Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List
             VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT
                  http://www.RashiYomi.com/
                  Surfing the Talmudic Seas

               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2003
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 17 Number 23
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h17n23.htm
               -----------------------------------
                    Produced May 14th, 2003

       WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEM WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
Hebrew Rashi Get HEBREW,ENGLISH,and RashiYomi Rashi online*1
COMMENTS
*1 ITS UP  Select a Book,Chapter,Verse and get Rashi online
- Hebrew Verse
- English Rashi
- RashiYomi comments

Navigate to http://www.RashiYomi.com/

We expect to improve this signifcantly over the next
few months so send your suggestions.
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =======================================
Nu01-01a DATABASE God loves the Jews--(manifests in cnt)
Nu01-02a OTHER VERSES By FAMILY=by Tribe;by HEAD=by COIN
Nu01-02c OTHER VERSES By FAMILY=by Tribe;by HEAD=by COIN
Nu01-04a GRAMMARr Multi-verse:Count,WITH heads,OVER 20
Nu01-17a GRAMMARr Multi-verse:Count,WITH heads,OVER 20
Nu01-17b GRAMMARr Multi-verse:Count,WITH heads,OVER 20
Nu01-18a GRAMMARr Interactively born=Birth certificate
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Nu01-01a
Nu01-01a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Most Rashis deal with the verse in question:
- either Rashi explains MEANING of words
- or Rashi explains GRAMMATICAL points
- or Rashi explains STYLE
- or Rashi supports a verse with CROSS REFERENCES

But some Rashis focus on broad studies of themes.
These Rashis are also part of the simple meaning
of the text.  Rashi will take some THEME and ask
for all verses with this THEME. Rashi will then
seek a CORRELATE of this THEME. The THEME-CORRELATE
connection is something new and enriches our
understanding of the verse

EXAMPLE
-------
Take the THEME of COUNTING the Jews. In how many
verses does God count the verses

Reviewing we find 4 cases: What is the common
correlate of counting in these verses.

Reviewing we see that in each case either
- God saved the Jews from danger OR
- God gave some great gift to the Jews OR
- God did both (GIFT and SAVE)

Thus we come to the Rashi conclusion that
-- God LOVES the JEWISH people and
-- God manifests this love by counting
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS DATABASES
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS DATABASES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #27
SEE BELOW LIST605a
List of verses where God counts Jews(shows Love)
LIST605a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


We list all verses where God COUNTS the Jewish people
In all of them either
- God had just saved them from danger OR
- God is about to give them a great gift OR
- both (save from danger and give a gift)
We conclude that Gods COUNTING is a manifestation
of His LOVE

VERSE COUNT OCCASION Idea
Ex38-26 630,550 After SIN of Calf God saves
Nu26-51 601,730 After SIN of PEOP God saves
Nu01-46*1 603,550 Temple Inauguration Prophecy
COMMENTS
*1 Nu01-01 states that this census took place
in Year=2, Month=2, Day=1 to Exodus

Ex40-01 states that the Tabernacle was built on
Month=1, Day=1

So using the Technique of OTHER VERSES Rashi
connects this census with the Temple inauguration
(They happened a month apart)
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Nu01-02a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu01-02a Nu01-02c
Nu01-02a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main techniques is to use
Cross references. These cross referenced
verses illumine the meaning of the original
verses. There are 5 techniques of cross
referencing.

EXAMPLE Nu01-02a
----------------
Nu01-02 states COUNT THE JEWS BY family
Nu01 shows a COUNTING OF JEWS BY tribe
Hence Rashi uses the Technique of OTHER VERSES
to show that FAMILY means TRIBE

EXAMPLE Nu01-02c
----------------
Nu01-02a states COUNT THE JEWS BY HEAD
Ex30-11:16 states that COUNTING must be done
by coins(Instead of counting people we count
their coins...this way we symbolically affirm
that each individual has infinite worth and cannot
be counted)
Ex38-26 states COUNT ONE COIN PER HEAD
Hence Rashi infers that COUNT BY HEADS means
to use the COUNT BY COINS PER HEAD
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: OTHER VERSES
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: INFERRING MEANING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #5
SEE BELOW LIST250a
Lists of verses with meanings from other verses
LIST250a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

We present a list of verses where
the meaning of words in one verse are
illumined by the usage of these words
in other verses.

The classical example is the word CALF
which occurs several times in the
Torah(eg Gn15-09).

We know a CALF is a YOUNG OX/BULL
but we dont know HOW YOUNG. The details
are gives by Lv09-07d which shows that
CALFS are 1 year (And this derivation
is accepted legally)
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE OTHER VRSE MEANING
Dt01-19a GREAT & AWESOME desert Dt08-15 with snakes
Ex13-20a SUCCOTH*1 Nu33-05 RMSYTH->SCCTH
Gn15-09 CALF Lv09-07d 1 year old
Ex21-17b HIS BLOOD ON HIM Lv20-27 StoneTo Death
Ex14-24b CONFUSION attacks 1S07-10 by NOISE
Ex30-13e GAYRAH 1S02-36 CURRENCY UNIT
Ex30-18d Washpan near ALTAR Ex40-27:29 COPPER ALTAR
Nu01-02a Count Jews by FAMILY Nu01 Count by TRIB
Nu01-02c Count Jews by HEADS Ex38-26*2 COIN per HEAD
COMMENTS
*1 Ex13-20 Jews journeyed from Succoth after Exodus
Ex12-27 Exodus: Jews go from Raamsayth to Succoth
Nu33-05 Exodus, Then Raamsayth, THen Succoth

The point is that Nu33-05 makes it clear that
there were 3 places
- Exodus FROM Egypt
- TO Raamsayth
- TO Succoth.

Ex13-20 only mentions 2 of the places
Ex12-27 makes it sound like they left EGYPT, ie
they left RAAMSAYTH.

It is in fact common for places to have multiple
names. So Nu33-05 illumines that there were 3
distinct places

*2 Also see Ex30-11:16 which prohibits DIRECTLY
counting people. Instead, we must count the
COINS of each person and from this infer
the total count.
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Nu01-04a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu01-04a Nu01-17a Nu01-17b*11
Nu01-04a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain
Grammar the same way modern Grammar books do.
Grammar deals with many topics In this posting
we deal with the grammatical rules governing
sentences. Most Biblical verses are complete
sentences. However in certain rare cases TWO
Verses form ONE sentence. An examples is
provided below. As a special treat we see the
famous STRUCTURE methods of Casuto one of the
early defenders against the Bible critics

EXAMPLE: Nu01-03:05 Nu01-15:17
-------------------------------------------
God orders Moses to Count, with the Tribe
heads, the Jews above 20.

Thus we have a verse for each part of Grammar
-- VERB: COUNT the Jews (Verse 2)
-- OBJECT(Who do you count) Jews above 20 (v3)
-- ADVERB(How do you count)With Tribe heads-v4

This sequence VERB-OBJECT-ADVERB
is repeated in a charming reverse order
in both Nu01-03:05 and Nu01-15:17
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMAR
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS MULTI-VERSE SENTENCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
------------------------ ---------------------
SEE BELOW LIST070c
List of clauses in Nu01-03:05 Nu01-15:17
------------------------ ---------------------
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS WORD MEANING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
------------------------ ---------------------
SEE BELOW LIST811a
List of verses where N-K-V means to FIX
LIST070c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


We study the multi-verse sentences Nu01-02:04
and Nu01-15:17. These multi-verse sentences
state that

-----------------------------------
Moses should count, with the tribe heads,
the Jews above 20
-----------------------------------

The sentence has 3 parts
- VERB: To Count
- OBJECT: Jews above 20
- ADVERB: Count with tribe heads

Each part takes up one verse.

Nu01-02:04 is a COMMAND to count while
Nu01-15:17 is a STATEMENT that they fulfilled
the order and counted*10

Nu01-02:04 Nu01-15:17 GRAMMAR Text
Nu01-02 Nu01-17 VERB Count
Nu01-03 Nu01-16 OBJECT Jews over 20
Nu01-04 Nu01-15 HOW*1 With Tribe heads
COMMENTS
*1 i.e. ADVERB, actually an ADVERBIAL phrase

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Note the Charming reverse order of
Nu01-02:04 vs Nu01-15:17. That is the order
in Nu01-02:04 is VERB-OBJECT-HOW while the
order in Nu01-15:17 is HOW-OBJECT-VERB
(reversed).

These type of STRUCTURE INSIGHTS
were frequently made by the scholar
Casuto who was an early defender against
the Bible critics.

Nu01-02:04 is the ORDER to count
Nu01-15:17 is the STATEMENT that they counted
(that is that they fulfilled the order)

*11 Our point here is that all the Rashis
are simply pointing to the multiverse
structure More specifically
- In Nu01-04a Rashi explicitly connects
the tribal leaders mentioned in Nu01-04
with the act of counting mentioned in Nu01-02
(That is Rashi illumines the
multi verse structure)

- In Nu01-17a Rashi similarly connects
the tribal heads with the act of counting

- Rashi in Nu01-17b also connects the
tribal heads with the act of counting

Rashi further illumines the meaning
of the root N-K-B (Which is explained
in list811a)

Thus we have not mentioned particular
Rashis but rather focused on the common
theme of a multi-verse sentence. We
believe this the most fruitful approach
LIST811a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


We list 4-5 verses where the Biblical root
Nun-Kuf-Beth means TO FIX. This helps
illumine the meaning of Nu01-17 which states
that Moses took the tribal leads WHO WERE
FIXED BY NAME.

All entries are courtesy of RADACK the book
of ROOTS
VERSE TEXT of VERSE with N-K-B=FIXED
Gn30-28 FIX your wages and I will pay them
Isa62-02 You-ll get a new name FIXED by God
Nu01-17 The distinguished people FIXED by named
Amos06-01 The FIXED -- the Best of the Nations
COMMENTS
*1 Radack lists Lv24-11 however despite the
grammatical support for Radack we would
be inclined to translate this as CURSED
similar to the sister verse Lv24-16.

Thus Lv24-11 means HE CURSED THE NAME OF
GOD and CURSED See footnote *10 for
an interpretation consistent with the
Radack
LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Using the Radacks interpretation we would
translate Lv24-11 as
-- AND HE FIXED THE NAME OF GOD and CURSED

I would interpret this to mean that eg
he mentioned the NAME OF GOD (FIXED it
as a reference in the conversation) and
then started cursing IT, the IT referring
to the FIXED TOPIC, Gods name).

I quickly point out that this would lead
to novelty---it would state that a person
is liable to a death penalty from
blasphemy even if he didnt other the
curse word and Gods name in one breath--
it is sufficient that the NAME OF GOD
is FIXED in the conversation and in one
breath he curses IT (However this is a
very novel interpretation and requires
further investigation)
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Nu01-18a
Nu01-18a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain
grammar the same way modern Hebrew grammar
books explain grammar.

A particular focus of grammar is the
conjugation of verbs and the meaning of the
various conjugation modes.

The most controversial of the conjugation modes
is the infamous HITPAEL mode. Most elementary
books interpret the HITPAEL as REFLEXIVE.

There are at least 3 other theories on the
meaning of the HITPAEL. Rashi however interprets
it as meaning INTERACTIVE. The LIST below
shows a LIST of verses where the HITPAEL
means INTERACTIVE

EXAMPLE: Nu01-18a
-----------------
VERSE: (interactively) born to their tribes

RASHI: They showed proof (birth certificates or
witnesses) of their tribal status.

The Rashi eg viewws birth certificates
as an INTERACTION on tribal birth*10
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: CONJUGATION
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
------------------------ --------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST703a
Lists of verses with HITPAEL meaning INTERACTIV
COMMENTS
*10 We have been a bit casual here. The precise
statement is that
-- Y-L-D in the active tense means to GIVE BIRTH
-- Y-L-D in the INTERACTIVE tense means to PROVE
Birth Status

Thus the root has 2 distinct meanings (Give
birth and prove status). They however are related
by a common root and the grammatical modes.
LIST703a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


According to Rashi the HITPAEL means the INTERACTIVE.
Several examples of roots in the HITPAEL, meaning
the INTERACTIVE, are presented below.*10
VERSE ROOT MEANING INTERACTIVE MEANING
Dt22-01a Ayin-Lamed-Mem OVERLOOK AVOID
Gn26-20a Ayin-Shin-Kuf WITHOLD WAGES BICKER ABOUT PROPERTY*1
Gn26-20b Ayin-Shin-Kuf WITHOLD WAGES BICKER ABOUT PROPERTY*1
Ex08-05a Pay-Aleph-Resh GLORIFY/BRAG CHALLENGE*2
Gn06-09c Hey-Lamed-Caph TO WALK TO WALK WITH SOMEONE*3
Dt01-21a Aleph-Nun-Pay ANGER*4 PICKY & ANGRY*5
Dt04-37a Aleph-Nun-Pay ANGER*4 PICKY & ANGRY*5
Nu11-18a Kuf-Dalet-Shin PREPARE COMMUNAL PREPARATION*6
Ex10-02a AYIN-LAMED-LAMED HARASS*7 TO SPORT*8
Nu22-29a AYIN-LAMED-LAMED HARASS*7 TO SPORT*8
Dt29-18a Bet-Resh-Caph to BLESS Interactive blessing*9
Gn26-04a Bet-Resh-Caph to BLESS Interactive blessing*9
Ex32-03c Pay-Resh-Kuf to UNLOAD Communal unloading
Nu01-18a Yud-Lamed-Dalet to GIVE BIRTH Prove BIRTH STATUS
COMMENTS
*1 Hence Gn26-20a "And they BICKERED with him about the ownership"

*2             The Hitpael form means to CHALLENGE (that is to
BRAG thru interacting with someone else. Here is
the Rashi).

Ex08-05a Moses said to Pharoh...'you want the frogs removed
...well pick an exact time for their removal and
if my God doesn't remove them by then you can brag
how you outsmarted me'

*3  The hitpael form means --ie TO WALK WITH SOMEONE*3
to FOLLOW HIS WAYS (eg so when used with God it
means to follow a Godly life--(Rashi further
distinguished between WALK TO and WALK OF...but
we have explained this on Gn06-09c)

*4 See Isa12-1,Ps2-12 for verses that show that A-N-F means
anger

*5 That is, you get picky on everything the
person does--you allow, the person
you are angry with, no way out---every attempt at
apology is met with more anger (So you are
INTERACTIVELY angry)

*6 The Hitpael form would
mean to INTERACTIVELY PREPARE---TO PREPARE AS
A COMMUNITY. Thus on Nu11-18a Rashi says to the
community, "Prepare yourself for Gods punishment
for the way you have complained"

Note that this root can also, besides meaning to
prepare, can also mean to DESIGNATE (as e.g.
designating an animal for a sacrifice)

*7 The original meaning of the root
is to prune grapes from a vine.

Hence in the Kal Mode it can also mean to HARASS
To eg continuously bicker away at somebody till
he gives in.

The clearest proof of this is Jer6-9 "And they
will HARASS (Ayin-Lamed-Lamed) away at the Jews
the way a grape-vine is pruned (Ayin-Lamed-Lamed)"

*8 In the hitpael mode Ayin-Lamed-Lamed would mean
to interactively harass---I guess the closest
meaning would be 'to sport' with someone.

The difference between HARASS and SPORT is that
in HARASS you just want to eat away at someone.
By contrast, when you SPORT with someone you
don't just harass someone but you also provoke
them into fighting with you.

Rashi actually brings Lam1-12 and Lam1-22 to
vs Ex10-02 Jud19-25 Nu22-29a to support this
distinction. Thus Jud19-25 should be translated
THEY SPORTED WITH HER ALL NIGHT (vs they HARASSED
HER ALL NIGHT)

*9             Rashi gives the following example

eg When a father wishes to bless his son or friend
he will say 'May you be blessed like Abraham'

Similarly in Dt29-18a we could interpret it as

The person who sins fancies himself as a blessing
to his people; he thinks he is a leader leading them
to peace.'

COMMENT: Note how this intepretation answers the question in
Rashi on Dt29-28a: The NATION is punished for the deeds of the
INDIVIDUAL because the NATION INTERACTED WITH him and put up
with him See a similar theological Rashi on Lv20-05

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 There are 3 other theories on the meaning of the hitpael
The most popular is that hitpael means REFLEXIVE. I
think the verses above prove Rashi correct.

*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#