#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
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VERSE: Ex14-10b
RASHIS COVERED: Ex14-12a Ex14-10b Ex15-14b
======================= Ex14-10b ===============================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
A powerful but simple Rashi method is the CITATION or CROSS-
REFERENCING of an OTHER VERSE for the purpose of adding
FURTHER DETAILS to a verse we are studying. We call this
the OTHER VERSE method. There are three submethods to the
OTHER VERSE method.
If the verse actually CITES or refers to an OTHER VERSE we
call this the SUBMETHOD of CITATION.
If the OTHER VERSE explains the meaning of
some term in the first verse we call this the SUBMETHOD
of MEANING.
If the first verse does not cite an other verse and if
no meaning is explained then we call this the SUBMETHOD
of FURTHER DETAILS since the 2nd verse either confirms
the first verse or typically adds FURTHER DETAILS to
the first verse
EXAMPLE 1: Ex14-12a
-------------------------------------
Ex14-12a states
-------------------------------------------
Isnt this [not leaving Egypt] what we
told you in Egypt 'LEAVE US ALONE AND
LET US BE SLAVES IN EGYPT--for it is
better to be slaves in Egypt the to
die in the wilderness'
-------------------------------------------
Rashi cites an OTHER VERSE Ex05-21 in which
the Jews say ideas similar to LEAVE US ALONE
AND LET US BE SLAVES IN EGYPT SINCE THAT
IS BETTER THAN DEATH
------------------------------------------
And the Jews met Moses and Aaron (After their
initial request to free the Jews)...and said
MAY GOD SEE AND JUDGE YOU THAT YOU MADE US
DESPICABLE BEFORE PHAROH AND HiS SERVANTS (They
think we want to run away)--TO GIVE A SWORD
TO HIM (that is a pretense) TO KILL US
------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE 2: Ex15-14b
-------------------
Ex15-14b states
--------------------------------
The nations heard (Of the destruction of Egypt)
and were shaken up
Fright gripped the Philistine lands
--------------------------------
Rashi explains why fright gripped the
Philistine lands based on OTHER VERSES
---------------------------------------
1C07-21 states
----------------------
The Gathians killed Ephraim's children
from trying to reclaim their livestock
----------------------
1C18-01 assures us that
--------------------------------
...David took Gath from the Philistines
--------------------------------
So the GATHIANS are a suburb of the Philistines.
Rashi goes into further details on why the
Philistines killed Ephraim's children...our main
concern here is that Rashi makes his inference based
on an OTHER VERSE. Please see footnote 17 in the
list below.
EXAMPLE 3: Ex14-10b
--------------------
Ex14-10 states
-------------------------
The Jews lifted their eyes
and saw EGYPT pursuing them
-------------------------
Rashi
----------------------------
EGYPT refers to the Guardian Angel
of Egypt
----------------------------
To explain this Rashi we use 4 principles
A) (GRAMMAR) EGYPT PURSUING is in the Singular. Hence
it could refer to the Angel of Egypt. However
it is normal in military operations to use
the singular to denote an army acting in a unified
manner.
B) (SPREADSHEET PRINCIPLE) A slave that had murdered
an important Egyptian deity would probably have
flashbacks and dreams of the deity pursuing them.
This is normal. The text doesnt say it but it is
a logical-probable consequence of the text (SPREADSHEET)
C) (METONOMY) Eg If I say AMERICA defeated IRAQ we
really mean the AMERICAN PEOPLE defeated the IRAQY
people. Here we use METONOMY--the American PEOPLE
are named by a RELATED ITEM, AMERICA, the PLACE
where they live. The naming by a related item is
called METONOMY. If AMERICA (the country) can also
mean the AMERICAN people it can similarly mean the
GUARDIAN ANGEL of Egypt.
D) (OTHER VERSE) The real driving force behind Rashi
is the OTHER VERSE method Ex14-19:20 which states
--------------------------------------------------
The ANGEL of GOD going before the Israeli camp
[that is, the Guardian Angel of Israel] went
between the Israeli and Egyptian camps...[so that]
they[the two camps] did not get near each other
--------------------------------------------------
I would suggest that if the Jews were having dreams
and flashbacks about the Guardian Angel of Israel
so too they had flashbacks aboutthe Guardian Angel
of Egypt [Here we use the OTHER VERSE principle
combined with the SPREADSHEET PRINCIPLE---it is
very reasonable for a fleeing slave if he dreams
of the Guardian angel of one side to also see the
guardian angel of the second side]
LIST210x presents other examples of verse pairs
illuminating each other with further details
==================================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS OTHER VERSES
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS FURTHER DETAILS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #1
SEE BELOW LIST210x
List of verses pairs with one verse illuminating another
==================================================================
=================== LIST210x ====================================
List of verses pairs with one verse illuminating another
LIST210x CONTINUES LIST210a LIST210z LIST210y
=================================================================
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE OTHER VRSE DETAILS
======== ======================== ========== ====================
Ex15-14b Fear gripped PHILISTINES 1C07-21*17 They killed Ephraim
Ex14-10b EGYPT was pursuing*16 Ex14-19:20 EGYPT GUARDIAN Angel
Ex14-12a Leave us alone;be slaves Ex05-21*15 Attempt freedom hrts
Ex12-21a GRAB and TAKE sheep Ex12-03:04 TAKE YOURS or BUY
Ex12-21b GRAB and TAKE sheep Ex12-03:04 TAKE YOURS or BUY
Ex12-14b THIS day is a memorial Ex13-03 the 15th *14
Ex12-01b Gd spoke toMoses INEgypt Ex09-29 Outside of city*13
Gn49-23a BITTERED Joe's life Gn37-23:28 Attempted murder*12
Gn33-18b Jacob was COMPLETE Gn32-32 Jacob had a LIMP
Gn29-13d He told him THESE things Gn27-41:45 Why he fled/left*5
Gn26-01a Dont go down to Egypt Gn12-10 Same order to Abe
Gn25-05a Abe gave Isac ALL HE HAD Gn26-03:04 Gave Gods blessings
Gn24-66a ALL THINGS THAT HAPPENED Gn24-10:21 Immediately found it
Dt33-21a He chose the FIRST Nu32-01:05 1st Conquest-Moab
Dt33-21b LAWGIVER is hidden there Dt34-05:06 MOSES buried there
Dt33-21c Lawgiver is HIDDEN there Dt34-05:06 NoOne knows burial
------- --------------------- -------- ----------------
Dt32-14k ...RED wine Pr23-31 the BEST wine
Dt18-09a Dont learn idolatry Dt12-30 Dont learn TO DO*4
Dt02-15a God quick to kill siners Nu32-05:08 Bad influence*3
Dt01-31b God like FATHER to Jews Ex14-19 Angel goes in back
Nu27-20a give your SPLENDOR ToHim Ex34-30 HORNS OF LIGHT
Nu21-15b TZUR=Midyan family HEAD Nu31-08 1 of 5 main leaders
Nu21-15c TZUR=MIDYAN FAMILY head Gn25-04 5 main Midyan tribes
Nu21-24a BRAZEN is border of Amon Dt02-19 PROTECTED BY PROPHCY
Nu20-16b God sent ANGEL to redeem Ex23-20 ANGEL=MOSES
Nu14-25a journey away from here Nu14-42:45 Amalyk will defeat u
Nu12-08c See GODS PICTURE Ex33-23 See God-s back
Nu12-12b Don-t make us LIKE DEAD Lv13-45:46 LIKE LEPOR*1
Nu02-02c OPPOSITE the Temple Jo03-04 2000 Cubits
Lv27-10a GOOD:BAD sacrifice Lv22-18:20 BAD=BLEMISHED
Gn45-18a I-ll give BEST OF LAND Gn47-11 BEST OF LAND=Ramsyth
NOTES
-----
*1 Unlike other cases of ritual impurity the Lepor is
- ostracized from all his friends
- must declare himself impure and separate himself
Hence he is like someone dead (that is like a dead body
he is REPULSIVE)*10
*2 Verse Ex14-19 states
--------------------------------------------
[The Jews had just exited Egypt; Egypt
regretted letting them free and pursued
them. The following text relates the pursuit]
And the Angel of God, which went in FRONT
of the Jewish camp, journeyed and went in
BACK of them;[Similarly] the pillar of
fire went from in front to the back
--------------------------------------------
Rashi explains with an analogy:
-----------------------------------------
A person and his father were walking in
the forest. Suddenly they hear wild animals
in back of them pursuing them. The father,
who had been leading his son in front now
goes in back so that the wild animals
should bump into him first, not his son
-----------------------------------------
In other words, Rashi sees Ex14-19
as providing a FURTHER DETAIL to the concept
of GOD CARED FOR YOU LIKE A FATHER. God had
fought for the Jews who were helpless like
children.
*3 Rashi does not cite Nu32-05:08 but instead explains
-------------------------------------------
God wanted si15ers dead lest they influence
their children into rebelling against God
-------------------------------------------
*4 That is: Don't learn idolatry for purposes of practicing
it. But it is permissable to learn idolatry for purposes
of instructing people on what not to do and on the horrors
of particular idolatries.*11
*5 You can SUPPLEMENT Rashi with ADDITIONAL reasons
- Rashi emphasizes that because Jacob was fleeing he
had no money
- I would add that perhaps Jacob was saying
-----------------------------------------
Look I stole blessings from Esauv So my
mother, your sister, things I should intern
by you to learn how to do such things since
this is the way you operate
-----------------------------------------
--------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------------
*10 Rashi gives an alternate argument
-----------------------------------------------------
Both the LEPOR and DEAD transmit a status of ritual
impurity to a person who merely walks into the same
room with them
-----------------------------------------------------
However we would summarize this Rashi argument as follows
---------------------------------------------------------
Both the LEPOR and DEAD are considered REPULSIVE. Hence
- merely being in the same room with them confers impurity
- People AVOID both the LEPOR and DEAD BODY
---------------------------------------------------------
Such an approach to Rashi is deeper and more satisfying
and sheds light on the analogy.
*11 Rashi's literal language is
---------------------------------------------------
DON'T LEARN TO DO, but you can LEARN TO TEACH
---------------------------------------------------
This statement is short, punchy and to the point.
Furthermore the literal text of Dt18-09a is
DON'T LEARN TO DO.
Thus it appears that Rashi made his inference
from the EXTRA phrase TO DO (DONT LEARN TO DO
vs DONT LEARN).
However the approach of this list is to explain
Rashi inferences in terms of broad laws such as
OTHER VERSES. In this list we shy away from
inferences from 'extra phrases.' Since Dt12-30
clearly prohibits LEARNING/INQUIRING FOR PURPOSES
OF PRACTICE we prefer this OTHER VERSE explanation
Consequently, this Rashi is one of those PEACHES
that illustrate our different approach to Rashi
explanations.
*12 Rashi gives a second explanation of the word BITTERED
----------------------------------------------------
Potiphar tried to seduce Joseph and when he refused
they threw him in prison
----------------------------------------------------
However the continuation on Gn49-23 is
----------------------------
they fought among themselves
----------------------------
- This DOES apply to the brothers but
- DOES not apply to Potiphar
Hence I have taken the primary explanation of Rashi
to refer to the brothers.
*13
Rashi explains and comments
----------------------------------------
Moses presumably WAITED TILL HE LEFT THE CITY
to pray to God because the city was filled with
idols and he didn't want to pray in the city---
We likewise infer that the laws told to Moses
in Ex12-01 were told to him ON THE OUTSKIRTS
OF THE CITY...that is the phrase IN THE LAND
OF EGYPT should be interpreted to mean in the OUTSKIRTS
OF THE CITIES
-----------------------------------------
*14 The whole story is as follows
- Ex12-06 describes the offering of the pascal
lamb on the 14th of Nissan
- Ex12-12:13 describes the smiting of the first
born on that evening (the pre-eve of the 15th)
The drama comes in Ex12-14 which states
------------------------------------------
THIS day is a MEMORIAL and you shall have a holiday
------------------------------------------
Which day is THIS day? Is it the DAY of the chapter--
14 Nissan. Or perhaps it refers to the day following
the smiting of the first born when they left Egypt.
Rashi answers this inquiry by carefully citing
OTHER VERSES.
- Nu33-03 states
------------------------------------------
On the day after the Passover offering the
Jews left Egypt
------------------------------------------
We conclude that the Jews left on the 15th.
- Ex13-03 states
---------------------------------------------
Make a MEMORIAL of this day when you leave Egypt
---------------------------------------------
We conclude that the 15th is a Memorial day.
Hence, concludes Rashi
--------------------------------
When Ex12-14 states and THIS DAY
SHALL BE A REMEMBRANCE then THIS DAY
refers to the 15th
---------------------------------
*15
Ex14-12a states
-------------------------------------------
Isnt this [not leaving Egypt] what we
told you in Egypt 'LEAVE US ALONE AND
LET US BE SLAVES IN EGYPT--for it is
better to be slaves in Egypt the to
die in the wilderness'
-------------------------------------------
Rashi cites an OTHER VERSE Ex05-21 in which
the Jews say ideas similar to LEAVE US ALONE
AND LET US BE SLAVES IN EGYPT SINCE THAT
IS BETTER THAN DEATH
------------------------------------------
And the Jews met Moses and Aaron (After their
initial request to free the Jews)...and said
MAY GOD SEE AND JUDGE YOU THAT YOU MADE US
DESPICABLE BEFORE PHAROH AND HiS SERVANTS (They
think we want to run away)--TO GIVE A SWORD
TO HIM (that is a pretense) TO KILL US
------------------------------------------
*16
To explain this Rashi we use 4 principles
A) (GRAMMAR) EGYPT PURSUING is in the Singular. Hence
it could refer to the Angel of Egypt. However
it is normal in military operations to use
the singular to denote an army acting in a unified
manner.
B) (SPREADSHEET PRINCIPLE) A slave that had murdered
an important Egyptian deity would probably have
flashbacks and dreams of the deity pursuing them.
This is normal. The text doesnt say it but it is
a logical-probable consequence of the text (SPREADSHEET)
C) (METONOMY) Eg If I say AMERICA defeated IRAQ we
really mean the AMERICAN PEOPLE defeated the IRAQY
people. Here we use METONOMY--the American PEOPLE
are named by a RELATED ITEM, AMERICA, the PLACE
where they live. The naming by a related item is
called METONOMY. If AMERICA (the country) can also
mean the AMERICAN people it can similarly mean the
GUARDIAN ANGEL of Egypt.
D) (OTHER VERSE) The real driving force behind Rashi
is the OTHER VERSE method Ex14-19:20 which states
--------------------------------------------------
The ANGEL of GOD going before the Israeli camp
[that is, the Guardian Angel of Israel] went
between the Israeli and Egyptian camps...[so that]
they[the two camps] did not get near each other
--------------------------------------------------
I would suggest that if the Jews were having dreams
and flashbacks about the Guardian Angel of Israel
so too they had flashbacks aboutthe Guardian Angel
of Egypt [Here we use the OTHER VERSE principle
combined with the SPREADSHEET PRINCIPLE---it is
very reasonable for a fleeing slave if he dreams
of the Guardian angel of one side to also see the
guardian angel of the second side]
*17 1C07-21 states that the GATHITES killed some of
Ephraims children. 1C18-01 identifies the
GATHITES with the Philistines.
Radack goes into length on what happens(1C07-21)
For example: Analyzing census data Radack
suggests that the Philistines killed 8000 people
Further analysis of dates suggests that
this incident happened during the Egyptian
slavery: For example, perhaps they erroneously
thought that the TIME OF REDEMPTION had come;
they therefore tried to escape and reclaim
their herds but were killed by the nearby
Philistines.
At any rate Rashi's major point here is that
the explanation of WHY the Philistines were
afraid is brought out by OTHER VERSES relating
former pillages.
==============================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 28 Number 22
#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 28 Number 22