Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2003 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 17 Number 23 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h17n23.htm ----------------------------------- Produced May 14th, 2003 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
Hebrew Rashi | Get HEBREW,ENGLISH,and RashiYomi Rashi online*1 | |
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*1 ITS UP Select a Book,Chapter,Verse and get Rashi online - Hebrew Verse - English Rashi - RashiYomi comments Navigate to http://www.RashiYomi.com/ We expect to improve this signifcantly over the next few months so send your suggestions. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ======================================= | |
Nu01-01a | DATABASE | God loves the Jews--(manifests in cnt) | |
Nu01-02a | OTHER VERSES | By FAMILY=by Tribe;by HEAD=by COIN | |
Nu01-02c | OTHER VERSES | By FAMILY=by Tribe;by HEAD=by COIN | |
Nu01-04a | GRAMMARr | Multi-verse:Count,WITH heads,OVER 20 | |
Nu01-17a | GRAMMARr | Multi-verse:Count,WITH heads,OVER 20 | |
Nu01-17b | GRAMMARr | Multi-verse:Count,WITH heads,OVER 20 | |
Nu01-18a | GRAMMARr | Interactively born=Birth certificate | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Nu01-01a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ Most Rashis deal with the verse in question: - either Rashi explains MEANING of words - or Rashi explains GRAMMATICAL points - or Rashi explains STYLE - or Rashi supports a verse with CROSS REFERENCES But some Rashis focus on broad studies of themes. These Rashis are also part of the simple meaning of the text. Rashi will take some THEME and ask for all verses with this THEME. Rashi will then seek a CORRELATE of this THEME. The THEME-CORRELATE connection is something new and enriches our understanding of the verse EXAMPLE ------- Take the THEME of COUNTING the Jews. In how many verses does God count the verses Reviewing we find 4 cases: What is the common correlate of counting in these verses. Reviewing we see that in each case either - God saved the Jews from danger OR - God gave some great gift to the Jews OR - God did both (GIFT and SAVE) Thus we come to the Rashi conclusion that -- God LOVES the JEWISH people and -- God manifests this love by counting | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS | DATABASES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | DATABASES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #27 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST605a | |
List of verses where | God counts Jews(shows Love) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |
We list all verses where God COUNTS the Jewish people In all of them either - God had just saved them from danger OR - God is about to give them a great gift OR - both (save from danger and give a gift) We conclude that Gods COUNTING is a manifestation of His LOVE | |
VERSE COUNT OCCASION Idea | |
Ex38-26 630,550 After SIN of Calf God saves | |
Nu26-51 601,730 After SIN of PEOP God saves | |
Nu01-46*1 603,550 Temple Inauguration Prophecy | |
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*1 Nu01-01 states that this census took place in Year=2, Month=2, Day=1 to Exodus Ex40-01 states that the Tabernacle was built on Month=1, Day=1 So using the Technique of OTHER VERSES Rashi connects this census with the Temple inauguration (They happened a month apart) |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Nu01-02a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu01-02a Nu01-02c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 main techniques is to use Cross references. These cross referenced verses illumine the meaning of the original verses. There are 5 techniques of cross referencing. EXAMPLE Nu01-02a ---------------- Nu01-02 states COUNT THE JEWS BY family Nu01 shows a COUNTING OF JEWS BY tribe Hence Rashi uses the Technique of OTHER VERSES to show that FAMILY means TRIBE EXAMPLE Nu01-02c ---------------- Nu01-02a states COUNT THE JEWS BY HEAD Ex30-11:16 states that COUNTING must be done by coins(Instead of counting people we count their coins...this way we symbolically affirm that each individual has infinite worth and cannot be counted) Ex38-26 states COUNT ONE COIN PER HEAD Hence Rashi infers that COUNT BY HEADS means to use the COUNT BY COINS PER HEAD | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | INFERRING MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #5 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST250a | |
Lists of verses with | meanings from other verses |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
We present a list of verses where the meaning of words in one verse are illumined by the usage of these words in other verses. The classical example is the word CALF which occurs several times in the Torah(eg Gn15-09). We know a CALF is a YOUNG OX/BULL but we dont know HOW YOUNG. The details are gives by Lv09-07d which shows that CALFS are 1 year (And this derivation is accepted legally) | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | OTHER VRSE | MEANING | |
Dt01-19a | GREAT & AWESOME desert | Dt08-15 | with snakes | |
Ex13-20a | SUCCOTH*1 | Nu33-05 | RMSYTH->SCCTH | |
Gn15-09 | CALF | Lv09-07d | 1 year old | |
Ex21-17b | HIS BLOOD ON HIM | Lv20-27 | StoneTo Death | |
Ex14-24b | CONFUSION attacks | 1S07-10 | by NOISE | |
Ex30-13e | GAYRAH | 1S02-36 | CURRENCY UNIT | |
Ex30-18d | Washpan near ALTAR | Ex40-27:29 | COPPER ALTAR | |
Nu01-02a | Count Jews by FAMILY | Nu01 | Count by TRIB | |
Nu01-02c | Count Jews by HEADS | Ex38-26*2 | COIN per HEAD | |
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*1 Ex13-20 Jews journeyed from Succoth after Exodus Ex12-27 Exodus: Jews go from Raamsayth to Succoth Nu33-05 Exodus, Then Raamsayth, THen Succoth The point is that Nu33-05 makes it clear that there were 3 places - Exodus FROM Egypt - TO Raamsayth - TO Succoth. Ex13-20 only mentions 2 of the places Ex12-27 makes it sound like they left EGYPT, ie they left RAAMSAYTH. It is in fact common for places to have multiple names. So Nu33-05 illumines that there were 3 distinct places *2 Also see Ex30-11:16 which prohibits DIRECTLY counting people. Instead, we must count the COINS of each person and from this infer the total count. |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Nu01-04a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu01-04a Nu01-17a Nu01-17b*11
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain Grammar the same way modern Grammar books do. Grammar deals with many topics In this posting we deal with the grammatical rules governing sentences. Most Biblical verses are complete sentences. However in certain rare cases TWO Verses form ONE sentence. An examples is provided below. As a special treat we see the famous STRUCTURE methods of Casuto one of the early defenders against the Bible critics EXAMPLE: Nu01-03:05 Nu01-15:17 ------------------------------------------- God orders Moses to Count, with the Tribe heads, the Jews above 20. Thus we have a verse for each part of Grammar -- VERB: COUNT the Jews (Verse 2) -- OBJECT(Who do you count) Jews above 20 (v3) -- ADVERB(How do you count)With Tribe heads-v4 This sequence VERB-OBJECT-ADVERB is repeated in a charming reverse order in both Nu01-03:05 and Nu01-15:17 | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMAR | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | MULTI-VERSE SENTENCES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
------------------------ | --------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST070c | |
List of clauses in | Nu01-03:05 Nu01-15:17 | |
------------------------ | --------------------- | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | WORD MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
------------------------ | --------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST811a | |
List of verses where | N-K-V means to FIX |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
We study the multi-verse sentences Nu01-02:04 and Nu01-15:17. These multi-verse sentences state that ----------------------------------- Moses should count, with the tribe heads, the Jews above 20 ----------------------------------- The sentence has 3 parts - VERB: To Count - OBJECT: Jews above 20 - ADVERB: Count with tribe heads Each part takes up one verse. Nu01-02:04 is a COMMAND to count while Nu01-15:17 is a STATEMENT that they fulfilled the order and counted*10 | ||||
Nu01-02:04 | Nu01-15:17 | GRAMMAR | Text | |
Nu01-02 | Nu01-17 | VERB | Count | |
Nu01-03 | Nu01-16 | OBJECT | Jews over 20 | |
Nu01-04 | Nu01-15 | HOW*1 | With Tribe heads | |
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*1 i.e. ADVERB, actually an ADVERBIAL phrase | ||||
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*10 Note the Charming reverse order of Nu01-02:04 vs Nu01-15:17. That is the order in Nu01-02:04 is VERB-OBJECT-HOW while the order in Nu01-15:17 is HOW-OBJECT-VERB (reversed). These type of STRUCTURE INSIGHTS were frequently made by the scholar Casuto who was an early defender against the Bible critics. Nu01-02:04 is the ORDER to count Nu01-15:17 is the STATEMENT that they counted (that is that they fulfilled the order) *11 Our point here is that all the Rashis are simply pointing to the multiverse structure More specifically - In Nu01-04a Rashi explicitly connects the tribal leaders mentioned in Nu01-04 with the act of counting mentioned in Nu01-02 (That is Rashi illumines the multi verse structure) - In Nu01-17a Rashi similarly connects the tribal heads with the act of counting - Rashi in Nu01-17b also connects the tribal heads with the act of counting Rashi further illumines the meaning of the root N-K-B (Which is explained in list811a) Thus we have not mentioned particular Rashis but rather focused on the common theme of a multi-verse sentence. We believe this the most fruitful approach |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
We list 4-5 verses where the Biblical root Nun-Kuf-Beth means TO FIX. This helps illumine the meaning of Nu01-17 which states that Moses took the tribal leads WHO WERE FIXED BY NAME. All entries are courtesy of RADACK the book of ROOTS | ||
VERSE | TEXT of VERSE with N-K-B=FIXED | |
Gn30-28 | FIX your wages and I will pay them | |
Isa62-02 | You-ll get a new name FIXED by God | |
Nu01-17 | The distinguished people FIXED by named | |
Amos06-01 | The FIXED -- the Best of the Nations | |
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*1 Radack lists Lv24-11 however despite the grammatical support for Radack we would be inclined to translate this as CURSED similar to the sister verse Lv24-16. Thus Lv24-11 means HE CURSED THE NAME OF GOD and CURSED See footnote *10 for an interpretation consistent with the Radack | ||
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*10 Using the Radacks interpretation we would translate Lv24-11 as -- AND HE FIXED THE NAME OF GOD and CURSED I would interpret this to mean that eg he mentioned the NAME OF GOD (FIXED it as a reference in the conversation) and then started cursing IT, the IT referring to the FIXED TOPIC, Gods name). I quickly point out that this would lead to novelty---it would state that a person is liable to a death penalty from blasphemy even if he didnt other the curse word and Gods name in one breath-- it is sufficient that the NAME OF GOD is FIXED in the conversation and in one breath he curses IT (However this is a very novel interpretation and requires further investigation) |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Nu01-18a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain grammar the same way modern Hebrew grammar books explain grammar. A particular focus of grammar is the conjugation of verbs and the meaning of the various conjugation modes. The most controversial of the conjugation modes is the infamous HITPAEL mode. Most elementary books interpret the HITPAEL as REFLEXIVE. There are at least 3 other theories on the meaning of the HITPAEL. Rashi however interprets it as meaning INTERACTIVE. The LIST below shows a LIST of verses where the HITPAEL means INTERACTIVE EXAMPLE: Nu01-18a ----------------- VERSE: (interactively) born to their tribes RASHI: They showed proof (birth certificates or witnesses) of their tribal status. The Rashi eg viewws birth certificates as an INTERACTION on tribal birth*10 | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | CONJUGATION | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
------------------------ | -------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST703a | |
Lists of verses with | HITPAEL meaning INTERACTIV | |
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*10 We have been a bit casual here. The precise statement is that -- Y-L-D in the active tense means to GIVE BIRTH -- Y-L-D in the INTERACTIVE tense means to PROVE Birth Status Thus the root has 2 distinct meanings (Give birth and prove status). They however are related by a common root and the grammatical modes. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
According to Rashi the HITPAEL means the INTERACTIVE. Several examples of roots in the HITPAEL, meaning the INTERACTIVE, are presented below.*10 | ||||
VERSE | ROOT | MEANING | INTERACTIVE MEANING | |
Dt22-01a | Ayin-Lamed-Mem | OVERLOOK | AVOID | |
Gn26-20a | Ayin-Shin-Kuf | WITHOLD WAGES | BICKER ABOUT PROPERTY*1 | |
Gn26-20b | Ayin-Shin-Kuf | WITHOLD WAGES | BICKER ABOUT PROPERTY*1 | |
Ex08-05a | Pay-Aleph-Resh | GLORIFY/BRAG | CHALLENGE*2 | |
Gn06-09c | Hey-Lamed-Caph | TO WALK | TO WALK WITH SOMEONE*3 | |
Dt01-21a | Aleph-Nun-Pay | ANGER*4 | PICKY & ANGRY*5 | |
Dt04-37a | Aleph-Nun-Pay | ANGER*4 | PICKY & ANGRY*5 | |
Nu11-18a | Kuf-Dalet-Shin | PREPARE | COMMUNAL PREPARATION*6 | |
Ex10-02a | AYIN-LAMED-LAMED | HARASS*7 | TO SPORT*8 | |
Nu22-29a | AYIN-LAMED-LAMED | HARASS*7 | TO SPORT*8 | |
Dt29-18a | Bet-Resh-Caph | to BLESS | Interactive blessing*9 | |
Gn26-04a | Bet-Resh-Caph | to BLESS | Interactive blessing*9 | |
Ex32-03c | Pay-Resh-Kuf | to UNLOAD | Communal unloading | |
Nu01-18a | Yud-Lamed-Dalet | to GIVE BIRTH | Prove BIRTH STATUS | |
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*1 Hence Gn26-20a "And they BICKERED with him about the ownership" *2 The Hitpael form means to CHALLENGE (that is to BRAG thru interacting with someone else. Here is the Rashi). Ex08-05a Moses said to Pharoh...'you want the frogs removed ...well pick an exact time for their removal and if my God doesn't remove them by then you can brag how you outsmarted me' *3 The hitpael form means --ie TO WALK WITH SOMEONE*3 to FOLLOW HIS WAYS (eg so when used with God it means to follow a Godly life--(Rashi further distinguished between WALK TO and WALK OF...but we have explained this on Gn06-09c) *4 See Isa12-1,Ps2-12 for verses that show that A-N-F means anger *5 That is, you get picky on everything the person does--you allow, the person you are angry with, no way out---every attempt at apology is met with more anger (So you are INTERACTIVELY angry) *6 The Hitpael form would mean to INTERACTIVELY PREPARE---TO PREPARE AS A COMMUNITY. Thus on Nu11-18a Rashi says to the community, "Prepare yourself for Gods punishment for the way you have complained" Note that this root can also, besides meaning to prepare, can also mean to DESIGNATE (as e.g. designating an animal for a sacrifice) *7 The original meaning of the root is to prune grapes from a vine. Hence in the Kal Mode it can also mean to HARASS To eg continuously bicker away at somebody till he gives in. The clearest proof of this is Jer6-9 "And they will HARASS (Ayin-Lamed-Lamed) away at the Jews the way a grape-vine is pruned (Ayin-Lamed-Lamed)" *8 In the hitpael mode Ayin-Lamed-Lamed would mean to interactively harass---I guess the closest meaning would be 'to sport' with someone. The difference between HARASS and SPORT is that in HARASS you just want to eat away at someone. By contrast, when you SPORT with someone you don't just harass someone but you also provoke them into fighting with you. Rashi actually brings Lam1-12 and Lam1-22 to vs Ex10-02 Jud19-25 Nu22-29a to support this distinction. Thus Jud19-25 should be translated THEY SPORTED WITH HER ALL NIGHT (vs they HARASSED HER ALL NIGHT) *9 Rashi gives the following example eg When a father wishes to bless his son or friend he will say 'May you be blessed like Abraham' Similarly in Dt29-18a we could interpret it as The person who sins fancies himself as a blessing to his people; he thinks he is a leader leading them to peace.' COMMENT: Note how this intepretation answers the question in Rashi on Dt29-28a: The NATION is punished for the deeds of the INDIVIDUAL because the NATION INTERACTED WITH him and put up with him See a similar theological Rashi on Lv20-05 | ||||
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*10 There are 3 other theories on the meaning of the hitpael The most popular is that hitpael means REFLEXIVE. I think the verses above prove Rashi correct. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#