#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
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VERSE: Gn18-24a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn18-24a Gn18-28a Gn18-29a Gn18-32a
Gn18-26a Gn20-02a
======================== Gn18-24a ============================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi will very often take a verse whose
meaning is understood and ADD a consequence
to the verse. We call this the SPREADSHEET
method since SPREADSHEETS are very often
used to derive consequences of otherwise
understood data. The SPREADSHEET method
is also used when Rashi gives COMPUTATIONAL
or GEOMETRIC diagrams to clarify the meaning
of the verse.
EXAMPLE Gn18-24:32
------------------
Gn18-24:32 represents a prophetic introspection
between Abraham and God giving understanding
on why God destroyed Sedom and Amorah--the reason
was because there were almost no righteous people
in the city--that is they were thoroughly evil
without hope of improvement (Because there were
no righteous people there). God and Abraham review
the lack of righteous people in stages as follows
----------------------------------------------------
# OF RIGHTEOUS PEOPLE NEEDED # CITIES # Per city
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
50 5*1 10
45 5 9*2
40 4*3 10
30 3 10
20 2 10
10 1 10
----------------------------------------------------
NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi points out based on the explicit verse Gn14-02
that SEDOM and AMORAH were really a metropolis
of 5 cities--SEDOM,AMORAH,ADMAH,TZEVOIM,BELA
However SEDOM (& AMORAH) were the heavily
populated centers while the other 3 were
resort villages. Furthermore, SEDOM was the
town center. So the entire collection was
called SEDOM (Similarly the HAWAIIAN Islands
consist of 8 Islands but we call them HAWAII
based on the main Island)
*2 It was reasonable that if
- 10 people or
- 9 people
were in the city that God would spare them.
But if only
- 8 people
were in the city than God would not spare
them just as God did not spare the world
for the sake of 8 people in Noach's time
(Noach+his 3 sons+their 4 wives=8---but
God only spared Noach's family and not the
whole world)
*3 40 would justify saving 4 cities (10 @ city)
but not sparing the 5th city.
LIST690p summarizes this spreadsheet argument.
LIST690a presents other examples where
Rashi uses the SPREADSHEET method
We have made the argument above that e.g. 50 people
would spare the entire city, 40 would spare 4 cities
etc. This idea that SEDOM represented 5 cities
was proven by a reference to Gn14-02. It can further
be proven by ALIGNMENT.
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the ALIGNMENT,
that is, the word by word comparison, of almost identical verses.
The minor variations between these almost similar verses
suggests nuances and differences or even meaning. We call
this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT
-When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call
this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES
-When Rashi infers nuances from the variations between the
almost similar verses (or verse phrases) we call this the
Rashi subrule of NUANCES.
-When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost
identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING.
EXAMPLE 1 Gn18-26
-----------------
In Gn18-26 God states
---------------------------------------
If I find IN SEDOM
50 people IN THE CITY
I will forgive THE WHOLE REGION for them
---------------------------------------
As already indicated the proof that SEDOM and
AMORAH were five cities comes from Gn14-02
--------------------------------
- BERAH, KING OF SEDOM
- BRSHAH, King of AMORAH
- SHINAV, King of ADMAH
- SHEMAVER, King of TZVOIM
- TZOAR, King of BELA
--------------------------------
Using this we infer NUANCES from Gn18-26
- If I find 50 people in THE CITY, SEDOM
- I will forgive the WHOLE REGION=WHOLE METROPOLIS
In other words 50 people in the main city is
sufficient to forgive all.
Still a 3rd way see this is to infer nuances
from the word WHOLE (WHOLE PLACE) which implies
BOTH the CITY and ITS OUTSKIRTS.
LIST309f summarizes this ALIGNMENT
EXAMPLE Gn20-02a
----------------
Cf The following two verses which discuss Abraham's
arrival in a strange city
--------------------------------------------------------
- Gn12-11:13 Abraham ASKED Sarah to say she was a sister
- Gn20-02a Abraham SAID Sarah was his sister
--------------------------------------------------------
Rashi comments
--------------------------------------------------
The 1st time: Abraham ASKED Sarah to say she was
his sister since he hoped the ruse would work.
The 2nd time: Sarah knew it would not work (Since she
was taken as a wife of the King) So Abraham forcibly
declared her his sister
--------------------------------------------------
LIST309g summarizes this ALIGNMENT.
==================================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS: SPREADSHEETS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS ALGEBRA
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #30
SEE BELOW LIST690a
List of Rashis using Spreadsheets/Algebra
--------------------- -----------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST690p
List of People @ city justifying non-destruction
--------------------- -----------------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS: ALIGNMENT
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NUANCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #11
SEE BELOW LIST309f
Alignment of clauses in Gn18-26--Forgive REGION for 10 in CITY
----------------------- -----------------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NUANCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #11
SEE BELOW LIST309g
Alignment of clauses in Gn20-02 vs Gn12-11:13(Sarah=Abes sister)
==================================================================
========================= LIST309g ===============================
Alignment of clauses in Gn20-02 vs Gn12-11:13(Sarah=Abes sister)
==================================================================
VERSE ABRAHAM VERB*1 Sarah is sister
========== ======= ======= =======================================
Gn12-11:13 Abraham ASKED Sarah to say she was a sister
Gn20-02a Abraham SAID Sarah was his sister
NOTES
-----
*1 The 1st time: Abraham ASKED Sarah to say she was
his sister since he hoped the ruse would work.
The 2nd time: Sarah knew it would not work (Since she
was taken as a wife of the King) So Abraham forcibly
declared her his sister
==================================================================
====================== LIST309f ==================================
Alignment of clauses in Gn18-26--Forgive REGION for 10 in CITY
==================================================================
PHRASE#1 PHRASE#2
============== ===================================================
If I find IN SEDOM*1
50 people IN THE CITY*1
I will forgive THE WHOLE PLACE*1 for them
NOTES
-----
*1 Based on Gn14-02 we know that SEDOM & AMORAH were really 5
cities. Gn14-02 states
--------------------------------
- BERAH, KING OF SEDOM
- BRSHAH, King of AMORAH
- SHINAV, King of ADMAH
- SHEMAVER, King of TZVOIM
- TZOAR, King of BELA
--------------------------------
Apparently the region was a sort of Metropolis
- Sedom and Amorah were the TOWN CENTERS
- the other 3 cities were sort of resort villages
The situation is similar to HAWAII, the name of the
8 Hawaiian Islands (One city is Main)
So in the above ALIGNMENT God says
----------------------------------
- if I find 50 people in the main city
- I will forgive the entire Region
----------------------------------
[Still another proof of the CITY-METROPOLIS
is the use of the word WHOLE
-----------------------------------------------
I will forgive the WHOLE Region because of them
-----------------------------------------------]
==================================================================
========================= LIST690p =============================
List of People @ city justifying non-destruction
================================================================
# OF RIGHTEOUS PEOPLE NEEDED # CITIES # Per city
=============================== ========= ======================
50 5*1 10
45 5 9*2
40 4*3 10
30 3 10
20 2 10
10 1 10
NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi points out based on the explicit verse Gn14-02
that SEDOM and AMORAH were really a metropolis
of 5 cities--SEDOM,AMORAH,ADMAH,TZEVOIM,BELA
However SEDOM (& AMORAH) were the heavily
populated centers while the other 3 were
resort villages. Furthermore, SEDOM was the
town center. So the entire collection was
called SEDOM (Similarly the HAWAIIAN Islands
consist of 8 Islands but we call them HAWAII
based on the main Island)
*2 It was reasonable that if
- 10 people
- 9 people
were in the city that God would spare them.
But if only
- 8 people
were in the city than God would not spare
them just as God did not spare the world
for the sake of 8 people in Noach's time
(Noach+his 3 sons+their 4 wives=8---but
God only spared Noach's family and not the
whole world)
*3 40 would justify saving 4 cities (10 @ city)
but not sparing the 5th city.
================================================================
==================== LIST690a ==================================
List of Rashis using Spreadsheets/Algebra
================================================================
VERSE Item Spreadsheet is used for
============ ==================================================
gn18-24a.htm God spares 1 city for 10, 2 cities for 20,3 for 30
gn14-02a.htm Good for relationships: Revisit old Hotel spots
gn09-20c.htm Noah planted a vineyard---(He took VINES into ark)
gn09-20c.htm Ark door on SIDE--if on roof there could be leaks
gn09-20c.htm ARK SIDES COMPLETE UPWARD 1=sloping wall,1 ft roof
dt31-21b.htm POEM WILL BE REMEMBERED==>Torah ALWAYS REMEMBERED
dt31-21b.htm Place TORAH on side of ARK:SIDE=attachment/inside
dt28-02d.htm Geometrical identification of 1st fruit-Tie string
nu21-17a.htm Numerical illustration of eldest inheriting double
nu21-17a.htm Illustration of (A and B)==>C vs A==>(B==>C)
nu33-49a.htm Jewish camp from YESHIMOTH to SHITIM=12 sq mil
nu33-49a.htm Border descriptors: WILL BE, PASS, ROLL, ETCH,OUT
nu30-06b.htm Unknown vow annulment effects forgiveness of sin*2
nu26-54a.htm Israel divided a)Per PERSON b) Per DOLLAR of land
nu21-13b.htm Illustrate complex geometric border design
nu13-22b.htm Israel is superior of all lands
gn49-26d.htm your fathers blessings greater than my fathers
dt21-17a.htm How to give 1st-born double *1
ex38-24b.htm Computation of relative value of Biblical currency
nu03-39b.htm Accounting of Levite children
nu31-26a.htm Division of booty in war
gn05-32b.htm Computation of relative ages of Noachs children
gn25-20a.htm Proof that Rivkah was 15 when she married Isaac
NOTES
-----
*1 Many people are familiar with the concept of the
FORMULA PLUG IN. That is a problem is solved by a
formula which you plug into.
But some problems intrinsically cannot (initally)
be solved by a formula. Instead you have to
formulate the problem algebraically and solve;only
then do you have the formula.
In other words these problems are solved by
the EQUATION vs the FORMULA
Thus the statement that the eldest gets double
suggests the following model.
- Suppose the are B brothers
- Suppose 1 of them is eldest
- The Fathers total assets are T (Total)
- Let A be the amount each brother inherits
We have no formula for A
- Then each of the B-1 brothers obtains A
- The eldest obtains double, 2A.
- Together this exhausts the Fathers estate, T
Hence we have (B-1)A + 2A = (B+1)A = T
This gives rise to the formula A = T / (B+1)
An example is a father with 100,000 and 4 children
- T=100,000
- B=4
- So each child take T/(B+1) = 100000/5 = 20,000
- Eldest takes 2*20000=40000
- Other 3 take 20000
- Total distribution =3*20000+40000=100000
See Rambam Inheritance Chapter 2
*2
Rashi gives a clarifying example to the verse GOD FORGIVES HER
--------------------------------------------------------------
- the women vowed to become a nazarite
- the husband annuled her vow
- but the husband did not tell her about the annulment
- the women then violated her vow
-
- In such a case God forgives the women (despite her
intending to commit a sin) because of the unknown
annulment of her husband
-
- We conclude that sin is an attribute of ACTION,not INTENT
--------------------------------------------------------------
===============================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 27 Number 23
#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 27 Number 23