
Kuph-Sin-Kuph Quarter trinkets*2 Both are small silver objects
Chet-Sin-Caph withold dark To withold=keep it in dark
Nun-Sin-Aleph lift up seduce Seduce=give a person a HIGH
NOTES
-----
*1 The 2 Rashis on Gn25-29a Gn25-29b both describe
property disputes on the wells
*2 Biblical money has the following analogy with English
------------------------------
Penny = Perutah
Quarter = Kesitah = 1/6 Dinar
Dollar = Dinar
5 Dollar = Selah = 4 Dinar
------------------------------
We of course use poetic lisence to translate Kesitah as
a Quarter (since it really is a sixth)
================================================================
========================= LIST955a =====================
List of Synonym pairs-differ minutely*1
========================================================
VERSE WORD BASIC IDEA NUANCES
======== ====== ========== =============================
Ex15-16a AyMaH Fear ANXIETY(Long term fear)*12
Ex15-16b PaChaD Fear FEAR(Short term fear)*12
Ex05-07b L-V-N To Build BRICKS used for building
Ex05-07a T-V-N To Build STRAW used for building
Ex01-07a S-R-Tz Reproduce Reproduce alot*9 *11
Gn47-23a HAY HERE I am giving this to you*8
Gn43-28a KiDaH BOW BOW
Gn43-28a SaChaH BOW PROSTRATE
Gn15-05a NBT SEE To FACE a situation
Gn29-17b TOAR Good looks Good FIGURE
Gn29-17c MAREH Good looks Good LOOKS
Lv15-03a R-R To SPILL To OOZE out*1
Lv14-41a YQTzA To CUT To SANDPAPER*2
Lv11-35a KIRaIM STOVES OVEN*3
Lv02-05a MChVT Pots FRYING-PAN:Pot*4
Lv02-07a MRChST Pots FRYING-PAN:Pot*4
Lv13-02a SAYTH White SNOW-WHITE:CLOUD-WHITE*5
Lv13-02b BHRT White SNOW-WHITE:CLOUD-WHITE*5
Dt24-06a RChIM Grindstone Bottom vs Top Grindstone*6
Dt24-06b RCV Grindstone Top vs Bottom Grindstone*6
Ex31-18a KIYOR BASIN Vat:Sprinkler*7
NOTES
-----
*1 This root occurs very infrequently We have
- Lv15-03a oozing (RR) of sexual secretions
- 1S21-14 (Spittle)
- Jb06-06(Oozing of plants or spittle)
*2 Thus YQTziA doesnt just refer to ANY CUTTING but
rather to SANDPAPERING. Hence this root can
also refer to CORNERS and EDGES
(which get their distinctness from being SANDPAPERED)
*3 I used an English analogy. Actually TNUR vs CIRaYIM
seem to refer to a ONE-burner vs a TWO-Burner
hot plate. I am not actually sure on all details*10
*4 Both of these are pots. One is shallow--the type
used for frying. The other is deep--the type
used for rich cooking*10
*5 These are two shades of white. I dont know if analogies
exist in English (CLOUD-WHITE or
SNOW-WHITE vs MARBLE WHITE)*10
*6 I dont believe English has technical terms for the TOP
vs the Bottom grindstone*10
*7 Again there are no English words. The Kaph-Vuv-Resh
refers to a VAT that can hold about 200 Gallons
By contrast the Kaph-Yud-Vuv-Resh refers to a hugh
TANK of water with faucet holes. This TANK was
used to wash hands and legs in the temple (The water
sprinkled out of the holes and washed the person)
*8 HAY only occurs twice in the Bible (The other occurence
is at Ez16-43). The difference between HAY and HINAY
seems to be that
- You use HINAY (HERE) when the object you are giving
is actually there
- You use HAY (HERE) when the object you are giving
is not necessarily physically there but accessible.
Hence since Joseph said HERE, I AM GIVING YOU SEED,
and was referring to SEED he possessed (but not
seed that he had immediately before him) we use
the word HAY not HINAY. (This suggested difference
is conjectural; there are verses with Hinay that
would seem to contradict it--if so HAY and HINAY
would simply be two synonyms with the same meaning)
*9 So eg REPRODUCE and INSECTIFY both have the same
basic meaning of HAVING CHILDREN. But INSECTIFY
has the added nuance of having MANY CHILDREN
---------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ------------------
*10 I believe Rashis basic thrust in all these verses is
explaining items that are ALMOST similar in meaning
but have some subtle nuance (Like STOVE OVEN).
However Rashi goes further and gives etymologies of
some of these words eg
- SeAyTh = CLOUD WHITE (From NaSiH=cloud)
- MaChaVath= FRYING PAN (Has a rim that HIDES(Cheth-Bet)
- MaRCheSeth= Deep Cooking Pan(food BUBBLES (RaChSh))
- RCV=Top Grindstone that RIDES(RCV) on the other grindstone
There are more etymologies; some of these have been
discussed elsewhere. I believe these are the basic ones.
*11 Rashi-s actual language is
-----------------------------------------
S-R-Tz means to have 6 children at a time
-----------------------------------------
The number 6 has sent the Rashi commentators
into a frenzy. Some Rashi commentators derive
the number 6 from the 6 verbs in Ex01-07
- (1) The Jews REPRODUCED
- (2) and INSECTIFIED
- (3) and MULTIPLIED
- (4) and became HUMONGOUS
- (5) ALOT
- (6) ALOT
However a simpler approach to Rashi is the following
- The word INSECTIFY means HAVE CHILDREN LIKE INSECTS
- So INSECTIFY means HAVE AS MANY CHILDREN AS YOU CAN
- But the maxmimum children a woman can have is 6
- So Rashi-is-Simple
*12 e.g. Gn15-12 Abraham had ANXIETY on the vision of
what would happen to him over the next 400 years
vs. Dt28-66 You will FEAR Day and NIGHT.
(It is hard to prove exact nuances from the
verses--it may be more precise to state that
AYMAH is NON-SPECIFIC ANXIETY while PACHAD is
SPECIFIC FEAR. This would be consistent with
the etymology of AYMAH = AY MAH = WHERE IS IT?
WHAT WILL HAPPEN -- that is, ANXIETY is a state
of excessive concern on what will happen without
being specific.)
========================================================
======================= LIST854z ================================
A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY
LIST854z continues LIST854d
=================================================================
VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
======== ======================= ===================== ==========
Ex14-05b CHANGE OF HEART Changed his mind
Gn43-29a FIND GRACE Wish(ed) you well *5
Gn24-57a ASK HER MOUTH Discuss/get opinions *4
Ex12-06d BETWEEN THE EVES NOON *3
Gn37-03a SON OF OLD AGE Youngest *1
Gn37-26b COVER BLOOD Conceal murder *2
Ex21-21a DAY OR DAYS 24 hours
Lv13-39a DULL WHITE DULL WHITE
NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi points out 3 equally possible meanings
- Youngest son (Son born while father was ELDERLY)
- Wisest son (ELDER=WISDOM)
- Son who resembles father (despite old age he still
looks like son)
*2 This is an example of a DOUBLE METONOMY
Blood is ASSOCIATED with life and COVER is
associated with denial. Hence COVER-BLOOD=conceal-murder
*3 NOON is the midpoint between EVE and DAWN. Hence
NOON is the BETWEEN THE EVES.
*4 The context is the proposed marriage of 15 year old
Rivkah to Isaac from another country. The offer had
been made by the servant of Abraham to Rivkahs family
The Biblical text states: Let us(her parents)
ASK HER MOUTH
This is the ONLY time in the Bible that this
phrase occurs(The verb ASK occurs frequently).
Apparently this phrase means
- Lets DISCUSS or LETS GET AN OPINION*10
Such an interpretation is appropriate for a marriage
decision
*5 FIND-GRACE can equally mean I WISH YOU WELL or
YOU WERE WISHED WELL. Rashi points out that GRACE
by itself has this same connotation (Without the
full phrase FIND GRACE). See LIST854g for further
details
---------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------
*10 Hence the Rashi on Gn24-57b: The Biblical text
states that Rivkah responded: I WILL GO.
But Rashi, surprisingly states: I WILL GO WHETHER
YOU LIKE IT OR NOT.
Why did Rashi read such an emphasis into the simple
question and answer
------------------------------------------
PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man
RIVKAH: I will go.
------------------------------------------
The answer is that the Bible says
------------------------------------------
PARENTS: We will DISCUSS THE MATTER with her;
get her opinion
PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man
RIVKAH: I will go.
------------------------------------------
Thus the context shows that Rivkah was not
INTERESTED IN A DISCUSSION--she had already
made up her mind
=========================================================
========================= LIST871d =============================
List of idioms using metonomy (eg Egypt=Egyptians)
================================================================
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE METONOMY(ITEM means RELATED ITEM)
======== ============== ========================================
Ex14-25c EGYPT-the land Egyptians-the people*6
Gn49-09c ABOVE plunder REMOVED from plundering (Above it)*5
Gn49-05b VIOLENT TOOLS Criminal behavior*4
Gn45-18b FAT of land BEST of land
Gn45-08a FATHER to Phrh FRIEND/ADVISOR to Pharoh
Gn43-34a He gave LIFTS LIFTED THEIR SPIRIT-i.e. gifts
Gn41-35b HAND of Pharoh DOMAIN of Pharoh*2
Gn24-18a pitchr on HAND she lowered pitcher on her ARM
Gn37-26b COVER blood CONCEAL murder
Gn37-26b cover BLOOD conceal MURDER
Ex30-13c HOLY coins Coins used in HOLY TEMPLE matters
Dt18-01c FIRES of God SACRIFICES offered on temple Fire
Dt29-19a SMOKING anger Anger that makes person HOT
Gn13-02a Abraham HEAVY Abraham-s assets NUMEROUS
Gn13-02a ABRAHAM heavy ABRAHAM-S ASSETS numerous
NOTES
-----
*1 Many examples in this list come from previous
list in the metonomy series (LIST871a,
LIST871b, LIST871c)
*2 See LIST871e for 6 Rashis mentioning this HAND=DOMAIN
theme
*3 See LIST871f for verses where NSA means GIFT
*4 Rashi citing the Midrash Rabbah states
-------------------------------------
Your violence is something you VIOLATED
from Esauv (You are killing like Esauv)
-------------------------------------
But I see no reason to see this Midrash
as the PRIMARY simple meaning of the
verse. The PRIMARY meaning of the verse
is that Shimon and Levi were criminals
The Midrash is simply adding a pun to this
observation.
*5 See LIST871g for some examples
*6 This is a common metonomy that occurs in English
(eg America-Americans etc).
Rashi is cute here: He EXPLAINS the metonomy
----------------------------------------------
When the soldiers die at sea their loved ones
back in Egypt also suffer and in effect are
smitten by God
----------------------------------------------
Rashi does not contradict the metonomy--he
simply shows why it is convenient to identify
the LAND and PEOPLE.
===============================================================
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