Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2003 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 17 Number 15 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h17n15.htm ----------------------------------- Produced April 3rd, 2003 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
Passover | Check out http://www.Rashiyomi.com/pa.htm | |
ENGLISH RASHI | Complete ONLINE English Bible and Rashi | |
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*1 Want a COMPLETE FREE ONLINE Rashi and Bible Visit http://www.tachash.org/aish/parsha60.html I plan during Passover to hyperlink all my verse citations to this site so that people can read the actual text of Rashi and the Bible should they want to. PLEASE EMAIL ME IF YOU LIKE THIS IDEA OR WANT A MODIFICATION (EG HYperlink to HEBREW BIBLICAL TEXT) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ======================================= | |
Lv17-16b | ALIGNMENT | 4 chapters in Lv17 | |
Lv17-08a | ALIGNMENT | 4 chapters in Lv17 | |
Lv17-15a | ALIGNMENT | 4 chapters in Lv17 | |
Lv19-07a | WORD MEANINGS | PGL(rotted)=FORM(pay) of DUNG(GLL) | |
Lv18-06a | GRAMMARr | EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around | |
Lv07-02a | GRAMMARr | EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around | |
Lv01-02h | GRAMMARr | EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around | |
Lv01-02i | GRAMMARr | EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around | |
Gn49-28c | GRAMMARr | EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around | |
Lv19-03a | GRAMMARr | EACH person;THEY shouldnt fool around | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
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VERSE: Lv17-16b
RASHIS COVERED: Lv17-16b Lv17-08a Lv17-15a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ Many Rashis are basic, explaining MEANING or GRAMMAR However some Rashis are based on comparisons with other verses. When several similar verses are ALIGNED, the minor differences in these verses suggest new laws. EXAMPLE ------- The 4 chapters in Lv17 give several illustrations of this rule. As the simplest example the introduction -- ANY JEW -- ANY JEW -- ANY JEW -- ANY SOUL clearly shows a contrast. Rashi suggests that ANY SOUL includes the obligation to admonish minors. Other examples are compactly exhibited in the list below | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NUANCES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #11 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST305a | |
Alignment of paragraphs | in Lv17 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
Alignment of the 4 paragraphs in Lv17. The 3 differences shown below in the alignment suggest nuances.*11 | ||||
VERSE | INTRO | ACTIVITY INVOLVED | PUNISHMENT | |
Lv17-03 | Any Jew | who SLAUGHTERS... | CUT OFF | |
Lv17-08 | Any Jew | who OFFERS ... | CUT OFF | |
Lv17-13 | Any Jew | who HUNTS ... | CUT OFF | |
Lv17-15 | Any SOUL | who EATS CARCASS.... | BEARS SIN | |
Differs | *1 | *2 | *3 | |
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*1 Any JEW vs Any SOUL implies that minors (SOUL) should be admonished not to do these activities *2 These paragraphs deal with prohibited activities - SLAUGHTERING a sacrifice outside temple situation - OFFERING the sacrifice organs outside temple - HUNTED ANIMALS (With proper slaughtering) must have their blood buried in the ground. People eating blood are cut off from their people - eating a carcass (Non-ritually slaughtered) *3 BEARS SIN sounds LIGHTER than CUT OFF - CUT OFF means EXTINCTION and HELL - BEARS SIN means either ---- CUT OFF or ---- LASHES *10 | ||||
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*10 Rashi points out (by cross referencing other verses) that -- not immersing (and eating) has a cutoff punishment (eg Compare Lv23-01:09 (particularly Lv23-08:09) -- it follows (FROM THE ALIGNMENT) that if he merely did not immerse his ritually impure garments he would only be liable to lashes Note that Lv23 gives the prohibitions of dealing with temple items while in impurity. All prohibitions are AT LEAST punishable by lashes. When the Bible explicitly says so the punishment may be stronger (CUTOFF) So....the CUTOFF punishment is mentioned by non-immersion of one self but not mentioned by immersion of clothes. Hence the Rashi (We have only dealt with sentence structure--- Rashis further technical comments on this verse will be discussed in an other issue) *11 Technically we are using the BULLET method of indicating paragraphs. Recall that this method suggests that the Bible indicates PARAGRAPHING by skillful use of repeated phrases. Hence the phrase ANY JEW which occurs 3 times introduces 3 paragraphs in Lv17. More details can be obtained by studying the above list. |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Lv19-07a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ Recall that Hebrew consists of Hebrew roots with 3 letters. These roots are conjugated in various forms Rashi additionally believed in a 2 letter meaning theory. That is, while GRAMMATICAL CONJUGATION rules apply to 3 letter roots, nevertheless, MEANING rules apply to TWO LETTER roots. That is the meaning of every 3 letter root is derived from the meaning of its constituent letters. EXAMPLE ------- Pay-Gimel-Lamed MEANS Rotted - Pay according to Rashi MEANS form - Gimel-Lamed MEANS dung Hence we have the poetic equation that - ROT = FORM of DUNG Cute! | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANING | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | 2 LETTER THEORY | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST911a | |
Words illustrating | 2 letter semantic roots |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||||
List of 3 Letter Hebrew roots whose meaning is derived from the following one letter meaning ------------------------- The Hebrew PAY means FORM ------------------------- For example HAMMARING(PTSh) is an activity that has the FORM(P) of FLYING (TSh) | |||||
HEBREW ROOT | MEANS | Eq | PAY | LAST 2 LETTERS MEAN | |
Pay-Tet-Shin | HAMMAR | = | FORM of | FLYING(Tet-Shin) | |
Pay-Aleph-Hey | BORDER | = | FORM of | ISLAND(Aleph-Yud) | |
Pay-Aleph-Resh | LUSTRE | = | FORM of | LIGHT(ALeph-Resh) | |
Pay-Gimel-Lamed | ROTTED | = | FORM of | DUNG (Gimel-Lamed) | |
Pay-Gimel-Ayin | MEET | = | FORM of | TOUCHING(Nun-Gimel-Ayin) |
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VERSE: Lv18-06a
RASHIS COVERD: Lv07-02a Lv01-02h Lv01-02i Gn49-28c
Lv18-06a Lv19-03a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain the rules of Grammar the same way Hebrew grammar books explain grammar. One important focus of grammar is the plural-singular principles. Many people naively believe that every sentence must be ALL singular or ALL plural. In fact combining SINGULAR with PLURAL is very common in sentences. A variety of examples and rules are presented below. Here are some simple guidelines and examples RULE 1 ------ SINGULR(V) SINGULAR(S)--eg EACH PERSON HE MOUNTS -- SINGULAR SINGULAR is used to indicate NO commonality (Every person does it his own way) EXAMPLE ------- After Benjamin was caught, each of Jacobs sons, HE MOUNTED HIS DONKEY (RASHI: They were so upset they mounted individually without helping each other) RULE 2 ------ PLURAL(V) SINGULAR(S) SINGULAR(DO)-eg -- each person THEY RETURN to HIS inheritance PLURAL SINGULAR SINGULAR indicates ---- a COMMON act ---- but INDIVIDUALLY done EXAMPLE ------- So the JUBILEE year is a COMMON free-er of all slaves (PLURAL: THEY RETURN). But each person goes back to HIS individual inheritance. RULE 3 ------ PLURAL(V) PLURAL (S)--eg THEY offer THEIR sacrifices PLURAL PLURAL indicates a COMMUNAL act done by the community as a whole. EXAMPLE -------- So SINGULAR (HE OFFERS) indicates a personal UP offering while by contrast a PLURAL (THEY OFFER) indicates a COMMUNITY UP OFFERING (Brought by the community as a whole) There are more rules but this will suffice for now | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | PLURAL-SINGULAR | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST070a | |
List of verses with | Plural-Singular verses |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This whole list and set ---------------- of principles is due to MALBIM whose teachings on the simplicity of Biblical exegesis are profound and everlasting. OUr modest contribution is to present HIS list in tabular FORMAT. The list below presents verses which mix SINGULAR and PLURAL. Here are some rough rules RULE 1 ------ SINGULR(V) SINGULAR(S)--eg EACH PERSON HE MOUNTS SINGULAR SINGULAR is used to indicate NO commonality (Every person does it his own way) SIMILARLY: EACH PERSON, THEY SHOULD NOT FOOL AROUND SEXUALLY (RASHI: The verse prohibits BOTH male-fooling and female-fooling around) RULE 2 ------ PLURAL(V) SINGULAR(S) SINGULAR(DO)-eg -- each person RETURNS to HIS inheritance PLURAL SINGULAR SINGULAR indicates ---- a COMMON act ---- but INDIVIDUALLY done RULE 3 ------ PLURAL(V) PLURAL (S)--eg THEY offer THEIR sacrifices PLURAL PLURAL indicates a COMMUNAL act done by the community as a whole. There are more rules but this will suffice for now | ||||
SINGULAR S | PLURAL Verb | SINGULAR OBJECT | VERSE | |
Each person | no-fool around | Lv18-06 | ||
Each person | revere parents | Lv19-03 | ||
Each person | unloaded*1 | his sack | Gn44-11 | |
Each person | dreamed*1 | his dream | Gn40-05 | |
Each person | sold *1 | his field | Gn47-20 | |
Each person | gleaned*1 | his needs | Gn16-16 | |
Each person | opened *1 | his sack | Gn44-11 | |
Each person | returns*1 | to his inheritance | Lv25-13 | |
----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
each person | won-t withold | his burial plot*2 | Gn23-06 | |
Each person | if he suspects | his wife *2 | Nu05-12 | |
Each person | if he redeems | his tenth *2 | Lv27-31 | |
let them | make tzitzith | for themselves*3 | Nu15-38 | |
----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
each person | was blessed | by his blessing *4 | Gn49-28c | |
each person | took | his sword *4 | Gn34-25 | |
each person | took | his incensor*4 | Lv10-01 | |
----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
each person | HE mounted | his donkey *5 | Gn44-13 | |
----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
each person | who offers | a sacrifice | Lv01-02 | |
they will | offer | their sacrifices*6 | Lv01-02 | |
----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
where they | they slaughter | the UP Offering | Lv07-01 | |
(there..) | they slaughter | the GUILT offering | Lv07-01 | |
its blood | he spills*7 | on the altar | Lv07-01 | |
----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
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*1 This PLURAL-SINGULAR is rather normal usage. So eg EACH PERSON THEY UNLOADED THEIR SACKS means that - they unloaded TOGETHER (eg at the same time or helping each other) - but they each unloaded their individual sacks SEE RULE 2: The PLURAL-SINGULAR indicates a common scope with individual differences Hence, eg Lv18-06 EACH PERSON, THEY SHOULDNT FOOL AROUND SEXUALLY--includes in scope both MALE and FEMALE fooling around *2 Note the IF and NOT. The SINGULAR SINGULAR is appropriate. Eg IF SOMEONE SUSPECTS HIS WIFE (It doesnt necessarily apply to the whole group)! Similarly NO INDIVIDUAL PERSON WILL DENY HIS BURIAL PLOT TO YOU means that no particular person will so deny. *3 Malbim suggests that COMMANDS can be stated in the plural when they apply to everybody (that is everybody has to make Tzitzith) *4 So we see elements of COMMONALITY (PLURAL) and INDIVIDUALITY (SINGULAR) in these verses. - Each person THEY took HIS incensor RASHI: They didnt do it as a group The didnt consult each other - Each person THEY took HIS sword RASHI: They didnt do it as group They didnt consult each other - Each person THEY WERE BLESSED according to THEIR blessing RASHI: So although the blessings were individual (eg Judah was a lion and Naftali was a Gazelle) nevertheless their was a commonality--that is Jacob bless all of them as a group with the blessings and benefits of each individual member. - Each person THEY should not fool around sexually RASHI: The plural singular implies that both male and female playing around are included*10 - Each person THEY should revere their parents RASHI: Both MALE and FEMALE reverance are included*10 *5 Note the SINGULAR SINGULAR form---the brothers were upset at Benjamin being framed and hence they didnt think of each other---they EACH MOUNTED IN THEIR OWN WAY WITHOUT ANY UNISON *6 So the first part of the verse talks about offering a voluntary individual offering. The 2nd part of the verse speaks about offering a voluntary communal offering (Hence the singular-plural) *7 So although the verse talks about the GUILT offering nevertheless, it makes a general comment about COMMUNAL offerings: - wherever ANY communal UP offering is slaughtered - there, the GUILT offering is slaughtered As a side inference we see that the Torah assumes that ALL UP offerings (Individual-communal) are offered in the NORTH | ||||
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*10 Actually Rashi only EXPLAINS the male-female distinction in one of these verses, but, as is the custom on our email group, this distinction should be equally applied to each of the verses - Rashi points out that men and women revere their parents differently since women have dual obligations (to their husbands and parents) while men tend to have individual obligations - The transfer to sexual prohibitions is obvious MALE and FEMALE fooling around are distinct and so the Torah prohibits each Note that based on our list, this interpretation is OBVIOUS and STRAIGHTFORWARD (Simple meaning) Rashi on Lv18-06a lists this meaning LAST and as our custom on this list we consider the LAST explanation of Rashi the true one. |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#