Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2003 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 17 Number 1 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h17n1.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Feb 14th, 2003 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
Rashi-Radack | A charming apparent controversy resolved |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Ex32-02b | GRAMMARr | Conjugate UNLOAD: INTERACTIVE,COMMAND | |
Ex32-03c | GRAMMARr | Conjugate UNLOAD: INTERACTIVE,COMMAND | |
Ex31-03a | WORD MEANINGS | WISE=Knowledge;UNDERSTAND=Analysis... | |
Ex31-03b | WORD MEANINGS | WISE=Knowledge;UNDERSTAND=Analysis... | |
Ex31-03c | WORD MEANINGS | WISE=Knowledge;UNDERSTAND=Analysis... | |
Ex32-03b | GRAMMARr | ETH can mean FROM | |
Ex09-29a | GRAMMARr | ETH can mean FROM | |
Gn49-25b | GRAMMARr | ETH can mean FROM | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex32-02b
RASHIS COVERED: Ex32-03c Ex32-02b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain grammar the same way modern Hebrew grammar books explain grammar. A particular focus of grammar is the conjugation of verbs. Conjugation rules follow standard tables. My favorite table is the appendix to the Ibn Shoshan dictionary EXAMPLE: Ex32-03c ----------------- The Root Pay-Resh-Kufh means to UNLOAD. The HITPAEL form (as shown in the list below) refers to INTERACTIVE activity. TO INTERACTIVELY UNLOAD would refer to a communal effort of unloading. By Table 1, the interactive tense of the HITPAEL is YITHPARAKU*1 EXAMPLE: Ex32-02b ----------------- The root Pay-Resh-Kufh means TO UNLOAD. According to Ibn Shoshan Table 1, the command form -- UNLOAD -- is conjugated PARKU.*2 | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | CONJUGATION | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
------------------------ | -------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST703a | |
Lists of verses with | HITPAEL meaning INTERACTIV | |
------------------------ | -------------------------- | |
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*1 Actually Ibn Shoshan gives YiThPaKKeDu with a PATACH But YiThPaRaKu has a KAMATZ. The patach changed from a PATACH to a KAMATZ because the adjacent RESH cannot take a DAGESH *2 Rashi brought the COMMAND conjugation despite it being well known because the SAME root is conjugated in the HITPAEL. Hence Rashi explains that the root is conjugated twice (within 2 verses): Once in the command and once in the interactive. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
According to Rashi the HITPAEL means the INTERACTIVE. Several examples of roots in the HITPAEL, meaning the INTERACTIVE, are presented below.*10 | ||||
VERSE | ROOT | MEANING | INTERACTIVE MEANING | |
Dt22-01a | Ayin-Lamed-Mem | OVERLOOK | AVOID | |
Gn26-20a | Ayin-Shin-Kuf | WITHOLD WAGES | BICKER ABOUT PROPERTY*1 | |
Gn26-20b | Ayin-Shin-Kuf | WITHOLD WAGES | BICKER ABOUT PROPERTY*1 | |
Ex08-05a | Pay-Aleph-Resh | GLORIFY/BRAG | CHALLENGE*2 | |
Gn06-09c | Hey-Lamed-Caph | TO WALK | TO WALK WITH SOMEONE*3 | |
Dt01-21a | Aleph-Nun-Pay | ANGER*4 | PICKY & ANGRY*5 | |
Dt04-37a | Aleph-Nun-Pay | ANGER*4 | PICKY & ANGRY*5 | |
Nu11-18a | Kuf-Dalet-Shin | PREPARE | COMMUNAL PREPARATION*6 | |
Ex10-02a | AYIN-LAMED-LAMED | HARASS*7 | TO SPORT*8 | |
Nu22-29a | AYIN-LAMED-LAMED | HARASS*7 | TO SPORT*8 | |
Dt29-18a | Bet-Resh-Caph | to BLESS | Interactive blessing*9 | |
Gn26-04a | Bet-Resh-Caph | to BLESS | Interactive blessing*9 | |
Ex32-03c | Pay-Resh-Kuf | to UNLOAD | Communal unloading | |
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*1 Hence Gn26-20a "And they BICKERED with him about the ownership" *2 The Hitpael form means to CHALLENGE (that is to BRAG thru interacting with someone else. Here is the Rashi). Ex08-05a Moses said to Pharoh...'you want the frogs removed ...well pick an exact time for their removal and if my God doesn't remove them by then you can brag how you outsmarted me' *3 The hitpael form means --ie TO WALK WITH SOMEONE*3 to FOLLOW HIS WAYS (eg so when used with God it means to follow a Godly life--(Rashi further distinguished between WALK TO and WALK OF...but we have explained this on Gn06-09c) *4 See Isa12-1,Ps2-12 for verses that show that A-N-F means anger *5 That is, you get picky on everything the person does--you allow, the person you are angry with, no way out---every attempt at apology is met with more anger (So you are INTERACTIVELY angry) *6 The Hitpael form would mean to INTERACTIVELY PREPARE---TO PREPARE AS A COMMUNITY. Thus on Nu11-18a Rashi says to the community, "Prepare yourself for Gods punishment for the way you have complained" Note that this root can also, besides meaning to prepare, can also mean to DESIGNATE (as e.g. designating an animal for a sacrifice) *7 The original meaning of the root is to prune grapes from a vine. Hence in the Kal Mode it can also mean to HARASS To eg continuously bicker away at somebody till he gives in. The clearest proof of this is Jer6-9 "And they will HARASS (Ayin-Lamed-Lamed) away at the Jews the way a grape-vine is pruned (Ayin-Lamed-Lamed)" *8 In the hitpael mode Ayin-Lamed-Lamed would mean to interactively harass---I guess the closest meaning would be 'to sport' with someone. The difference between HARASS and SPORT is that in HARASS you just want to eat away at someone. By contrast, when you SPORT with someone you don't just harass someone but you also provoke them into fighting with you. Rashi actually brings Lam1-12 and Lam1-22 to vs Ex10-02 Jud19-25 Nu22-29a to support this distinction. Thus Jud19-25 should be translated THEY SPORTED WITH HER ALL NIGHT (vs they HARASSED HER ALL NIGHT) *9 Rashi gives the following example eg When a father wishes to bless his son or friend he will say 'May you be blessed like Abraham' Similarly in Dt29-18a we could interpret it as The person who sins fancies himself as a blessing to his people; he thinks he is a leader leading them to peace.' COMMENT: Note how this intepretation answers the question in Rashi on Dt29-28a: The NATION is punished for the deeds of the INDIVIDUAL because the NATION INTERACTED WITH him and put up with him See a similar theological Rashi on Lv20-05 | ||||
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*10 There are 3 other theories on the meaning of the hitpael The most popular is that hitpael means REFLEXIVE. I think the verses above prove Rashi correct. |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex31-03a
RASHIS COVERED: Ex31-03a Ex31-03b Ex31-03c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain word meanings the same way a dictionary does. There are a variety of vehicles by which Rashi explains word meanings. One particular vehicle is the clarification of synonym nuances. Three words might have almost the same meaning-- but Rashi shows the particular nuances of each one. EXAMPLE ------- - Caph-Chet-Mem means KNOWLEDGE (Gathered information) - Beth-Yud-Nun means ANALYSiS (Inference of new items) - Yud-Daleth-AYin means INTUITION(Familiarity with things) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | CONJUGATION | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
------------------------ | ----------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST950a | |
Lists of roots | meaning SMART | |
------------------------ | ----------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST950b | |
Lists of roots | where MEM means ALOT | |
------------------------ | ----------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST950c | |
Lists of verses with | Yud-Dalet-Ayin meaning KNOW | |
------------------------ | ----------------------------- |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
We present 3 words meaning SMART - C-X-M means KNOWLEDGEABLE - N-V-N means ANALYTIC - Y-D-A means INTUITIVE | |||
ROOT | MEANS | ACQUIRES KNOWLEDGE VIA.. | |
Chet Caph Mem | Knowledgeable | Transmission | |
Beth-Yud-Nun | Analytic | Inference*1 | |
Dalet-Ayin-Tv | Intuitive | Familiarity | |
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*1 We do not have a separate list on NBN. Rather we infer its meaning from its root Beth-Yud-Nun which means INBETWEEN. The process of analysis is to identify MEDIATING VARIABLES THAT CONNECT and LIE BETWEEN DATA AND INFERENCES |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
We have frequently explained that Rashi believed that conjugation of verbs was 3 letter in nature while meaning is 2 letter in nature. The meaning of every 3 letter root can be derived by breaking up the root into a two letter and one letter root (The conjugation is then 3 letter in nature) Here is a simple example: - Ceth-Caph means PALATE - MEM means HOW MUCH - - Hence Ceth-Caph-Mem means HOW PALATABLE and refers to a punchy aphorism (WIsdom!!!) Here is the list *1 | ||||
ROOT | MEANS | MEM means | 2 LETTERS | |
Ceth Caph Mem | Wisdom Aphorism | How | Palatable | |
Mem Aleph Hey | 100 | How many | people*2 | |
Mem Gimel Dalt | Sumptuous | How | sweet | |
Mem Resh Aleph | Plump | How much | to see | |
Mem Resh Tzade | Proper/deserved | How | acceptable | |
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*1 The letter MEM has other meanings such as - SOURCE/FROM - PLACE We are only giving a snapshot of one meaning *2 The letter ALEPH means THINGS or PEOPLE |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
The root Yud-Dalet-Ayin is normally translated as KNOW. Actually however it means FAMILIARITY or APPRECIATION. Thus a relative is called a FAMILIAR Similarly marital relations is called BEING FAMILIAR In Ex31-03 Yud-Dalet-Ayin means INTUITION which fundamentally refers to FAMILIARITY with a situation that allows you to have a gut feelings on certain matters. | |||
# | VERSE | Text of Verse with meaning YDA in CAPS | |
1 | Ex18-11a | Now I APPRECIATE that God is greater than all gods | |
2 | Gn18-19a | I'll FAMILIARIZE Abraham about Sedom & Gmarrah | |
3 | Dt29-03a | God didn't give you a heart to be FAMILIAR(with him) | |
4 | Dt34-10a | A prophet ... that God was FAMILIAR with face to face | |
5 | Gn12-11a | & Abraham said to Sarah 'I APPRECIATE you are beautiful' | |
6 | Gn42-23a | they didn't APPRECIATE that Joseph was listnening | |
7 | Ex01-08b | ..a new (Egyptian King) who wasn't FAMILIAR with Joseph | |
8 | Ex16-06b | And you will APPRECIATE that God took you out of Egypt | |
9 | Gn19-05a | Send the men out and we will be FAMILIAR them | |
10 | Ex02-25a | God heard their screams and God APPRECIATED them | |
11 | Ex03-07a | for I APPRECIATE their suffering | |
12 | Gn22-12c | Now I APPRECIATE that you are God fearing | |
13 | Nu11-16b | Take people FAMILIAR TO YOU and make them are leaders | |
14 | Ex31-03 | Bezalayl was INTELLECTUALLY FAMILIAR with building*1 | |
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*1 Equivalantly: Bezalayl had an INTUITION about building |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex32-03b
RASHIS COVERED: Ex32-03b Ex09-29a Gn49-25b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain grammar the same way modern Hebrew textbooks explain grammar One function of grammar is to identify SPECIAL WORDS such as WITH, OF, FROM etc. These connective words occur frequently and connect sentence fragments with meaning. Many of these connective words frequently change meaning. Thus the Hebrew word ETH which loosely transated means OF can also mean FROM | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | SPECIAL WORDS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
------------------------ | ----------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST005a | |
Lists of verses with | ETH meaning FROM | |
------------------------ | ----------------------------- |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
We present several verses where ETH means FROM | ||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE WITH eth TRANSLATED as FROM | |
Ex09-29a | When I leave FROM the city | |
Gn44-04 | As they left FROM The city | |
Gn41-08 | And no one FROM THEM explained the dream | |
Ex32-03b | They unloaded FROM the earing of their wives | |
Gn49-25b | From God: He helps: FROM Almighty: He blesses*10 | |
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*10 What a charming Rashi-Radack Controversy. Radack in his delightful book ROOTS clearly gives this as an example where ETH means FROM. Rashi in his commentary SEEMS to say the opposite ------------------------------------------------ You followed Gods laws and were WITH GOD...hence God blessed you ------------------------------------------------ Does Rashi then think ETH means WITH here? It appears so. But Radack has an OVERPOWERING argument. ALIGNMENT! --------------------------------------------- FROM the God of your Father: He helped you FROM the Almighty----------: He blessed you --------------------------------------------- Radack correctly argues that the two FROMS are parallel--hence we have to interpret ETH as meaning FROM. Rashi CAN NOT get out of this. Ah...but Rashi was not trying to. Rashi was commenting on the fact that one stanza speaks about the GOD OF YOUR FATHER while the other speaks about GOD (And leaves out the phrase OF YOUR FATHER) Hence Rashi-is-Simple: Joseph did NOT rely on his ancestral merit--rather Joseph relied on HIS God--his own observance (abstaining from his bosses wifes overture) earned him the blessing |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#