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               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 17 Number 15
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       WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEM WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
Passover Check out http://www.Rashiyomi.com/pa.htm
ENGLISH RASHI Complete ONLINE English Bible and Rashi
COMMENTS
*1 Want a COMPLETE FREE ONLINE Rashi and Bible
Visit  http://www.tachash.org/aish/parsha60.html

I plan during Passover to hyperlink all my verse
citations to this site so that people can read the
actual text of Rashi and the Bible should they want to.

PLEASE EMAIL ME IF YOU LIKE THIS IDEA OR WANT A
MODIFICATION (EG HYperlink to HEBREW BIBLICAL TEXT)
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =======================================
Lv17-16b ALIGNMENT 4 chapters in Lv17
Lv17-08a ALIGNMENT 4 chapters in Lv17
Lv17-15a ALIGNMENT 4 chapters in Lv17
Lv19-07a WORD MEANINGS PGL(rotted)=FORM(pay) of DUNG(GLL)
Lv18-06a GRAMMARr EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around
Lv07-02a GRAMMARr EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around
Lv01-02h GRAMMARr EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around
Lv01-02i GRAMMARr EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around
Gn49-28c GRAMMARr EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around
Lv19-03a GRAMMARr EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Lv17-16b
RASHIS COVERED: Lv17-16b Lv17-08a Lv17-15a
Lv17-16b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Many Rashis are basic, explaining MEANING or GRAMMAR
However some Rashis are based on comparisons with
other verses. When several similar verses are
ALIGNED, the minor differences in these verses
suggest new laws.

EXAMPLE
-------
The 4 chapters in Lv17 give several illustrations
of this rule. As the simplest example the introduction
-- ANY JEW
-- ANY JEW
-- ANY JEW
-- ANY SOUL
clearly shows a contrast. Rashi suggests that ANY SOUL
includes the obligation to admonish minors. Other
examples are compactly exhibited in the list below
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: ALIGNMENT
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NUANCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #11
SEE BELOW LIST305a
Alignment of paragraphs in Lv17
LIST305a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


Alignment of the 4 paragraphs in Lv17.
The 3 differences shown below in the alignment
suggest nuances.*11

VERSE INTRO ACTIVITY INVOLVED PUNISHMENT
Lv17-03 Any Jew who SLAUGHTERS... CUT OFF
Lv17-08 Any Jew who OFFERS ... CUT OFF
Lv17-13 Any Jew who HUNTS ... CUT OFF
Lv17-15 Any SOUL who EATS CARCASS.... BEARS SIN
Differs *1 *2 *3
COMMENTS
*1 Any JEW vs Any SOUL implies
that minors (SOUL) should be admonished not to
do these activities

*2 These paragraphs deal with prohibited activities
- SLAUGHTERING a sacrifice outside temple situation
- OFFERING the sacrifice organs outside temple
- HUNTED ANIMALS (With proper slaughtering) must
have their blood buried in the ground. People
eating blood are cut off from their people
- eating a carcass (Non-ritually slaughtered)

*3 BEARS SIN sounds LIGHTER than CUT OFF
- CUT OFF means EXTINCTION and HELL
- BEARS SIN means either
---- CUT OFF or
---- LASHES *10

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashi points out (by cross referencing other verses)
that
-- not immersing (and eating) has a cutoff punishment
(eg Compare Lv23-01:09 (particularly Lv23-08:09)

-- it follows (FROM THE ALIGNMENT)
that if he merely did not immerse
his ritually impure garments he would only
be liable to lashes

Note that Lv23 gives the prohibitions of dealing
with temple items while in impurity. All prohibitions
are AT LEAST punishable by lashes. When the Bible
explicitly says so the punishment may be stronger
(CUTOFF)

So....the CUTOFF punishment is mentioned by
non-immersion of one self but not mentioned
by immersion of clothes. Hence the Rashi

(We have only dealt with sentence structure---
Rashis further technical comments on this verse
will be discussed in an other issue)

*11 Technically we are using the BULLET method of
indicating paragraphs.

Recall that this method suggests that the
Bible indicates PARAGRAPHING by skillful
use of repeated phrases. Hence the phrase
ANY JEW which occurs 3 times introduces
3 paragraphs in Lv17. More details can
be obtained by studying the above list.
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Lv19-07a
Lv19-07a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Recall that Hebrew consists of Hebrew roots with 3
letters. These roots are conjugated in various forms

Rashi additionally believed in a 2 letter meaning
theory. That is, while GRAMMATICAL CONJUGATION rules
apply to 3 letter roots, nevertheless, MEANING rules
apply to TWO LETTER roots. That is the meaning of
every 3 letter root is derived from the meaning of
its constituent letters.

EXAMPLE
-------
Pay-Gimel-Lamed MEANS Rotted

- Pay according to Rashi MEANS form
- Gimel-Lamed MEANS dung

Hence we have the poetic equation that

- ROT = FORM of DUNG

Cute!
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: 2 LETTER THEORY
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST911a
Words illustrating 2 letter semantic roots
LIST911a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


List of 3 Letter Hebrew roots whose meaning is derived
from the following one letter meaning
-------------------------
The Hebrew PAY means FORM
-------------------------
For example HAMMARING(PTSh) is an activity that has the
FORM(P) of FLYING (TSh)
HEBREW ROOT MEANS Eq PAY LAST 2 LETTERS MEAN
Pay-Tet-Shin HAMMAR = FORM of FLYING(Tet-Shin)
Pay-Aleph-Hey BORDER = FORM of ISLAND(Aleph-Yud)
Pay-Aleph-Resh LUSTRE = FORM of LIGHT(ALeph-Resh)
Pay-Gimel-Lamed ROTTED = FORM of DUNG (Gimel-Lamed)
Pay-Gimel-Ayin MEET = FORM of TOUCHING(Nun-Gimel-Ayin)
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Lv18-06a
RASHIS COVERD: Lv07-02a Lv01-02h Lv01-02i Gn49-28c
Lv18-06a Lv19-03a
Lv18-06a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain the
rules of Grammar the same way Hebrew grammar
books explain grammar.

One important focus of grammar is the
plural-singular principles. Many people naively
believe that every sentence must be ALL singular
or ALL plural. In fact combining SINGULAR with
PLURAL is very common in sentences.

A variety of examples and rules are presented
below.  Here are some simple guidelines and
examples

RULE 1
------
SINGULR(V) SINGULAR(S)--eg EACH PERSON HE MOUNTS

-- SINGULAR SINGULAR is used to indicate NO
commonality (Every person does it his own way)

EXAMPLE
-------
After Benjamin was caught, each of Jacobs sons,
HE MOUNTED HIS DONKEY

(RASHI: They were so upset they mounted
individually without helping each other)


RULE 2
------
PLURAL(V) SINGULAR(S) SINGULAR(DO)-eg
-- each person THEY RETURN to HIS inheritance

PLURAL SINGULAR SINGULAR indicates
---- a COMMON act
---- but INDIVIDUALLY done

EXAMPLE
-------
So the JUBILEE year is a COMMON free-er
of all slaves (PLURAL: THEY RETURN). But
each person goes back to HIS individual
inheritance.

RULE 3
------
PLURAL(V) PLURAL (S)--eg THEY offer THEIR sacrifices

PLURAL PLURAL indicates a COMMUNAL act done
by the community as a whole.

EXAMPLE
--------
So SINGULAR (HE OFFERS) indicates a personal
UP offering while by contrast a PLURAL (THEY
OFFER) indicates a COMMUNITY UP OFFERING
(Brought by the community as a whole)

There are more rules but this will suffice for now
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: PLURAL-SINGULAR
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST070a
List of verses with Plural-Singular verses
LIST070a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This whole list and set
---------------- of principles is due to MALBIM
whose teachings on the simplicity of Biblical
exegesis are profound and everlasting. OUr modest
contribution is to present HIS list in tabular
FORMAT.

The list below presents verses which mix SINGULAR
and PLURAL. Here are some rough rules

RULE 1
------
SINGULR(V) SINGULAR(S)--eg EACH PERSON HE MOUNTS

SINGULAR SINGULAR is used to indicate NO
commonality (Every person does it his own way)

SIMILARLY: EACH PERSON, THEY SHOULD NOT FOOL AROUND SEXUALLY
(RASHI: The verse prohibits BOTH male-fooling and
female-fooling around)

RULE 2
------
PLURAL(V) SINGULAR(S) SINGULAR(DO)-eg
-- each person RETURNS to HIS inheritance

PLURAL SINGULAR SINGULAR indicates
---- a COMMON act
---- but INDIVIDUALLY done

RULE 3
------
PLURAL(V) PLURAL (S)--eg THEY offer THEIR sacrifices

PLURAL PLURAL indicates a COMMUNAL act done
by the community as a whole.

There are more rules but this will suffice for now
SINGULAR S PLURAL Verb SINGULAR OBJECT VERSE
Each person no-fool around Lv18-06
Each person revere parents Lv19-03
Each person unloaded*1 his sack Gn44-11
Each person dreamed*1 his dream Gn40-05
Each person sold *1 his field Gn47-20
Each person gleaned*1 his needs Gn16-16
Each person opened *1 his sack Gn44-11
Each person returns*1 to his inheritance Lv25-13
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
each person won-t withold his burial plot*2 Gn23-06
Each person if he suspects his wife *2 Nu05-12
Each person if he redeems his tenth *2 Lv27-31
let them make tzitzith for themselves*3 Nu15-38
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
each person was blessed by his blessing *4 Gn49-28c
each person took his sword *4 Gn34-25
each person took his incensor*4 Lv10-01
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
each person HE mounted his donkey *5 Gn44-13
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
each person who offers a sacrifice Lv01-02
they will offer their sacrifices*6 Lv01-02
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
where they they slaughter the UP Offering Lv07-01
(there..) they slaughter the GUILT offering Lv07-01
its blood he spills*7 on the altar Lv07-01
----------- -------------- ------------------ -------
COMMENTS
*1 This PLURAL-SINGULAR is rather normal usage.
So eg EACH PERSON THEY UNLOADED THEIR SACKS
means that
- they unloaded TOGETHER (eg at the same time
or helping each other)
- but they each unloaded their individual
sacks

SEE RULE 2: The PLURAL-SINGULAR indicates
a common scope with individual differences
Hence, eg Lv18-06 EACH PERSON, THEY SHOULDNT
FOOL AROUND SEXUALLY--includes in scope
both MALE and FEMALE fooling around


*2 Note the IF and NOT. The SINGULAR SINGULAR
is appropriate. Eg IF SOMEONE SUSPECTS
HIS WIFE (It doesnt necessarily apply to
the whole group)!

Similarly NO INDIVIDUAL PERSON WILL DENY
HIS BURIAL PLOT TO YOU means that
no particular person will so deny.

*3 Malbim suggests that COMMANDS can be
stated in the plural when they apply
to everybody (that is everybody has to
make Tzitzith)

*4 So we see elements of COMMONALITY (PLURAL) and
INDIVIDUALITY (SINGULAR) in these verses.

- Each person THEY took HIS incensor
RASHI: They didnt do it as a group
The didnt consult each other

- Each  person THEY took HIS sword
RASHI: They didnt do it as group
They didnt consult each other

- Each person THEY WERE BLESSED
according to THEIR blessing
RASHI: So although the blessings
were individual (eg Judah was a lion
and Naftali was a Gazelle) nevertheless
their was a commonality--that is Jacob
bless all of them as a group with
the blessings and benefits of each
individual member.

- Each person THEY should not fool around sexually
RASHI: The plural singular implies that both
male and female playing around are included*10

- Each person THEY should revere their parents
RASHI: Both MALE and FEMALE reverance are included*10


*5 Note the SINGULAR SINGULAR form---the brothers were
upset at Benjamin being framed and hence they
didnt think of each other---they EACH MOUNTED
IN THEIR OWN WAY WITHOUT ANY UNISON

*6 So the first part of the verse talks about offering
a voluntary individual offering. The 2nd part of
the verse speaks about offering a voluntary
communal offering (Hence the singular-plural)

*7 So although the verse talks about the GUILT
offering nevertheless, it makes a general
comment about COMMUNAL offerings:

- wherever ANY communal UP offering is slaughtered
- there, the GUILT offering is slaughtered

As a side inference we see that the Torah assumes
that ALL UP offerings (Individual-communal) are
offered in the NORTH

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Actually Rashi only EXPLAINS the male-female
distinction in one of these verses, but, as is
the custom on our email group, this distinction
should be equally applied to each of the verses

- Rashi points out that men and women revere their
parents differently since women have dual obligations
(to their husbands and parents) while men tend to
have individual obligations

- The transfer to sexual prohibitions is obvious
MALE and FEMALE fooling around are distinct and
so the Torah prohibits each

Note that based on our list, this interpretation
is OBVIOUS and STRAIGHTFORWARD (Simple meaning)
Rashi on Lv18-06a lists this meaning LAST and
as our custom on this list we consider the LAST
explanation of Rashi the true one.
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
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