Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List
             VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT
                  http://www.RashiYomi.com/
                  Surfing the Talmudic Seas

               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2003
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 18 Number 17
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h18n17.htm
               -----------------------------------
                    Produced Jul 18th, 2003

       WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEM WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
Standard Pray Rashi shows Moses had STANDARD PRAYER
RabbiIshmael Interesting use of THEME-DETAIL-THEME method
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =======================================
Dt08-04b WORD MEANINGS DOUGHED LEGS=SWOLLEN;ShMD=No survivors
Dt09-20b WORD MEANINGS DOUGHED LEGS=SWOLLEN;ShMD=No survivors
Dt09-20a OTHER VERSES Aaron built GoldCalf;50% children died
Dt09-20c OTHER VERSES Aaron built GoldCalf;50% children died
Dt09-25a STYLE Moses had standard prayer on rebellion
Dt10-12a GRAMMARr Even though you sinned God loves you
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Dt08-04b
RASHIS COVERED: Dt08-04b Dt09-20b
Dt08-04b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain meaning
the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi
had a variety of methods to infer meaning. In this
posting we review 2 such methods

EXAMPLE--Sh-M-D
---------------
The Hebrew root Sh-M-D is usually translated as
DESTROY. Rashi explains that ShMD means LEAVING
NO CHILDREN. In fact an examination of verses
using this root shows that it more specifically
means NO SURVIVORS. Here we ascertain meaning
by revuing similar verses with this meaning

EXAMPLE--B-Tz-K
---------------
The word B-Tz-K means DOUGH. But every noun (object)
can refer to the verb (activity) which is typically
done with it. So a DOUGHED LEG would be a SWOLLEN
leg since DOUGH typically SWELLS when baked. Here
we identify VERBS(TO DOUGH) and VERB FORMS(SWELLING)
Further supporting lists are presented below
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 8 METHODS OF NAMING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST811d
Revu of verses with Root Sh-M-d meaning Destroy
------------------------ ---------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST050d
List of words with NOUN and VERB meanings
------------------------ ---------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST814a
List of word pairs with Verb and Verb-Form meaning
LIST811d
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

We present a list of verses using the Biblical
root Sh-M-D which traditionally is translated as
DESTROY. We show that it more precisely means
DESTROY with NO SURVIVORS*1 (Dt09-20b)
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE EMPHASIS OF NO SURVIVORS
Gn24-30 I will be destroyed ME AND MY HOUSE
Dt07-23:24 Destory them ERASE THEIR NAME
Dt28-51 Destroy FRUIT of trees/animals
Jo11-14 Destroy Not one SOUL left
Ju21-16 Destroy all Bejaminite women
1K15-29 Destory all people from Yaravam
1K16-13:14 Destroy Bashah and household...and son
Am02-09 Destroy Emory No FRUIT or ROOTS
COMMENTS
*1 Rashi identifies the meaning of Sh-M-D as
-----------------------------------
Destroying and leaving NO CHILDREN
-----------------------------------
However as the above list shows, Sh-M-D
more precisely means to
- leave no children or more generally
- leave no survivors

Thus by examining the list we enrich
our understanding of Rashi
LIST050d
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


We present 3 methods by which OBJECTS (Nouns) acquire
ACTIVITY (verb) meaning
- eg To RECORD = to CREATE a RECORD
- eg To DUST   = to REMOVE dust
- eg To HAMMER = do STANDARD ACTIVITY of hammar

NOUN-VERB VERB Means TYPE
To Plant Creation (planting) of plants Create
To record To Create a record Create
To milk To Create(bring forth) milk Create
To fire*1 To Create a fire(e.g.in a furnace) Create
To build To Create a building Create
To worm To produce/bring forth Worms*2 Create
To BORDER To make borders*3 Create
EMBROIDER Make embroidery*4 Create
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
To dust Removal of dust *5 Remove
To UpRoot To remove the roots(from the ground) Remove
To DeFrost To remove the frost Remove
Blood*6 To remove the blood (ie to KILL) Remove
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
To hammar Do Standard activity done with hammar Standard
To screw Do Standard activity done with screws Standard
To fan Do Standard activity done with a Fan Standard
To Dough Do standard activity with DOUGH*7 Standard
To Fly FLYING-Standard activity of Housefly Standard
COMMENTS
*1 eg To FIRE a furnace

*2 Ex16-20b

*3 Ex19-12a

*4 Ex28-39a EMBROIDER the pants of LINEN
means make them embroidered

*5 Nu04-13b

*6 Lv17-04a

*7 As we have explained it TO DOUGH would mean
to BAKE. Actually we need another step. A verb
can refer to its ACTIVITY FORM. So the 2 steps are
- DOUGH becomes TO DOUGH=to BAKE
- TO DOUGH becomes TO SWELL (form of DOUGH rising)
See LIST814a for more details
LIST814a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

Words named by FORM OF ACTIVITY. For example, a STORM refers
to ALOT of drops. By analogy a BRAINSTORM refers to a ALOT
of thoughts
WORD MEANS FROM MEANING
BrainSTORM ALOT of Thought droplets STORM ALOT of drops
SURF The web BUMPY lookups SURF BUMPY journey
LOUD Dress ALOT of noticability LOUD ALOT of noise
DOUGHED leg SWOLLEN leg DOUGH TO RAISE DOUGH*1
FLY Flying thru air Fly The housefly*1
COMMENTS
*1 There are two steps here
- DOUGH (the object) refers to DOUGH RISING (Verb)
- DOUGH RISING refers to ANY SWELLING

Similarly
- FLY (Housefly) refers to FLIGHT OF HOUSEFLY(Verb)
- HOUSEFLY FLIGHT refers to ANY TYPE OF FLYING

In each case the original narrow meaning (housefly flight,
rising dough) refers to the general activity form.
See LIST050d for further details.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt09-20a
RASHIS COVERED: Dt09-20a Dt09-20c
Dt09-20a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Many Rashis traditionally deal with MEANING and GRAMMAR.
But an equally important task of Rashi is to supplement
a verses meaning with further details from other verses

EXAMPLE 1
---------
Dt09-20 states That God was very angry at Aaron. Further
details are supplied by Ex32-21:25 (and Ex32-01:06) which
state that Aaron built the Golden calf, a very grave sin

EXAMPLE 2
---------
Dt09-20 states that God wanted to destroy Aaron. The
Hebrew word used Sh-M-d means DESTROY WITHOUT SURVIVORS.
This is further illuminated by Nu03-01:04 which shows
that 2 of his 4 children died and 2 survived (So apparently
Moses saved 2 of his children)
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: OTHER VERSES
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS FURTHER DETAILS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #1
SEE BELOW LIST210a
List of verses with Meaning illumined by other verses
LIST210a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

We present a list of verses where
further details of the verse are presented
from other verses.

The classical example is the Passover Hagaddah
example: The verse Dt26-05d, ONLY A FEW JEWS
WENT DOWN TO EGYPT, is illumined by Gn46-27
which states that 70 PEOPLE WENT DOWN TO EGYPT.

Thus the technique of OTHER VERSES teaches
us that A FEW JEWS(Dt26-05d) means 70(Gn46-27)
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE OTHER VRSE DETAILS
Dt09-20a God angry At Aaron Ex32-21:25 Aaron made GoldCalf
Dt09-20c No survivors to Aaron Nu03-01:04 2/4 children died*3
Dt02-23a Cftorim conquered AVIM*2 Jo13-03:10 AVIM were PHILISTIN
Nu33-54b Inherit Israel by Tribes Nu36-03:04 Each tribe-own plot
Lv21-18a Blemish priests no-serve Mal01-08 It is disgusting*1
Lv01-12a the THANK YOU OFFERING Ps127-01 4 Thank Yous
Lv01-05a Slaughter Sacrifice 2Chr30-17 A Levite Can
Ex17-10b Chur 1Ch2-18:19 Kalevs son
Ex35-30a Chur 1Ch2-18:19 Kalevs son
Ex24-14c Chur 1Ch2-18:19 Kalevs son
Dt26-05d A FEW Jews came to Egypt Gn46-27 70 people came
Gn21-23b I treated you NICELY Gn20-15 I gave you LAND
Dt25-13b Dont have big STONES Lv19-36 Big STONE WEIGHTS
Gn26-05e because ABRAHAM OBEYED Gn22-18 He offered Isaac
Ex13-17c Jews afraid of war Nu14-42 Defeat of Jews
COMMENTS
*1 Lv21-18 says
- BLemished priests dont serve BECAUSE blemished
- priests dont serve

Mal01-08 amplifies this
- Would you give a blemished animal to your governor?
- Would he like it? Would he grant your favor?

*2 More details are as follows
------------------------------------------------------------
- Jo13-03 tells us that AVIM were a PHILISTIN nation
- Jo13-10 tells us that God would conquer it for the Jews
- Gn26-18 Tells us that Abraham made a treaty with Avimelech
- Gn20-02 clarifies that Avimelech was King of Pelistim
-------------------------------------------------------------

Hence the Rashi that Joshua could not directly conquer the
AVIM because of the treaty with the Philistines. So God
sent the CAFTORIM to conquer the AVIM and then it was
legal to conquer the land and give it to the Jews.

*3 The Dt09-20 text says that
- God wanted to DESTROY Aaron
- But Moses prayed for him

In LIST811d we have seen that the nuances of the
Hebrew DESTROY means DESTROY with no one left over

Hence the Rashi that
- 2 of Aarons 4 children died( DESTROY=no survivors)
- 2 were spared (Efficacy of Moses prayer)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt09-25a
Dt09-25a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03



VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
Rashi commentators (such as Dr Leibowtiz and Rabbi
Boncheck) are traditionally associated with Rashis
explanations of the WORD (meaning) and SENTENCE(Grammar)

An equally important part of Rashis methods apply to
ENTIRE BIBLICAL PARAGRAPHS. Many people, including
distinguished Rabbis, frequently miss the point that
Rashi is commenting on OVERALL PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE.

The 13 Rabbi Ishmael Rules are actually guidelines
of style. The THEME-DETAIL-THEME method suggests viewing
the paragraph as a whole with the details exemplifying
the general theme.

EXAMPLE
-------
THEME  PRAYER BY GOLDEN CALF Dt09-18:21
DETAIL Many other REBELLIONS Dt09-22:24
THEME  Text of Prayer------- Dt09-25:29

Rashis brilliant insight is that the TEXT OF PRAYER not
only refers to the actual prayer at the Golden calf- but
rather the TEXT OF PRAYER refers to the STANDARD PRAYERS
that Moses made at each rebellion! In other words, in
accordance with Rabbi Ishmael we generalize*1. In fact the
lists below show other prayers of Moses and their similarity
to the Golden Calf prayer (thus showing that this prayer
was sort of a standard prayer)
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS GENERALIZED
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #25
SEE BELOW LIST411c
THEME-DETAIL-THEME method in Dt09-18:29 -Moses prays for Jews
----------------------------- --------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST411d
List of paragraphs where Moses Prayed for Jewish people
COMMENTS
*1 There is innovation here. Rashi does not just generalize
the details. Rather Rashi generalizes the Theme-detail
relation - The prayer listed in the THEME for the Golden
calf was also recited at other rebellions (The DETAIL
section lists 5 other rebellions of the Jews). In
fact List411d below confirms this assertion of Rashi
LIST411c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


The THEME-DETAIL-THEME structure of Dt09-18:29. The structure
implies that Moses prayed the same way on each rebellion.
See LIST411d for further details
SECTION TEXT OF THEME SECTION TEXT OF detail SECTION VERSES
THEME PRAYER BY GOLDEN CALF Dt09-18:21
DETAIL ---------------------- Many other REBELLIONS Dt09-22:24
THEME Text of Prayer*1 Dt09-25:29
COMMENTS
*1 Rashis point-- The text of prayer does NOT just refer to
the specific prayers by the Golden calf--rather, by virtue
of the theme-detail-theme structure, the text of prayer
refers to the general prayers Moses made at each rebellion
LIST411d
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


We present a list of prayers by Moses to avert disaster
to the Jews(For reasons of space we ignore order and
have also modified phraseology--we are only interested
in which THEMES repeat in Moses prayers)

- The left most column contains the prayer
recorded in Dt09-25:29.

- The middle column shows which phrases of this prayer
were used in the prayer for the Golden calf

- The last column shows which phrases in this prayer were
used when Moses prayed on the spy incident.

Overall this lists shows that Moses had standard prayers
to help the Jews.(For reasons of exposition we have
ignored ORDER of phrases and reworded phrases since our
goal was to show which themes are repeated)
Dt09-25:29-GENERAL Ex32-11:14-Gold Calf Nu14-13:20-Spies
Dont destroy your nation Regret your anger Forgive them
which you redeemed from Egypt You redeemed them You saved them
Remember the Patriarchs Remember Patriarchs
Dont review their evil Why get angry You always forgive
God cant save so he destroys? Exodus to destroy? Exodus to destroy?
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt10-12a
Dt10-12a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain
Grammar the same way modern textbooks do.
One class of grammar rules deal with
style--eg how paragraphs should be organized.

Rashi knew 4 methods of connecting consecutive
paragraphs
- CAUSE
- ENABLEMENT
- CONTRAST
- UNIFYING THEME

EXAMPLE Dt09,Dt10-12
--------------------
Dt09 and Dt10 form 2 consecutive Biblical
paragraphs.

-Dt09 describes the continuous rebellions
of the Jews against God

-Dt10-12a states that nevertheless God
loves the Jews--all they need do to earn
this love is to REVERE Him

Thus these 2 paragraphs illustrate the
method of Contrasting paragraphs.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMAR
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: CONSECUTIVE CHAPTERS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST061b
A list of paragraphs showing CONTRAST
LIST061b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

The following Rashis show how the event or command in
the 1st paragraph happens DESPITE the presence of the event
or command in the 2nd paragraph. For example: God still
loves the Jews (Dt10-12a) DESPITE the fact that they rebelled
against Him 5 times (Dt09). Thus these paragraph pairs
illustrate the technique of paragraph CONTRAST
# VERSE TOPIC IN 1st CHAPTER TOPIC IN 2nd CHAPTER
(09) Lv26-01a Being a slave to Non Jew Prohibition of Idolatry*1
(10) Dt29-12a Curses We are before God*2
(11) Lv19-03c Fear Parents Watch Sabbaths*3
(12) Dt22-12a No Shaatnez Tzitzith*4
(--) Dt09, Dt10 Jews rebel against God But God still loves Jews*5
COMMENTS
*1  Rashi not only connects 2 paragraphs. He also connects
all Biblical paragraphs in this chapter. See
footnote *10 for further details


*2 Dt28 gives a long list of curses if the Jews violate
the commandments.

Dt29-12 says "You are all STANDING before God today" In
other words despite the curses for disobediance you are
still here before God(The implication being that no
matter how angry God gets he will not destroy you)

A further support for this theme can come from the
General-particular-General form

Dt28    GENERAL:    Curses for disobediance
Dt29-12 PARTICULAR: You are standing here before God
Dt29-19 GENERAL:    Curses for disobediance

Thus the General-Particular-General form shows that Gods
curses still allow us to "Stand before him"--in other
words they are educative curses not punitive.


*3 In other words (always) "Observe the Sabbaths"
DESPITE a request to the contrary "By your parents"

This can happen if eg your parents ask you to
desecrate the Sabbath.  You must observe the
Sabbath even if your parents request to
the contrary.

And this can be generalized to all Torah laws(that
they take precedence over your parents request)


*4 Wear Tzitzith DESPITE the fact that they may have Shaatnez
Wool and linen together (In the priestly garments made of
Linen the Tzitzith were made of wool--thus the commandment
of Tzitzith OVERRIDES the prohibtion of wearing wool and
linen)

*5 More specifically Rashi (Dt10-12a) states
---------------------------------------------
Despite the 5 rebellions that the Jews did
against God, nevertheless, God still loves
the Jews. In fact Dt10-12 states that all
the Jews need do to earn this love is to
revere God
---------------------------------------------

LONGER FOOTNOTES
*10

On a superficial level Rashi seems to be connecting 2
verses.

Avoid idolatry DESPITE your being a slave to a non jew
(who encourages its violation). Do not think "I will
worship idols now and when I am free I will go
back to believing in God"

On a profound level Rashi sees a unifying theme to this
whole chapter. The chapter encourages observing the
shimitah laws which encourage abstaining from agriculture
once every 7 years so that people can devote themselves
to God and study. If one violates these laws he is
progressively punished. Here is the sequence of
punishments

{LIST} {Paragraphs in BEHAR}
-------------------------------------------------------
VERSE        LAW
------------ ------------------------------------------
Lv25-01:12   Observe the 7 and 50 year Land sabbaticals
Lv25-13:24   If not you will have to sell your MOVABLES
Lv25-25:28   If not you will have to sell your LAND
Lv25-29:34   If not you will have to sell your HOUSE
Lv25-35:38   If not you will have to           LOAN
Lv25-39:46   If not you will have to become a  SLAVE
Lv25-47:54   If not you'll become a  NONJEWISH SLAVE
Lv26-01:03   If not you'll be tempted to    IDOLATRY
---------------------------------------------------------


Thus Rashi does not merely teach juxtaposition of verses
but he also teaches juxtaposition of ALL paragraphs in
the chapter.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#