Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2003 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 18 Number 17 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h18n17.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Jul 18th, 2003 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
Standard Pray | Rashi shows Moses had STANDARD PRAYER | |
RabbiIshmael | Interesting use of THEME-DETAIL-THEME method |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ======================================= | |
Dt08-04b | WORD MEANINGS | DOUGHED LEGS=SWOLLEN;ShMD=No survivors | |
Dt09-20b | WORD MEANINGS | DOUGHED LEGS=SWOLLEN;ShMD=No survivors | |
Dt09-20a | OTHER VERSES | Aaron built GoldCalf;50% children died | |
Dt09-20c | OTHER VERSES | Aaron built GoldCalf;50% children died | |
Dt09-25a | STYLE | Moses had standard prayer on rebellion | |
Dt10-12a | GRAMMARr | Even though you sinned God loves you | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Dt08-04b
RASHIS COVERED: Dt08-04b Dt09-20b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a variety of methods to infer meaning. In this posting we review 2 such methods EXAMPLE--Sh-M-D --------------- The Hebrew root Sh-M-D is usually translated as DESTROY. Rashi explains that ShMD means LEAVING NO CHILDREN. In fact an examination of verses using this root shows that it more specifically means NO SURVIVORS. Here we ascertain meaning by revuing similar verses with this meaning EXAMPLE--B-Tz-K --------------- The word B-Tz-K means DOUGH. But every noun (object) can refer to the verb (activity) which is typically done with it. So a DOUGHED LEG would be a SWOLLEN leg since DOUGH typically SWELLS when baked. Here we identify VERBS(TO DOUGH) and VERB FORMS(SWELLING) Further supporting lists are presented below | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 8 METHODS OF NAMING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST811d | |
Revu of verses with | Root Sh-M-d meaning Destroy | |
------------------------ | --------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST050d | |
List of words with | NOUN and VERB meanings | |
------------------------ | --------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST814a | |
List of word pairs with | Verb and Verb-Form meaning |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
We present a list of verses using the Biblical root Sh-M-D which traditionally is translated as DESTROY. We show that it more precisely means DESTROY with NO SURVIVORS*1 (Dt09-20b) | |||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | EMPHASIS OF NO SURVIVORS | |
Gn24-30 | I will be destroyed | ME AND MY HOUSE | |
Dt07-23:24 | Destory them | ERASE THEIR NAME | |
Dt28-51 | Destroy | FRUIT of trees/animals | |
Jo11-14 | Destroy | Not one SOUL left | |
Ju21-16 | Destroy | all Bejaminite women | |
1K15-29 | Destory | all people from Yaravam | |
1K16-13:14 | Destroy Bashah | and household...and son | |
Am02-09 | Destroy Emory | No FRUIT or ROOTS | |
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*1 Rashi identifies the meaning of Sh-M-D as ----------------------------------- Destroying and leaving NO CHILDREN ----------------------------------- However as the above list shows, Sh-M-D more precisely means to - leave no children or more generally - leave no survivors Thus by examining the list we enrich our understanding of Rashi |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
We present 3 methods by which OBJECTS (Nouns) acquire ACTIVITY (verb) meaning - eg To RECORD = to CREATE a RECORD - eg To DUST = to REMOVE dust - eg To HAMMER = do STANDARD ACTIVITY of hammar | |||
NOUN-VERB | VERB Means | TYPE | |
To Plant | Creation (planting) of plants | Create | |
To record | To Create a record | Create | |
To milk | To Create(bring forth) milk | Create | |
To fire*1 | To Create a fire(e.g.in a furnace) | Create | |
To build | To Create a building | Create | |
To worm | To produce/bring forth Worms*2 | Create | |
To BORDER | To make borders*3 | Create | |
EMBROIDER | Make embroidery*4 | Create | |
--------- | ------------------------------------ | -------- | |
To dust | Removal of dust *5 | Remove | |
To UpRoot | To remove the roots(from the ground) | Remove | |
To DeFrost | To remove the frost | Remove | |
Blood*6 | To remove the blood (ie to KILL) | Remove | |
--------- | ------------------------------------ | -------- | |
To hammar | Do Standard activity done with hammar | Standard | |
To screw | Do Standard activity done with screws | Standard | |
To fan | Do Standard activity done with a Fan | Standard | |
To Dough | Do standard activity with DOUGH*7 | Standard | |
To Fly | FLYING-Standard activity of Housefly | Standard | |
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*1 eg To FIRE a furnace *2 Ex16-20b *3 Ex19-12a *4 Ex28-39a EMBROIDER the pants of LINEN means make them embroidered *5 Nu04-13b *6 Lv17-04a *7 As we have explained it TO DOUGH would mean to BAKE. Actually we need another step. A verb can refer to its ACTIVITY FORM. So the 2 steps are - DOUGH becomes TO DOUGH=to BAKE - TO DOUGH becomes TO SWELL (form of DOUGH rising) See LIST814a for more details |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
Words named by FORM OF ACTIVITY. For example, a STORM refers to ALOT of drops. By analogy a BRAINSTORM refers to a ALOT of thoughts | ||||
WORD | MEANS | FROM | MEANING | |
BrainSTORM | ALOT of Thought droplets | STORM | ALOT of drops | |
SURF The web | BUMPY lookups | SURF | BUMPY journey | |
LOUD Dress | ALOT of noticability | LOUD | ALOT of noise | |
DOUGHED leg | SWOLLEN leg | DOUGH | TO RAISE DOUGH*1 | |
FLY | Flying thru air | Fly | The housefly*1 | |
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*1 There are two steps here - DOUGH (the object) refers to DOUGH RISING (Verb) - DOUGH RISING refers to ANY SWELLING Similarly - FLY (Housefly) refers to FLIGHT OF HOUSEFLY(Verb) - HOUSEFLY FLIGHT refers to ANY TYPE OF FLYING In each case the original narrow meaning (housefly flight, rising dough) refers to the general activity form. See LIST050d for further details. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt09-20a
RASHIS COVERED: Dt09-20a Dt09-20c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Many Rashis traditionally deal with MEANING and GRAMMAR. But an equally important task of Rashi is to supplement a verses meaning with further details from other verses EXAMPLE 1 --------- Dt09-20 states That God was very angry at Aaron. Further details are supplied by Ex32-21:25 (and Ex32-01:06) which state that Aaron built the Golden calf, a very grave sin EXAMPLE 2 --------- Dt09-20 states that God wanted to destroy Aaron. The Hebrew word used Sh-M-d means DESTROY WITHOUT SURVIVORS. This is further illuminated by Nu03-01:04 which shows that 2 of his 4 children died and 2 survived (So apparently Moses saved 2 of his children) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | FURTHER DETAILS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #1 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST210a | |
List of verses with | Meaning illumined by other verses |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
We present a list of verses where further details of the verse are presented from other verses. The classical example is the Passover Hagaddah example: The verse Dt26-05d, ONLY A FEW JEWS WENT DOWN TO EGYPT, is illumined by Gn46-27 which states that 70 PEOPLE WENT DOWN TO EGYPT. Thus the technique of OTHER VERSES teaches us that A FEW JEWS(Dt26-05d) means 70(Gn46-27) | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | OTHER VRSE | DETAILS | |
Dt09-20a | God angry At Aaron | Ex32-21:25 | Aaron made GoldCalf | |
Dt09-20c | No survivors to Aaron | Nu03-01:04 | 2/4 children died*3 | |
Dt02-23a | Cftorim conquered AVIM*2 | Jo13-03:10 | AVIM were PHILISTIN | |
Nu33-54b | Inherit Israel by Tribes | Nu36-03:04 | Each tribe-own plot | |
Lv21-18a | Blemish priests no-serve | Mal01-08 | It is disgusting*1 | |
Lv01-12a | the THANK YOU OFFERING | Ps127-01 | 4 Thank Yous | |
Lv01-05a | Slaughter Sacrifice | 2Chr30-17 | A Levite Can | |
Ex17-10b | Chur | 1Ch2-18:19 | Kalevs son | |
Ex35-30a | Chur | 1Ch2-18:19 | Kalevs son | |
Ex24-14c | Chur | 1Ch2-18:19 | Kalevs son | |
Dt26-05d | A FEW Jews came to Egypt | Gn46-27 | 70 people came | |
Gn21-23b | I treated you NICELY | Gn20-15 | I gave you LAND | |
Dt25-13b | Dont have big STONES | Lv19-36 | Big STONE WEIGHTS | |
Gn26-05e | because ABRAHAM OBEYED | Gn22-18 | He offered Isaac | |
Ex13-17c | Jews afraid of war | Nu14-42 | Defeat of Jews | |
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*1 Lv21-18 says - BLemished priests dont serve BECAUSE blemished - priests dont serve Mal01-08 amplifies this - Would you give a blemished animal to your governor? - Would he like it? Would he grant your favor? *2 More details are as follows ------------------------------------------------------------ - Jo13-03 tells us that AVIM were a PHILISTIN nation - Jo13-10 tells us that God would conquer it for the Jews - Gn26-18 Tells us that Abraham made a treaty with Avimelech - Gn20-02 clarifies that Avimelech was King of Pelistim ------------------------------------------------------------- Hence the Rashi that Joshua could not directly conquer the AVIM because of the treaty with the Philistines. So God sent the CAFTORIM to conquer the AVIM and then it was legal to conquer the land and give it to the Jews. *3 The Dt09-20 text says that - God wanted to DESTROY Aaron - But Moses prayed for him In LIST811d we have seen that the nuances of the Hebrew DESTROY means DESTROY with no one left over Hence the Rashi that - 2 of Aarons 4 children died( DESTROY=no survivors) - 2 were spared (Efficacy of Moses prayer) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt09-25a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ Rashi commentators (such as Dr Leibowtiz and Rabbi Boncheck) are traditionally associated with Rashis explanations of the WORD (meaning) and SENTENCE(Grammar) An equally important part of Rashis methods apply to ENTIRE BIBLICAL PARAGRAPHS. Many people, including distinguished Rabbis, frequently miss the point that Rashi is commenting on OVERALL PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE. The 13 Rabbi Ishmael Rules are actually guidelines of style. The THEME-DETAIL-THEME method suggests viewing the paragraph as a whole with the details exemplifying the general theme. EXAMPLE ------- THEME PRAYER BY GOLDEN CALF Dt09-18:21 DETAIL Many other REBELLIONS Dt09-22:24 THEME Text of Prayer------- Dt09-25:29 Rashis brilliant insight is that the TEXT OF PRAYER not only refers to the actual prayer at the Golden calf- but rather the TEXT OF PRAYER refers to the STANDARD PRAYERS that Moses made at each rebellion! In other words, in accordance with Rabbi Ishmael we generalize*1. In fact the lists below show other prayers of Moses and their similarity to the Golden Calf prayer (thus showing that this prayer was sort of a standard prayer) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS | RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | GENERALIZED | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #25 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST411c | |
THEME-DETAIL-THEME method in | Dt09-18:29 -Moses prays for Jews | |
----------------------------- | -------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST411d | |
List of paragraphs where | Moses Prayed for Jewish people | |
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*1 There is innovation here. Rashi does not just generalize the details. Rather Rashi generalizes the Theme-detail relation - The prayer listed in the THEME for the Golden calf was also recited at other rebellions (The DETAIL section lists 5 other rebellions of the Jews). In fact List411d below confirms this assertion of Rashi |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
The THEME-DETAIL-THEME structure of Dt09-18:29. The structure implies that Moses prayed the same way on each rebellion. See LIST411d for further details | ||||
SECTION | TEXT OF THEME SECTION | TEXT OF detail SECTION | VERSES | |
THEME | PRAYER BY GOLDEN CALF | Dt09-18:21 | ||
DETAIL | ---------------------- | Many other REBELLIONS | Dt09-22:24 | |
THEME | Text of Prayer*1 | Dt09-25:29 | ||
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*1 Rashis point-- The text of prayer does NOT just refer to the specific prayers by the Golden calf--rather, by virtue of the theme-detail-theme structure, the text of prayer refers to the general prayers Moses made at each rebellion |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
We present a list of prayers by Moses to avert disaster to the Jews(For reasons of space we ignore order and have also modified phraseology--we are only interested in which THEMES repeat in Moses prayers) - The left most column contains the prayer recorded in Dt09-25:29. - The middle column shows which phrases of this prayer were used in the prayer for the Golden calf - The last column shows which phrases in this prayer were used when Moses prayed on the spy incident. Overall this lists shows that Moses had standard prayers to help the Jews.(For reasons of exposition we have ignored ORDER of phrases and reworded phrases since our goal was to show which themes are repeated) | |||
Dt09-25:29-GENERAL | Ex32-11:14-Gold Calf | Nu14-13:20-Spies | |
Dont destroy your nation | Regret your anger | Forgive them | |
which you redeemed from Egypt | You redeemed them | You saved them | |
Remember the Patriarchs | Remember Patriarchs | ||
Dont review their evil | Why get angry | You always forgive | |
God cant save so he destroys? | Exodus to destroy? | Exodus to destroy? |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt10-12a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain Grammar the same way modern textbooks do. One class of grammar rules deal with style--eg how paragraphs should be organized. Rashi knew 4 methods of connecting consecutive paragraphs - CAUSE - ENABLEMENT - CONTRAST - UNIFYING THEME EXAMPLE Dt09,Dt10-12 -------------------- Dt09 and Dt10 form 2 consecutive Biblical paragraphs. -Dt09 describes the continuous rebellions of the Jews against God -Dt10-12a states that nevertheless God loves the Jews--all they need do to earn this love is to REVERE Him Thus these 2 paragraphs illustrate the method of Contrasting paragraphs. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMAR | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | CONSECUTIVE CHAPTERS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST061b | |
A list of paragraphs | showing CONTRAST |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
The following Rashis show how the event or command in the 1st paragraph happens DESPITE the presence of the event or command in the 2nd paragraph. For example: God still loves the Jews (Dt10-12a) DESPITE the fact that they rebelled against Him 5 times (Dt09). Thus these paragraph pairs illustrate the technique of paragraph CONTRAST | ||||
# | VERSE | TOPIC IN 1st CHAPTER | TOPIC IN 2nd CHAPTER | |
(09) | Lv26-01a | Being a slave to Non Jew | Prohibition of Idolatry*1 | |
(10) | Dt29-12a | Curses | We are before God*2 | |
(11) | Lv19-03c | Fear Parents | Watch Sabbaths*3 | |
(12) | Dt22-12a | No Shaatnez | Tzitzith*4 | |
(--) | Dt09, Dt10 | Jews rebel against God | But God still loves Jews*5 | |
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*1 Rashi not only connects 2 paragraphs. He also connects all Biblical paragraphs in this chapter. See footnote *10 for further details *2 Dt28 gives a long list of curses if the Jews violate the commandments. Dt29-12 says "You are all STANDING before God today" In other words despite the curses for disobediance you are still here before God(The implication being that no matter how angry God gets he will not destroy you) A further support for this theme can come from the General-particular-General form Dt28 GENERAL: Curses for disobediance Dt29-12 PARTICULAR: You are standing here before God Dt29-19 GENERAL: Curses for disobediance Thus the General-Particular-General form shows that Gods curses still allow us to "Stand before him"--in other words they are educative curses not punitive. *3 In other words (always) "Observe the Sabbaths" DESPITE a request to the contrary "By your parents" This can happen if eg your parents ask you to desecrate the Sabbath. You must observe the Sabbath even if your parents request to the contrary. And this can be generalized to all Torah laws(that they take precedence over your parents request) *4 Wear Tzitzith DESPITE the fact that they may have Shaatnez Wool and linen together (In the priestly garments made of Linen the Tzitzith were made of wool--thus the commandment of Tzitzith OVERRIDES the prohibtion of wearing wool and linen) *5 More specifically Rashi (Dt10-12a) states --------------------------------------------- Despite the 5 rebellions that the Jews did against God, nevertheless, God still loves the Jews. In fact Dt10-12 states that all the Jews need do to earn this love is to revere God --------------------------------------------- | ||||
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*10 On a superficial level Rashi seems to be connecting 2 verses. Avoid idolatry DESPITE your being a slave to a non jew (who encourages its violation). Do not think "I will worship idols now and when I am free I will go back to believing in God" On a profound level Rashi sees a unifying theme to this whole chapter. The chapter encourages observing the shimitah laws which encourage abstaining from agriculture once every 7 years so that people can devote themselves to God and study. If one violates these laws he is progressively punished. Here is the sequence of punishments {LIST} {Paragraphs in BEHAR} ------------------------------------------------------- VERSE LAW ------------ ------------------------------------------ Lv25-01:12 Observe the 7 and 50 year Land sabbaticals Lv25-13:24 If not you will have to sell your MOVABLES Lv25-25:28 If not you will have to sell your LAND Lv25-29:34 If not you will have to sell your HOUSE Lv25-35:38 If not you will have to LOAN Lv25-39:46 If not you will have to become a SLAVE Lv25-47:54 If not you'll become a NONJEWISH SLAVE Lv26-01:03 If not you'll be tempted to IDOLATRY --------------------------------------------------------- Thus Rashi does not merely teach juxtaposition of verses but he also teaches juxtaposition of ALL paragraphs in the chapter. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#