#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2006, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
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VERSE: Gn23-13b

RASHIS COVERED: Gn23-13b Gn31-24a Gn14-14a
                Gn31-26a Gn24-20a Gn31-36a

============================ Gn31-13b ===========================

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is to give the meaning of
words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We
call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING.

All languages allow words to acquire
NEW MEANINGS. Rashi frequently used a
universal principle of all languages---METONOMY.
METONOMY refers to the capacity to name an item
by a related item (such as naming a PEOPLE, Americans,
by the LAND they live in, America)

An special case of METONOMY is naming an object by
- its FORM (e.g. the PENTAGON)
- its FUNCTION (e.g. the UNITED NATIONS)
- its FEEL (e.g. HARDship)

A special use of METONOMY is naming the WHOLE
by the PART (or the PART by the WHOLE). Some
typical examples include
- EXEMPLARY EXAMPLES: e.g. HONEY means anything SWEET
- WHOLE-PART: e.g. Gave HAND in marriage
             (But whole person marries)

EXAMPLE 1: Gn23-13b
--------------------
In Gn23-13b Ephron brags about how
he wants to sell his field to Abraham
for a burial plot
---------------------------------------
And Ephron said: It is DONE (I GAVE you
the field)
----------------------------------------

RASHI
----------------------------------
Same as the English idiom CONSIDER IT DONE
It means nothing more has to be done on
your part and it will be taken care of.
----------------------------------

Here Rashi uses the GOOD/BEST EXAMPLE method
of naming since a GOOD EXAMPLE of no-further-work
needed is when it is already DONE.

EXAMPLE 2: Gn31-24a
-------------------
At Gn31-24 God appeared to Laban and said
--------------------------------------
Don't speak to Jacob FROM GOOD TO BAD
--------------------------------------

Rashi explains the CAPPED phrase, GOOD OR BAD
--------------------------------------------
GOOD OR BAD means ANYTHING. God told Laban
not to say ANYTHING (favors or threats) to Jacob
--------------------------------------------

This is similar to the Hebrew Idiom
-----------------------------------
Not from your STING or HONEY
-----------------------------------

Here Rashi uses SYNECHDOCHE since
GOOD or BAD or GOOD examples (or EXTREMES)
of SAYING THINGS to a person.

EXAMPLE 3: Gn31-26a
-------------------
Laban at Gn31-26 complains to Jacob
------------------------------------
Why did you treat my daughters
like CAPTIVES OF THE SWORD
------------------------------------

Rashi explains the capped phrase
----------------------------------
CAPTIVES OF THE SWORD means
CAPTIVES OF WAR
----------------------------------

Here Rashi uses the SYNECHDOCHE/GOOD EXAMPLE
method since CAPTIVES OF THE SWORD is
a GOOD EXAMPLE of CAPTIVES OF WAR

This is similar to the English idiom
BATH-ROOM. Not every BATH-ROOM has a BATH
Some just have TOILET facilities. But a
BEST EXAMPLE of a BATHROOM is a ROOM WITH
TOILETS and BATHS.


EXAMPLES 4,5: Gn24-20a Gn14-14a
-------------------------------
Gn24-20a and Gn14-14a introduce
two idioms for RAPID UNLOADING.
The two idioms use the
two techniques of
- APPEARANCE (Something unloaded is NAKED)
- APPEARANCE (When you pull your sword
              you EMPTY the quiver)

Hence the two Rashis
----------------------------------------
- They EMPTIED THEIR SWORDS simply means
  they quicly unloaded them from their quivers

- She NAKEDED HER WATER PITCHER means she
  COMPLETELY EMPTIED it
-----------------------------------------

Here Rashi uses the techniques of NAMING BY
FORM/APPEARANCE. Although Rashi DOES give other
verses with similar usages we feel that this
is SUPPORTIVE evidence but not necessary since
EVERY language has the right to coin new terms
based on FORM.

Finally note that EMPTIED THE SWORD is a
METONOMY. You don't EMPTY the SWORD but
rather EMPTY THE QUIVER (From the sword).
However METONOMY allows confusing the
QUIVER with the related SWORD.

EXAMPLE 6: Gn31-36a
-------------------
Jacob, at Gn31-36 asks Laban
who had PURSUED him after Jacob fled
--------------------------
Why did you BURN after me
--------------------------

Rashi comments
---------------------
BURN means to PURSUE
---------------------

Here Rashi uses the method of naming
by ACTIVITY FORM since a SPREADING
FIRE resembles in form a PURSUING POSSY.

Again: Although there are other verses
to support Rashi's contention we believe
the main driving force of his comment
is the universal feature of all languages
to NAME BY FORM. The other verses are
consequently only supportive.

LIST871z presents these and
other IDIOMS based on metonomy, synechdoche, and FFF.
==================================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW                LIST871z
List of idioms using     METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
==================================================================

========================= LIST871z =============================
List of idioms using METONOMY/SYNECHDOCHE(Meaning by relation)
LIST871z continues LIST871d LIST871c LIST871b LIST871a
================================================================
VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE  METONOMY                 METHOD USED
======== ============== ======================== ===============
Dt22-06b Mother ON eggs NESTING mother           METONOMY
Dt28-67a WHO WILL GIVE  Oh I WISH(someone gives) METONOMY
Dt28-67b WHO WILL GIVE  Oh I WISH(someone gives) METONOMY
Dt28-47a ALOT OF ALL    Sufficiency              METONOMY
Dt28-07b SEVEN paths    MANY paths               METONOMY
Dt04-32b 1 END OF HEAVN NATIONS at HORIZON       METONOMY*14
Dt04-08a RIGHTEOUS laws ...done by the RIGHTEOUS METONOMY
-------  -------------  -----------------------  ------------
Lv02-11a HONEY          SWEET*1                  SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv21-21c BREAD          FOOD*1                   SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu08-02c Candellabrah   Central Staff            SYNECHDOCHE*1
Nu09-15a Tent Tablets   Whole Temple*11          SYNECHDOCHE*1
Ex31-21c Tent Tablets   Whole Temple*11          SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03a Egyptian-like  Sexually perverse*10     SYNECHDOCHE*1
Lv18-03b CanaaniteLike  Sexually perverse*10     SYNECHDOCHE*1
Gn31-26a SWORD captives WAR captives             SYNECHDOCHE*1
Gn31-24a GOOD or BAD    Anything                 SYNECHDOCHE*1
Gn23-13b IT IS DONE     All preparations done    SYNECHDOCHE*1
-------  -------------  -----------------------  ------------
Nu14-09b Our Bread      Piece of cake(Easy)      Metonomy*2
Nu10-31d Our eyes       Gleam of our eye(Good)   Metonomy*2
Nu14-11a Till WHERE     Till WHEN*4              Metonomy*2
Lv18-09b OUT BIRTH      OUT of WEDLOCK           Metonomy*2
Nu11-20c Out of nose    disgusted*12             Metonomy*2
Nu09-20b Numbered days  Small number of days     Metonomy*2
-------  -------------  -----------------------  ------------
Nu08-16b SproutFromWomb birth*13                 FFF-Form*3
Nu20-22b Mount Mountain Mount on top of mountain FFF-Form*3
-------- Pentagon       Pentagon Institution     FFF-Form*3
Gn30-39b ANKEL sheep    have weird looking ankl  FFF-Form*3
Gn24-20a NAKED pitcher  spilled it empty         FFF-Form*3
Gn14-14a EMPTIED swords emptied quiver from swrd FFF-Form*3
Gn31-36a BURN after me  PURSUE rapidly after me  FFF-Form*3
-------  -------------  -----------------------  ------------
-------- U.N.           Function=unite nations   FFF-Function*3
Nu04-14c Barren         Sweep clean              FFF-Function*3
Gn31-13b annoint altar  Recognize importance     FFF-Function
Gn31-16b save money     Save from employer       FFF-Form-Feel*5
Nu04-14a Frighteners    Coal rakers              FFF-Feeling*3

NOTES
-----
*1 An example of SYNECHDOCHE--naming the whole
   by the part

*2 An example of METONOMY--naming by something
   related

*3 An example of naming by either
   - Form (eg Pentagon)
    - Function (e.g UN)
   - Feel (e.g. Hardship)
   We call this the FFF rule.

*4 RULE
   ----
   * ALeph nun hey = WHERE
   * UNTIL Aleph Nun Hey= until WHEN

*5 SAVING MONEY FROM A BAD EMPLOYER has the
   same FORM as SAVING MONEY FROM BANDITS (The money
   is TRANSFERRED FROM one domain TO another)

   SAVING MONEY FROM A BAD EMPLOYER also has the
   same FEEL of overcoming resistance as SAVING
   MONEY FROM BANDITS

--------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES --------------

*10 Rashi:
   -----------------------------------------------
   Since generally sexually-perverse acts are
   called EGYPTIAN-LIKE and CANAANITE LIKE we infer
   that EGYPT and CANAAN were exemplary in sexual
   perversity.
   -----------------------------------------------

   Here Rashi uses the SYNECHDOCHE principle to
   explain the reason for naming sexual perversity
   as EGYPT-LIKE and CANAANITE-LIKE.

*11 For reasons of space we have abbreviated.
    Nu09-15c literally translated states
    -----------------------------
    SANCTUARY FOR TENT OF TABLETS
    -----------------------------

    Ex31-21c literally translated states
    --------------------------------
    The Sanctuary of Tablets
    --------------------------------


    The following terms all refer to the Temple
    --------------------------------------------
    * Sanctuary
    * Sanctuary of Tablets
    * Sanctuary for the Tent of Tablets
    * Sanctuary of the tent of Meeting
    --------------------------------------------
    While Rashi explains the details
    of some of these terms it seems
    reasonable to simply view them
    all as IDIOMS. Some further comments on
    the terms are presented below.

    Technically the literal Hebrew term is
    --------------------------------------
    * Sanctuary of TESTIMONY
    --------------------------------------

    However the TABLETS with the 10
    COMMANDMENTS are called the TESTIMONY
    (See Ex31-18 or Ex25-16)Hence we have
    translated this phrase as the
    -------------------------------
    * Sanctuary of Tablets
    -------------------------------

    The temple is called the
    ---------------------------------
    * Sanctuary of Meeting
    ---------------------------------
    because God designates the Temple
    as a meeting place for Prophecy
    (Cf. Ex25-22)

*12 The verse states
    ----------------------------
    until it comes out of your nose
    and becomes strange
    ----------------------------

    Rashi translates the whole item as meaning
    DISGUSTING. Clearly this is an example of
    NEW MEANINGS.

*13 Here are a few uses of Pay-Tet-Resh
    ---------------------------------------
    * SPROUTING buds (SPROUTING) 1K06-19
    ---------------------------------------
    * SPROUTING(Leaving) from before King (1S19-10)
    * SPROUTING (releasing) water (Pr17-14)
    * SPROUTING from Womb (Nu08-16)
    ---------------------------------------
    We clearly have here a naming by FORM.

*14 Rashi gives an alternative explanation
    ---------------------------------------
    This refers to Adam whose stature extended
    from ONE OF HEAVEN TO THE OTHER
    ---------------------------------------

    Rashi here unifies both parts of the verse
    ------------------------------------------
    - go back in history to ask
    - ask Adam
    ------------------------------------------

    The statement that ADAM's stature extended
    from one of heaven to the other simply meant
    that ADAM like NOACH and ABRAHAM unified the
    whole world. We metaphorically indicate the
    impact of such people by using words like
    GREAT, BIG. The statement
    -------------------------------------------
    Adam's stature extended from one end of the
    world to the other
    --------------------------------------------
    simply means that
    --------------------------------------------
    Adam's influence extended from one end of
    the world to the other since he unified the
    world
    --------------------------------------------

    Here again Rashi identifies a PERSON with
    the LOCATIONS of his REIGN.
=========================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 31 Number 15


#*#*#*#  (C) 2000-2006, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 31 Number 15