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VERSE: Gn43-03a

RASHIS COVERED: Gn43-03a Ex21-29b

============ AYIN-VUV-DALET uses RARE CONJUGATION ==============

BACKGROUND
----------
It is well known that Hebrew comes from 3 letter roots. Each
root is assigned a meaning. The roots can undergo conjugation
which assigns different nuances to the meanings.

THE TEXT
--------
We deal with the root Ayin-Vuv-Dalet which is a rare grammatical
form. The root also has 2 meanings complicating matters further

REFERENCE
---------
These lists were built on lists at
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/ex21-29b.htm

THE LIST
--------
The second list gives Biblical examples of verses with
the meaning of AYD:

- The noun form means WITNESS
- the VERB form USUALLY means WARN
- A Rarer VERB form means TESTIFY or TO WITNESS

Note that in Jewish law witnesses were required to WARN a
person committing a crime. Thus WARN & TESTIFY are two
parts of the same procedure.

The First list shows that the passive, past, 3rd person,
singular male conjugation in the passive-causative mode
occurs only 4 times in the Bible with 1-Vav-3 roots(This
is the form in Ex21-29b). Similarly the past causative
mode (Gn43-03a) occurs less than 2 dozen times *1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
---------------
I used the Grammatical-Form-Konkordance recently published
by Al Silberman. Looking up Form 1729 we find the following
list of ALL verbs in the passive-causative,past,3rd person*1
=================================================================
ROOT            VERSE     PASSIVE-CAUSATIVE MEANING
=============== ========= =======================================
Yud-Caph-Cheth  Job33-19  And he was  rebuked   (by someone else)
Yud-Resh-Dalet  Nu10-17   And it was  taken down(by someone else)
Caph-Vuv-Nun    Isa16-05  And it will be founded(by grace)
Ayin-Vuv-Dalet  Ex21-29   And it was  warned    (by someone else)

NOTES
-----
*1 Form #3278 has 18 examples of the first person, past,
   masculine, 3rd person in the causative mode. Some Biblical
   examples occur at Ex09-20, Ex35-22, Gn04-04, Nu30-06,
   Gn14-16,Nu30-15,Dt11-04
   --------------------------------------------------------
   For example Gn04-04 And Hevel also BROUGHT sacrifices
   --------------------------------------------------------
   where the word brought means HE(Masculine), CAUSED(Past-
   causative) to COME.
=================================================================


======================= AYD means WARN|TESTIFY ==================

 In LIST 1 above we have seen that AYD is CONJUGATION in a rare
 form. In this list we see that AYD evokes further confusion in
 that it has several MEANINGS.

=================================================================
VERSE   TEXT OF VERSE-MEANING OF ayd IS capped           MEAING
=====   ================================================ ========
Gn43-03 The person WARNED us not to come without Benjy*1     WARN
Jer6-10 Who can I WARN                                       WARN
Dt04-26 I-ve WARNED you with punishment from heaven...*2     WARN
Is55-04 I have made him a WARNING to the nations             WARN
Ex21-29 And they will WARN him (about his OX)                WARN
1R21-10 And sit 2 people to WITNESS-TESTIFY against him   TESTIFY
J432-44 Write it down and have WITNESSES WITNESS          TESTIFY
Nu35-30 By WITNESSES with a murderer be killed            TESTIFY


NOTES
=====
*1 This verse was cited by Rashi as well as Radack

*2 Some commentaries interpret this using the meaning WITNESSES
   rather than WARN. That is they translate
   ----------------------------------------------------
   I have made heaven and earth WITNESSES against you
   ----------------------------------------------------
=================================================================

RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMARr
---------------------------------------------------
WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
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Volume 12 Number 11


#*#*#*#*#  (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#