#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
-----------------------------------------------------------
| Rashi is Simple Version 2.0 |
| (C) RashiYomi Inc., Dr Hendel President |
| http://www.RashiYomi.Com |
| PERMISSION to reprint WITH this header if NOT for profit |
------------------------------------------------------------
VERSE: Gn23-04b
RASHIS COVERED: Gn23-04b Gn08-02b Gn23-06a Ex36-06a Gn24-20b Gn24-11a
===================== Gn23-04b ========================
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashi-s 5 primary goals is to indicate word
meaning the same way a dictionary does. In this
digest we review several vehicles of indicating
word meaning
EXAMPLE: A-Chu-Zath Ke-Ver = Burial Plot
----------------------------------------
- A-Chu-zah means PLOT OF LAND.
- Ke-ver means GRAVE
- Hence the phrase A-Chu-zath Kever=BURIAL PLOT
This etymology illustrates the method of NEW
MEANINGS of phrases.
EXAMPLE: KLA=To withold
-----------------------
KLA refers to a sheep PEN and hence can
refer to any closed-in area that prevents
access to the outside (like a human PRISON)
Finally it can mean as a verb to WITHOLD.
This is true whether the verb ends in Aleph
or hey. The meanings of KLA illustrate the
techniques of naming items by FUNCTION vs
FORM (eg PENTAGON vs UN)
EXAMPLE: S-K-H means to DRINK
-----------------------------
Hence S-K-H can also means, DRINKS,
the BAR TENDER, and an ANIMAL TROUGH
This illustrates the technique of
UNIFIED MEANING
EXAMPLE: B-R-C means KNEE
-------------------------
Hence B-R-C can also mean
- KNEEling (as in English!)
- POND (where one KNEEls for water)
- TO BLESS since a blessing lends a
knee to the recipient and facilitates
the persons journey on his path in life.
This illustrates the technique of UNIFIED
MEANING.
=======================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== ==============================
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST854d
List of Biblical 2-3 Word idioms
----------------------- -------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 8 METHODS OF NAMING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST815a
List of words Naming by FUNCTION/PURPOSE
----------------------- --------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS UNIFIED MEANING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST862g
List of meanings of Root B-R-C:Knee
----------------------- --------------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS UNIFIED MEANING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST862h
List of meanings of Root S-K-H:Drink
=======================================================
======================= LIST862h ======================
List of meanings of Root S-K-H: Drink
This root can mean DRINKS, BAR-TENDER, WATER TROUGHS
=======================================================
VERSE HEBREW WORD TEXT OF VERSE--MEANING of S-K-H
======== =========== ==================================
Gn24-20b S-K-Th Animal water trough
Gn40-05 Mskim Bar-Tender
Ho02-07 Shikooyay My oils and drinks
=======================================================
====================== LIST862g =======================
List of meanings of Root B-R-C: Knee
This root can mean KNEEL, POND, BLESS, KNEE
=======================================================
VERSE MEANING RELATIONSHIP to KNEE
======== =========== ==================================
Is45-23 KNEE KNEE
Is07-03 POND You KNEEl at pond to drink water
Gn24-11a ANIMAL REST Animals bend KNEES and lie down
Ru03-10 BLESSED FACILIATE motion on path in life*1
NOTES
-----
*1 (Rav Hirsch) The FUNCTION of the knee is to FACILITATE
motion. (THe function of the feet is to move--you can
move without knees but it is harder---the KNEES
facilitate movement). Hence the BLESSING is LENDING
A KNEE to the person -- that is, FACILITATING his
motion on his chosen path in life.
=======================================================
======================== LIST815a ====================================
Words named by function. Thus the PENTAGON is named by its
FORM (Looks like a PENTAGON) while the UNITED NATION is
named by its FUNCTION
=================================================================
# The function of NAME Relation to FUNCTION
==== =================== ============== =========================
(4) The function of UNITED NATIONS is to unite countries
(5) The function of LAWNMOWERS is to MOW your LAWN
(6) The function of HANGERS is to HANG clothing
(7) The function of PHOTOCOPIERS is to make COPIES*6
(8) The function of HEARing aids is to help you HEAR
(9) The function of TELeVISIONs is that it TELls VISION
(10) The function of CAN OPENERs is that it OPENS CANS
(11) The function of TYPEWRITERs is that it WRITES in TYPE
(13) The function of STANDs on which you STAND stings
------- --------------------- ------------------------
Gn08-02b The function of SHEEP PENS is TO WITHOLD going out*1
Gn23-06a The function of SHEEP PENS is TO WITHOLD going out*1
Ex36-06a The function of SHEEP PENS is TO WITHOLD going out*1
Gn24-11a The function of the KNEE is to BEND / KNEEL*2
NOTES
-----
*1 Hence the verses
------------------------------------------
Gn08-02b Rain was WITHELD from the heavens
Gn23-06a No person will WITHOLD their land from you
Ex36-06a The nation WITHELD further bringing
--------------------------------------------
*2 Hence the meanings of KNEELING and LIEING DOWN
=================================================================
======================= LIST854d ================================
A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY
=================================================================
VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
======== ======================= ===================== ==========
Gn23-04b PLOT OF GRAVE Burial Plot *12
Gn18-11b WAY OF WOMEN Having Periods *9
Ex13-10a FROM DAYS DAYS YEARLY *1
Dt17-11a LEFT AND RIGHT A LITTLE BIT *2
Ex21-21a DAY OR DAYS 24 hours
Dt22-17a Spread the Garment Prove your point *3 *4
Ex22-02a If Sun shines on him If it is Clear *4
Dt25-09a Spit IN FACE Spit TOWARDS HIM *5
Lv05-04a Swear by lips Verbally(Explicitly) *6
-------- ----------------------- --------------------- ---------
Lv16-21a TIMED person An APPOINTED person *8
Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE a slave AND Jewish *7
Lv13-39a DULL WHITE DULL WHITE
Lv23-40a GORGEOUS FRUIT Ethrog *10
-------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------
Ex28-08a Belt OF his AYPHOD Belt USED with AYPHOD *7
Ex28-31a the dress OF AYPHD Aypohd USED with DRES *7
Dt16-17a GIFT OF HIS HAND INCOME LEVEL *7 *4
Dt16-10a TAX OF DONATION OF HAND INCOME LEVEL *7 *4
Dt21-13a GARMENT OF CAPTIVITY Worn in war to seduce *7
NOTES
-----
*1 See LIST854e below for Biblical examples
*2 See LIST854c below for further Biblical examples
*3 Probably when people had a sexual fight (who did what)
they could SPREAD THE GARMENT to clearly prove their
point*10
*4 Many idioms in this list are examples of SYNECDOCHE,
the use of the (distinguished) PART to indicate the
WHOLE. Thus honey is a GOOD EXAMPLE of something
sweet, bread is a GOOD EXAMPLE of food, day(12
hours) is a GOOD EXAMPLE of the 24 hour period. Hence
almost all languages develop idioms: HONEY=SWEET,
BREAD=FOOD, DAY(12 HOURS)=DAY(24 HOURS).
Similarly in the above live SPEADING THE GARMENT
is a GOOD example of PROVING MATTERS (In sexual
disputes), the SUN SHINING is a good example of
CLARITY, GIFT OF HIS HAND is a good example of
a HIGH INCOME LEVEL.
*5 Cf However Lv15-08a Spit ON Him = Actually spit on him
The rule seems to be that SPIT ON HIM is literal
whereas SPIT ON FACE (use of FACE vs FULL PERSON) means
SPIT TOWARDS HIM
*6 eg If I am angry and mentally curse or if I
am angry and start ranting and raving without
however fully articulating everything on my mind
-- in these two cases I may have sworn IN MY MIND
but I have not sworn WITH MY LIPS (Explicitly)
*7 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE
vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH
Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean
- OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS)
- PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH)
- ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED
with Garment)
Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO
IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11
*8 For the relationship between TIME and DESIGNATION
cf the English APPOINT-APPOINTMENT
*9 Cf Gn31-35 for the sister phrase PATH OF WOMEN
which also refers to HAVING PERIODS
-------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ----------------
*10 (The following comes from my article PSHAT & DRASH
TRADITION Winter 1980)
We must distinguish between
- HOW we know what the idiom means
- WHY the idiom means this
HOW we know what the idiom means comes from USAGE
It can usually be inferred from context. Thus
the Biblical verses here state
when a person slanders his newly married
wife...then the womens parents shall sue
him and SPREAD THE GARMENT before the judges
-------------------------------------
Hence SPREAD the GARMENT is simply an idiom
for PROVING ONES POINT.
By contrast the question of WHY the idiom
means what it does is something more
speculative--maybe I am right that frequently
in sexual fights a SPREAD GARMENT proved a
point. But maybe I am wrong...in such a case
I am still sure about WHAT the idiom means.
I am just not sure about WHY it means this.
Another example occurs at Lv23-40a and Lv23-40b.
I am certain that the ETHROG was called the
GORGEOUS FRUIT but I am not quite sure why. Rashi
offers two explanations
EXPLANATION 1:
The ethrog is an EVERGREEN and DWELLS YEARLY
(This uses a pun on EVERGREEN=HADAR vs
HODOR=GORGEOUS)
EXPLANATION 2
-------------
The TREE and FRUIT taste the same; Hence
the tree is Gorgeous.
EXPLANATION 3
-------------
Rav Hirsch offers a 3rd explanation. Rav
Hirsch reviews botanical classifications and infers
that the Ethrog is one of the more advanced
fruits in the tree Kingdom.
I am still not sure WHY the phrase GORGEOUS
FRUIT means ETHROG but I am sure that this
phrase was used to denote the ETHROG
*11
Here is another example:
GARMENT OF CAPTIVITY does NOT mean
- the GARMENT she wore WHEN captured
(That is the GARMENT with the PROPERTY that
it was worn at the time of capture) but rather means
- the GARMENT she put on in case she is captured
(That is the garment ASSOCIATED with the
possibility of CAPTURE)
Rashi explains that non-jewish women would have
special garments they wore in case they were
captured during a war in order to seduce their
captors and prevent themselves from being murdered.
*12 The Hebrew word A-Chu-Zah by itself can refer to
a plot of land (without any additional words):
------------------------------------------------------
Cf Gn47-11 Gave them a PLOT
Cf Lv25-46 These slaves shall be a PLOT for inheritance
Cf Nu27-04 Give us please a PLOT among our brothers
------------------------------------------------------
=========================================================
---------------------------------------------------
WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
However they frequently contain additional information & lists
The hyperlinks only work on the main website
Volume 19 Number 17
#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
Volume 19 Number 17