Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2003 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 18 Number 16 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h18n11.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Jul 17th, 2003 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
PUN vs LOGIC | Rashi PUNS in form, but derivation is LOGICAL | |
RASHI Omits | Interesting example;Rashi omits the obvious | |
STAT DE JOUR | 80000 Biblical words; only 7100 distint words |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ======================================= | |
Dt07-12a | EXAMPLE8 | As a consequence of watching preceding! | |
Dt07-12b | GRAMMARr | Letter VAV means AND, IF-THEN | |
Dt07-13b | WORD MEANINGS | ASTR=Rows of flocks;TzRa=Ousts poison | |
Dt07-20a | WORD MEANINGS | ASTR=Rows of flocks;TzRa=Ousts poison | |
Dt07-22a | RabbiIshmael | Observance leads to Gods providence | |
Dt08-02a | OTHER VERSES | OBSERVE MITZVAH of DONT TEST | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
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VERSE: Dt07-12a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Dt06-20:25 and Dt07-01:10 ask the Jews to do several commandments - teach their children - dont do favors to idolaters - destroy their idols - Have faith in God - No intermarriage These are DETAILED laws. The chapter concludes with a GENERAL COMMENT -if you observe THESE laws God will watch you Clearly, the phrase THESE LAWS refers to the preceding commandments. Rashi further explains that people tend to act like these commandments are general guidelines on which we dont have to work(eg faith, no favors to idolaters etc). Therefore the Torah emphasizes we should be especially careful about them.*10 | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | GENERALIZED | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #25 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST450d | |
Detail Climax method in | Dt06-20:25, Dt07-01:09 | |
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*10 Traditionally Rashi is understood as making a pun on the Hebrew word Ayin-Kuf-Beth which can simultaneously mean CONSEQUENCE or SIDE ISSUES. So when the verse says that AS A CONSEQUENCE OF OBSERVING THESE LAWS GOD WILL WATCH YOU Rashi claims the verse to mean WHEN YOU OBSERVE THESE COMMANDMENTS WHICH PEOPLE CONSIDER SIDE ISSUES GOD WILL WATCH YOU But that does NOT mean that Rashi was deriving his inference from the PUN - CONSEQUENCE---SIDE-ISSUE. Rather Rashi was being broad and deep; He derived the comment from the overall paragraph structure (DETAIL - GENERAL). He then summarized the comment in the form of a PUN. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
The DETAIL-GENERAL form of Dt06-20:25 and Dt07-01:12. The Torah lists a collection of laws and then advises us that if we observe these laws God will protect us. The overall paragraph structure clearly identifies that the concluding sentence OBSERVE THESE LAWS refers to the PRECEDING LIST OF LAWS | ||
VERSE | Commandment involved - Text of Verse | |
Dt06-20:25 | educate children | |
Dt07-02 | avoid idolaters | |
Dt07-02 | dont do them favors | |
Dt07-03 | no intermarriage | |
Dt07-05 | destroy all their idolatry | |
Dt07-09 | Know God | |
---------- | ------------------------------------- | |
Dt07-11:12 | If you watch these laws God protects | |
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*10 Traditionally Rashi is understood as making a pun on the Hebrew word Ayin-Kuf-Beth which can simultaneously mean CONSEQUENCE or SIDE ISSUES. So when the verse says that AS A CONSEQUENCE OF OBSERVING THESE LAWS GOD WILL WATCH YOU Rashi claims the verse to mean WHEN YOU OBSERVE THESE COMMANDMENTS WHICH PEOPLE CONSIDER SIDE ISSUES. But that does NOT mean that Rashi was deriving his inference from the PUN - CONSEQUENCE---SIDE-ISSUE. Rather Rashi was being broad and deep; He derived the comment from the overall paragraph structure (DETAIL - GENERAL). He then summarized the comment in the form of a PUN. As one peruses the list of Mitzvoth one finds that most of these commandments (all except the prohibition against intermarriage) refer to general guidelines -- faith, not praising idolaters, -- which most people do not devote alot of time to. Hence Rashis observations that people treat these commandments LIGHTLY (Nobody treats FAITH lightly but rather people dont spend time and money on FAITH the way they spend time and money on purchasing Tefillin). In other words we are INTERPRETING LIGHTLY to refer to the AMOUNT OF WORK done for the commandment not to its importance. I think the above represents an alternative way of looking at Rashi |
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VERSE: Dt07-12b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain the laws of Grammar. One law of grammar deals with CONDITIONAL (if-then) statements. Even programming languages differ in their treatment of IF-THEN statements. Some program langauges REQUIRE use of KEYWORDS (IF such and such THEN such and such) This helps avoid ambiguity. But other languages are not so explicit. The Hebrew letter VAV can equally mean AND or IF-THEN. Hence Rashi when viewing a sequence of clauses connected by VAV must indicate which VAV means AND and which means THEN. So we translate Dt07-12 as follows --- As a consequence of listening AND Observing AND Doing these commandments THEN ---- God will watch the convenant... AND He will Love you AND He will bless you | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | SPECIAL WORDS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST005e | |
List of clauses(Dt07-12) | VAV = AND or IF-THEN |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
List of clauses in Dt07-12. The CAPPED words are all written as VAV in Hebrew. Sometimes they mean AND and sometimes they mean IF-THEN In other words Rashis job here is to distinguish between AND and IF. | ||
VAV | TEXT OF CLAUSE | |
As a consequence of listening | ||
AND | Observing | |
AND | Doing these commandments | |
THEN | ||
God will watch the convenant... | ||
AND | He will Love you | |
AND | He will bless you |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt07-13b
RASHIS COVERED: Dt07-13b Dt07-20a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain word meanings the same way dictionaries explain word meanings. In explaining the meaning of roots Rashi very often used a one-letter and two-letter root theory. As I have explained numerous times Rashi DID believe in the Grammatical theory of 3 letter roots as we know them today. However Rashi held that this was a theory of ROOT CONJUGATION. Additionally Rashi believed in a totally different approach to ROOT MEANING. ROOT MEANING is governed by 2-letter roots. EXAMPLE ------- ASTR(Wealthy) = MAKES(AS) ROWS(TR) (of flocks) Tz-R-A(Tzetze flies)=Pushes out (TZ) bad (poison)(RA) Similar examples are provided in the lists below. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 2-4 LETTER ROOTS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
------------------------ | -------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST910b | |
List of roots | With 4 letters (2 sets of 2) | |
------------------------ | -------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST910c | |
List of roots | Where Tzade means PUSH OUT |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||||
List of 4 Letter roots in Rashi and their meanings. The meaning of the list should be clear (eg Gn49-12a contains the word CChLiLi which means DRUNKEN. The concept of DRUNKENNESS is clearly related to SWIRLING (LL) from the PALATE (CCh) activities. Other rows are interpreted similarly.) | |||||
VERSE | HEBREW | TRANSLATION | 1st ROOT | 2nd ROOT | |
Dt07-13b | ASHTAROTH | Wealthy | Makes(AS) | Rows(TR) (of Cattle) | |
Gn49-12a | C Ch L L | Drunken | Swirling (LL) | From Palate(ChC) | |
Ex25-04b | Ar G MN | Purple | Woven(ARg) | For Appointed people(MN) | |
Gn41-45a | T Zv N Th | Wise | Brings out(POA) | the hidden (TzFn) | |
Lv16-08b | A Za Zel | Precipitious Cliff | Going off (AZL) | to Hard Ground(AZ) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
(Rashi Dt07-20a) In this list we show several 3 letter roots whose meaning can be derived from a 1-letter and 2-letter root. The letter Tzade in these roots means to PUSH OUT. Thus Tz-R-A a poisonous fly is a fly that PUSHES OUT (Tzade) EVIL (RA--ie poison) | ||||
3 Lttr Root | Means | Tz=push out | Remainder of root | |
Tz-R-A | Poisonous Fly | pushes-out | evil*1 | |
Tz-V | Bloated | pushed-out | inside | |
Tz-i-H | HeatWave | Pushes out | ||
Tz-V-h | To Command | To push | ||
Tz-D-K | Righteous | Pushes on | Details | |
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*1 We have two (distinct) meanings to this root - Poisonous fly = Pushes out (Tz) evil(ie poison) - Punishment for SLANDER = pushes out(Tz) evil (Talk) |
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VERSE: Dt08-02a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Although many Rashis focus on grammar and meaning, an equally important task of Rashi is to clarify further details using other verses. EXAMPLE ------- Dt08-01:02 states that we should observe all the commandments which we were commanded in order to come and inherit the land; God gave us these trials to see if we would observe these commandments. Which commandments did Moses especially have in mind Rashi suggests that Moses wished to specifically emphasize the commandment prohibiting TESTING GOD (Dt06-16:18). A comparison of language in this commandment and here supports Rashi. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | FURTHER DETAILS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #1 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST210b | |
List of Phrases in | Dt06-16:18 vs Dt08-01:02a |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
We cite the language in Dt08-01:02 and compare it to the language in Dt06-16:18. The similarity of phrases suggests that Moses was specifically addressing the commandment NOT TO TEST GOD | ||
FULL TEXT OF Dt08:01-02 | Selected phrases-Dt06-16:18 | |
All the COMMANDMENTS | commandments of God | |
which I command you today | ||
WATCH TO DO | watch | |
In order that you live | ||
and multiply | ' | |
And Come | in order you come | |
And conquer the land | and conquer the land | |
That God promised your forefathers | God promised forefathers | |
Remember the whole journey | ' | |
that God led you | ' | |
here 40 years in the desert | ' | |
in order to challenge you | ' | |
to test you | Dont test God | |
to know your real self | ' | |
to know whether | ' | |
you will observe his commandments | ' | |
or not | ' |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt07-22a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Although many Rashis explain meaning and grammar several Rashis examine the relation of given verses with other verses. A particularly exciting task of Rashi is when 2 verses contradict each other. Rashis task is to resolve the contradiction.We have presented in our rules, 5 methods of doing this EXAMPLE ------- Lv26-03:06 states that IF WE OBSERVE GODS COMMANDMENTS God will remove wild animals from Israel.By contrast Dt07-22 states that God will conquer the inhabitants of Israel slowly FOR IF HE DID IT QUICKLY THE WILD ANIMALS WOULD COME. Clearly then, Dt07-22 is dealing with the situation where we are not yet righteous enough to enjoy the no-wild-animal protection of Lv26-06 | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | RabbiIshmael | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | TWO CASES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #14 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST510a | |
List of verses with | Contradiction resolved by 2cases |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
A list of verse pairs which cotnradict each other The contradictions are resolved by viewing the 2 verses as two aspects of the same item. | |||
VERSE-1 | VERSE-2 | HOW THE TWO TEXTS ARE COMBINED | |
Dt08-02 | Lv26-06 | WHEN OBSERVANT God protects;ELSE not*1 | |
Nu21-21 | Dt02-26 | MOSES sent delegates on behalf of ISRAEL | |
Ex20-19 | Ex19-20 | Gods voice in HEAVEN;His FIRE on EARTH | |
Ex40-35 | Ex25-22 | Moses at Entrance; Gods by Crubim | |
Ex28-37 | Ex39-30 | Priest MASK went AROUND and OVER head | |
Ex25-03 | Ex30-12 | TAXES for base;VOLUNTARY for vessels | |
Nu04-05 | Nu04-15 | PRIESTS pack; KEHATHITES carry*10 | |
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*1 See Lv26-03. Thus Lv26-03:06 explicitly states that when we observe, God will remove wild animals. Dt08-02 by contrast, explains that conquest of Israel will happen slowly FOR IF IT HAPPEEND QUICKLY WILD ANIMALS WOULD COME (because the Jews moral nature was not yet perfected and the protection of Lv26-03:06 does not yet apply) *11 | |||
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*10 Rashis point is strengthened by the abrupt change of subject ----------------------------------------------- Nu04-04 This is the job the KEHATHITES Nu04-05 The PRIESTS come and cover the articles ... Nu04-15 ..and AFTERWARDS the KEHATHITES come ----------------------------------------------- If one just reads Nu04-04 and Nu04-05 by themselves it appears as if the PRIESTS mentioned in Nu04-05 refer back to the KEHATHITES mentioned in Nu04-04 *11 Interesting Rashi cites a verse in Job rather than the explicit Lv26-03:06. Rashi also does not explicitly mention that he is using the rule of resolving 2 contradictory cases. But that IS what Rashi does. It seems rather straightforward to introduce Lv26-03:06. Rashi probably expected the reader to know this verse since it comes in the great REBUKE---Rashi complements this verses with complementary verses in Job |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#