#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
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VERSE: Gn18-24a

RASHIS COVERED: Gn18-24a Gn18-28a Gn18-29a Gn18-32a
                Gn18-26a Gn20-02a

======================== Gn18-24a ============================


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi will very often take a verse whose
meaning is understood and ADD a consequence
to the verse. We call this the SPREADSHEET
method since SPREADSHEETS are very often
used to derive consequences of otherwise
understood data.  The SPREADSHEET method
is also used when Rashi gives COMPUTATIONAL
or GEOMETRIC diagrams to clarify the meaning
of the verse.

EXAMPLE Gn18-24:32
------------------
Gn18-24:32 represents a prophetic introspection
between Abraham and God giving understanding
on why God destroyed Sedom and Amorah--the reason
was because there were almost no righteous people
in the city--that is they were thoroughly evil
without hope of improvement (Because there were
no righteous people there). God and Abraham review
the lack of righteous people in stages as follows
----------------------------------------------------
# OF RIGHTEOUS PEOPLE NEEDED    # CITIES  # Per city
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -     - - - -   - - - - -
50                              5*1       10
45                              5          9*2
40                              4*3       10
30                              3         10
20                              2         10
10                              1         10
----------------------------------------------------

NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi points out based on the explicit verse Gn14-02
   that SEDOM and AMORAH were really a metropolis
   of 5 cities--SEDOM,AMORAH,ADMAH,TZEVOIM,BELA
   However SEDOM (& AMORAH) were the heavily
   populated centers while the other 3 were
   resort villages. Furthermore, SEDOM was the
   town center. So the entire collection was
   called SEDOM (Similarly the HAWAIIAN Islands
   consist of 8 Islands but we call them HAWAII
   based on the main Island)

*2 It was reasonable that if
   - 10 people or
   - 9  people
   were in the city that God would spare them.
   But if only
   - 8 people
   were in the city than God would not spare
   them just as God did not spare the world
   for the sake of 8 people in Noach's time
   (Noach+his 3 sons+their 4 wives=8---but
   God only spared Noach's family and not the
   whole world)

*3 40 would justify saving 4 cities (10 @ city)
   but not sparing the 5th city.

LIST690p summarizes this spreadsheet argument.
LIST690a presents other examples where
Rashi uses the SPREADSHEET method

We have made the argument above that e.g. 50 people
would spare the entire city, 40 would spare 4 cities
etc. This idea that SEDOM represented 5 cities
was proven by a reference to Gn14-02. It can further
be proven by ALIGNMENT.

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the ALIGNMENT,
that is, the word by word comparison, of almost identical verses.
The minor variations between these almost similar verses
suggests nuances and differences or even meaning. We call
this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT

-When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call
this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES

-When Rashi infers nuances from the variations between the
almost similar verses (or verse phrases) we call this the
Rashi subrule of NUANCES.

-When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost
identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING.

EXAMPLE 1 Gn18-26
-----------------
In Gn18-26 God states
---------------------------------------
If I find      IN SEDOM
50 people      IN THE CITY
I will forgive THE WHOLE REGION for them
---------------------------------------

As already indicated the proof that SEDOM and
AMORAH were five cities comes from Gn14-02
--------------------------------
- BERAH, KING OF       SEDOM
- BRSHAH, King of      AMORAH
- SHINAV, King of      ADMAH
- SHEMAVER, King of    TZVOIM
- TZOAR, King of       BELA
--------------------------------

Using this we infer NUANCES from Gn18-26
- If I find 50 people in THE CITY, SEDOM
- I will forgive the WHOLE REGION=WHOLE METROPOLIS
In other words 50 people in the main city is
sufficient to forgive all.

Still a 3rd way see this is to infer nuances
from the word WHOLE (WHOLE PLACE) which implies
BOTH the CITY and ITS OUTSKIRTS.

LIST309f summarizes this ALIGNMENT

EXAMPLE Gn20-02a
----------------
Cf The following two verses which discuss Abraham's
arrival in a strange city
--------------------------------------------------------
- Gn12-11:13 Abraham ASKED Sarah to say she was a sister
- Gn20-02a   Abraham SAID Sarah was his sister
--------------------------------------------------------

Rashi comments
--------------------------------------------------
The 1st time: Abraham ASKED Sarah to say she was
his sister since he hoped the ruse would work.

The 2nd time: Sarah knew it would not work (Since she
was taken as a wife of the King) So Abraham forcibly
declared her his sister
--------------------------------------------------

LIST309g summarizes this ALIGNMENT.
==================================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        SPREADSHEETS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      ALGEBRA
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #30
SEE BELOW                LIST690a
List of Rashis using     Spreadsheets/Algebra
---------------------    -----------------------------------
SEE BELOW                LIST690p
List of                  People @ city justifying non-destruction
---------------------    -----------------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS:        ALIGNMENT
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      NUANCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #11
SEE BELOW                LIST309f
Alignment of clauses in  Gn18-26--Forgive REGION for 10 in CITY
-----------------------  -----------------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      NUANCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #11
SEE BELOW                LIST309g
Alignment of clauses in  Gn20-02 vs Gn12-11:13(Sarah=Abes sister)
==================================================================

========================= LIST309g ===============================
Alignment of clauses in  Gn20-02 vs Gn12-11:13(Sarah=Abes sister)
==================================================================
VERSE      ABRAHAM VERB*1  Sarah is sister
========== ======= ======= =======================================
Gn12-11:13 Abraham ASKED   Sarah to say she was a sister
Gn20-02a   Abraham SAID    Sarah was his sister

NOTES
-----
*1 The 1st time: Abraham ASKED Sarah to say she was
   his sister since he hoped the ruse would work.

   The 2nd time: Sarah knew it would not work (Since she
   was taken as a wife of the King) So Abraham forcibly
   declared her his sister
==================================================================


====================== LIST309f ==================================
Alignment of clauses in  Gn18-26--Forgive REGION for 10 in CITY
==================================================================
PHRASE#1       PHRASE#2
============== ===================================================
If I find      IN SEDOM*1
50 people      IN THE CITY*1
I will forgive THE WHOLE PLACE*1 for them

NOTES
-----
*1 Based on Gn14-02 we know that SEDOM & AMORAH were really 5
   cities. Gn14-02 states
  --------------------------------
  - BERAH, KING OF       SEDOM
  - BRSHAH, King of      AMORAH
  - SHINAV, King of      ADMAH
  - SHEMAVER, King of    TZVOIM
  - TZOAR, King of       BELA
  --------------------------------
Apparently the region was a sort of Metropolis
  - Sedom and Amorah were the TOWN CENTERS
  - the other 3 cities were sort of resort villages
  The situation is similar to HAWAII, the name of the
  8 Hawaiian Islands (One city is Main)

  So in the above ALIGNMENT God says
  ----------------------------------
  - if I find 50 people in the main city
  - I will forgive the entire Region
  ----------------------------------

  [Still another proof of the CITY-METROPOLIS
   is the use of the word WHOLE
   -----------------------------------------------
   I will forgive the WHOLE Region because of them
   -----------------------------------------------]
==================================================================


========================= LIST690p =============================
List of People @ city justifying non-destruction
================================================================
# OF RIGHTEOUS PEOPLE NEEDED    # CITIES  # Per city
=============================== ========= ======================
50                              5*1       10
45                              5          9*2
40                              4*3       10
30                              3         10
20                              2         10
10                              1         10

NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi points out based on the explicit verse Gn14-02
   that SEDOM and AMORAH were really a metropolis
   of 5 cities--SEDOM,AMORAH,ADMAH,TZEVOIM,BELA
   However SEDOM (& AMORAH) were the heavily
   populated centers while the other 3 were
   resort villages. Furthermore, SEDOM was the
   town center. So the entire collection was
   called SEDOM (Similarly the HAWAIIAN Islands
   consist of 8 Islands but we call them HAWAII
   based on the main Island)

*2 It was reasonable that if
   - 10 people
   - 9  people
   were in the city that God would spare them.
   But if only
   - 8 people
   were in the city than God would not spare
   them just as God did not spare the world
   for the sake of 8 people in Noach's time
   (Noach+his 3 sons+their 4 wives=8---but
   God only spared Noach's family and not the
   whole world)

*3 40 would justify saving 4 cities (10 @ city)
   but not sparing the 5th city.
================================================================

==================== LIST690a ==================================
List of Rashis using     Spreadsheets/Algebra
================================================================
VERSE         Item Spreadsheet is used for
============  ==================================================
gn18-24a.htm  God spares 1 city for 10, 2 cities for 20,3 for 30
gn14-02a.htm  Good for relationships: Revisit old Hotel spots
gn09-20c.htm  Noah planted a vineyard---(He took VINES into ark)
gn09-20c.htm  Ark door on SIDE--if on roof there could be leaks
gn09-20c.htm  ARK SIDES COMPLETE UPWARD 1=sloping wall,1 ft roof
dt31-21b.htm  POEM WILL BE REMEMBERED==>Torah ALWAYS REMEMBERED
dt31-21b.htm  Place TORAH on side of ARK:SIDE=attachment/inside
dt28-02d.htm  Geometrical identification of 1st fruit-Tie string
nu21-17a.htm  Numerical illustration of eldest inheriting double
nu21-17a.htm  Illustration of (A and B)==>C vs A==>(B==>C)
nu33-49a.htm  Jewish camp from YESHIMOTH to SHITIM=12 sq mil
nu33-49a.htm  Border descriptors: WILL BE, PASS, ROLL, ETCH,OUT
nu30-06b.htm  Unknown vow annulment effects forgiveness of sin*2
nu26-54a.htm  Israel divided a)Per PERSON b) Per DOLLAR of land
nu21-13b.htm  Illustrate complex geometric border design
nu13-22b.htm  Israel is superior of all lands
gn49-26d.htm  your fathers blessings greater than my fathers
dt21-17a.htm  How to give 1st-born double *1
ex38-24b.htm  Computation of relative value of Biblical currency
nu03-39b.htm  Accounting of Levite children
nu31-26a.htm  Division of booty in war
gn05-32b.htm  Computation of relative ages of Noachs children
gn25-20a.htm  Proof that Rivkah was 15 when she married Isaac

NOTES
-----
*1  Many people are familiar with the concept of the
    FORMULA PLUG IN. That is a problem is solved by a
    formula which you plug into.

    But some problems intrinsically cannot (initally)
    be solved by a formula. Instead you have to
    formulate the problem algebraically and solve;only
    then do you have the formula.

    In other words these problems are solved by
    the EQUATION vs the FORMULA

    Thus the statement that the eldest gets double
    suggests the following model.

    - Suppose the are B brothers
    - Suppose 1 of them is eldest
    - The Fathers total assets are T (Total)

    - Let A be the amount each brother inherits
    We have no formula for A

    - Then each of the B-1 brothers obtains A
    - The eldest obtains double, 2A.
    - Together this exhausts the Fathers estate, T

    Hence we have (B-1)A + 2A = (B+1)A = T

    This gives rise to the formula  A = T / (B+1)

    An example is a father with 100,000 and 4 children
    - T=100,000
    - B=4
    - So each child take T/(B+1) = 100000/5 = 20,000
    - Eldest takes 2*20000=40000
    - Other 3 take 20000
    - Total distribution =3*20000+40000=100000

    See Rambam Inheritance Chapter 2

*2
Rashi gives a clarifying example to the verse GOD FORGIVES HER
--------------------------------------------------------------
- the women vowed to become a nazarite
- the husband annuled her vow
- but the husband did not tell her about the annulment
- the women then violated her vow
-
- In such a case God forgives the women (despite her
  intending to commit a sin) because of the unknown
  annulment of her husband
-
- We conclude that sin is an attribute of ACTION,not INTENT
--------------------------------------------------------------
===============================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 27 Number 23


#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 27 Number 23