Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2003 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 20 Number 2 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h20n2.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Nov 26st, 2003 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ======================================== | |
Gn33-11c | GRAMMARr | Technical rule:Double letter: NoThaNNu | |
Gn34-16a | GRAMMARr | Technical rule:Double letter: NoThaNNu | |
Ex23-27a | GRAMMARr | Technical rule:Double letter: NoThaNNu | |
Ex23-31a | GRAMMARr | Technical rule:Double letter: NoThaNNu | |
Gn34-12a | WORD MEANINGS | M-H-R=a)quick b)Marry c)Skilled d)Fool | |
Ex22-15b | WORD MEANINGS | M-H-R=a)quick b)Marry c)Skilled d)Fool | |
Ex22-16a | WORD MEANINGS | M-H-R=a)quick b)Marry c)Skilled d)Fool | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
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VERSE: Gn34-12a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn34-12a Ex22-15b Ex22-16a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis goals is to explain meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to explain meaning--today we illustrate the method of UNIFIED MEANING. EXAMPLE Mem-Hey-Resh--Basic idea:QUICK-without HESITATION --------------------------------------------------------- This Biblical root can mean 1) To HURRY (QUICK) 2) SKILLED professional--(works QUICKLY without hesitation) 3) FOOLISHLY (Done too QUICKLY) 4) To give a DOWRY (QUICKEN the marriage(remove hesitation) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | UNIFIED MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST862L | |
List of meanings of | Hebrew root Mem-Hey Resh(QUICKEN) | |
----------------- | ---------------------------- | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | FURTHER DETAILS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #1 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST210z | |
List of verse pairs with | 1 verse illuminating the other |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||
List of meanings of Hebrew root Mem-Hey Resh(QUICKEN) SOURCE: RADACK: Biblical Book of Roots | |||
VERSE | MEANING | Text of verse with M-H-R translated in CAPS | |
Gn45-13 | HURRY | HURRY my father to come down here | |
------ | --- | --------- | |
Ps45-02 | SKILLED | A skilled (facile) scribe | |
Pr22-29 | SKILLED | A person skilled in his profession | |
------ | --- | --------- | |
Is32-04 | FOOLISH | The ears of FOOLS will acquire understanding | |
------ | --- | --------- | |
Ex22-15b | DOWRY | He shall DOWRY her into marriage | |
Ps16-04 | DOWRY | They multiply gODS;they DOWRY other religions | |
Gn34-12a | DOWRY | Require of me PRESENTS/DOWRY; I will give | |
Ex22-16a | DOWRY | The rapist shall pay the DOWRY of virgins | |
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*1 Obviously HURRY=TO QUICKEN *2 A SKILLED person excels at doing things QUICKLY without hesitation *3 One type of FOOLISHNESS is doing things QUICKLY without thinking *4 The DOWRY removes hesitation and QUICKENS the marriage. Note that Ex22-16a uses the OTHER VERSE technique since Dt22-29 specifies that rapists must pay 50 Shekel to their victims (i.e. The DOWRY of virgins is 50). See List210z for the OTHER VERSE technique. See *10 *11 for further details. | |||
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*10 Rav Hirsch suggests that M-H-R comes from M-Ch-R (Price) with the interchange of Chet and Hey. Thus Rav Hirsch would see 3 of the 4 meanings of M-H-R as meaning QUICKLY while DOWRY would be a separate meaning with a separate derivation. *11 Rashi specifically calls the M-H-R the MARRIAGE CONTRACT The Ketuvah is a contract in which the husband promises to pay his wife a certain sum in case of divorce. According to some opinions the Ketuvah is Biblical in force. According to other opinions the Ketuvah is Rabbinic in force (an enactment to discourage divorce) Rashi need not be taking sides here (though he may be of the opinion that the Ketuvah is Biblical, as he says). Rather Rashi is commenting on the double phrase in Gn34-12 PRESENTS AND DOWRY. So Rashi argues that DOWRY must be the LEGAL MARRAIGE COTNRACT and therefore distinct from PRESENTS. But from a purely literary point of view, the M-H-R might be the established custom of DOWRY and still be distinct from the marriage contract. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
List of verses pairs with one verse illuminating another LIST210z CONTINUES LIST210a | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | OTHER VRSE | DETAILS | |
Ex22-16a | the DOWRY OF VIRGINS | Dt22-29 | 50 Biblical dollars | |
Gn33-09a | I dont need your money | Gn27-41*3 | Hatred for stealing | |
Gn20-23b | Childbirth=Lose DISGRACE | Is04-01*1 | Woman singl=disgrace | |
Gn30-37a | A LIVNEH stick | Ho04-13 | LIVNEH=name of tree | |
Gn30-36b | Permit me to leave*2 | Gn31-46 | You STOLE my daughtr | |
Gn28-22b | This willbe HOUSE OF GOD | Gn35-01:08 | altar;remove idols | |
Gn23-02a | Abraham CAME | Gn21-33:34 | CAME from BeerShva | |
Lv01-12a | the THANK YOU OFFERING | Ps127-01 | 4 Thank Yous | |
Lv01-05a | Slaughter Sacrifice | 2Chr30-17 | A Levite Can | |
Dt26-05d | A FEW Jews came to Egypt | Gn46-27 | 70 people came | |
Gn21-23b | I treated you NICELY | Gn20-15 | I gave you LAND | |
Dt25-13b | Dont have big STONES | Lv19-36 | Big STONE WEIGHTS | |
Gn26-05e | because ABRAHAM OBEYED | Gn22-18 | He offered Isaac | |
Ex13-17c | Jews afraid of war | Nu14-42 | Defeat of Jews | |
Ex17-10b | Chur | 1Ch2-18:19 | Kalevs son | |
Ex35-30a | Chur | 1Ch2-18:19 | Kalevs son | |
Ex24-14c | Chur | 1Ch2-18:19 | Kalevs son | |
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*1 Rashi states the following: "If MOTHERS make mistakes it is because they raise children; if SINGLE women make mistakes it is because they try to pick people up" Rashi should be perceived as giving ILLUSTRATIONS of why being without children is disgraceful for women *2 Jacob did not NEED permission to leave with HIS wife But his father-in-law would perceive it as STEALING his daughter. *3 Gn27-41 states that Esauv hated Jacob for stealing the blessing. Gn27-44 states that after a few years this hatred would subside. Hence Gn33-09 with its statement I DONT NEED YOUR MONEY confirms these other 2 verses. |
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VERSE: Gn33-11c
RASHIS COVERED: Gn33-11c Gn34-16a Ex23-27a Ex23-31a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis main goals is to explain grammar. A major function of grammar is to clarify the rules of verb conjugation. EXAMPLE ------- In Hebrew the OBJECT of a verb can be indicated by a suffix - Thus Shin-Mem-Resh (SMR) means TO WATCH - But Shin-Mem-Resh-NUN-VUV means TO WATCH US Here, the suffix NUN-VUV indicates the OBJECT--WHO is being watched (US). Rashi adds a subtlety to this rule: With many roots, the spelling of the ROOT+SUFFIX would involve DOULBE REPEATED LETTERS. Rashi explains that Hebrews custom in such cases is to replace the double letter with a single letter with however a pronunciation linkage to the preceding and succeeding syllable. E.g. --- Nun-Tauv-Nun-NUN-VAV (He gave US) Becomes - Nun-Tauv-NUN-Vav Here the double NUN becomes a single nun with a dagesh and is pronounced No-ThaNNu Rashi throughout his commentary gives about a half dozen examples of this rule | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | VERB CONJUGATION | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST703f | |
List of roots with | Suffix and deleted root letter | |
---------------- | -------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST703c | |
List of word pairs with | small spelling-big meaning differnce |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
List of roots with suffix, and deleted root letter SOURCE: Rashi himself provides this list | ||||
VERSE | ROOT INVOLVED | SHOULD BE | BUT BECOMES*1 | |
Gn33-11c | Cheth-Nun-Nun | Ch-N-N-Ni | Ch-N-Ni*2 | |
Gn34-16a | Nun-Tauv-Nun | N--T-N-Noo | N-T-Noo*2 | |
Ex23-27a | Hey-Mem-Mem | H--M-M-Ti | H-M-Ti*3 | |
Ex23-31a | Shin-Vuv-Tauv | S--T-Ti | S-Ti*4 *10 | |
-------- | --------- | -------- | ------------- | |
Ec02-20 | Sin-Beth-Beth | S--B-B-Ti | S-B-Ti*3 | |
P116-09 | Daleth-Lmd-Lmd | D--L-L-Ti | D-L-Ti*3 | |
1S12-03 | Resh-Tzde-Tzde | R--Tz-Tz-Ti | R-Tz-Ti*3 | |
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*1 As is customary in Hebrew, when a letter is deleted we insert a DAGESH which means we liason the pronunciation with the preceding and succeeding syllables Thus the word is pronounced Cha-NaN-Ni--(Not Cha-Na-Ni). Hence the pronunciation reflects the double letter even though the spelling does not *2 If the TERMINAL letter of the root is NUN while the INITIAL letter of the suffix is NUN then we use one NUN with a dagesh vs two NUN. *3 Here the root has a REPEATED LETTER; one of these repeated letters is deleted *4 Here the INITIAL letter of the suffix is TAUV while the TERMINAL letter of the root is TAUV. Hence the whole word (Root+Suffix) has one Tauv with a dagesh. | ||||
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*10 Rashi also makes comments on the small-spelling--big- meaning difference between VeHaMoTi vs VeHayMatti See LIST703c below for details |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | |||||||
Lists of verb pairs with small spelling-big meaning differences | |||||||
VERSE | #1 | PUNCTUATION#1 | MEANS#1 | #2 | PUNCTUATION#2 | MEANS#2 | |
Ex23-31a | HaMoT | Patach-Cholam | Destroy | HayMT | Tzaray-Patach | Kill*5 | |
Gn24-23b | LLeen | Chirik | NightStay | LLoon | Shuruk | To inn*4 | |
Ex19-18a | OSHON | KAMATZ KAMATZ | Smoke | Oshan | KAMATZ PATACH | To Smoke | |
Gn49-04d | PACAZ | PATACH PATACH | Fiz | PoCaz | KAMATZ PATACH | To Fiz | |
Dt07-23a | HOMAM | KAMATZ PATACH | ToSmash | HOMOM | KAMATZ KAMATZ | Smash Em | |
Gn09-06d | HTHLK | ------------- | Walked | HTHLK | ------------- | Walk*1 | |
Ex01-20a | YehTv | TZARAY SEGOL | helped | YeeTv | CHIRIK SEGOL | good*2 | |
Ex01-19 | YehRv | SEGOL SEGOL*2 | increased | YeeRv | CHIRIK SEGOL | multiplied | |
Gn29-06a | ba-AH | Accent on end | coming | BA-ah | accent-begin | came*3 | |
Gn46-26a | ba-AH | Accent on end | coming | BA-ah | accent-begin | came*3 | |
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*1 In this example the identically spelled word can mean either - he walked (past tense) - walk (Command) Cf The Grammatical tables in the Ibn Shoshan dictionary Table 1 presents the conjugations in question. *2 The words are spelled with the same letters. The minute vowel difference determines whether it is causative(Helped) vs active (Good) *3 The two words have the - same spelling - same letters - differ in placement of accents Cf Gn29-06a vs Gn29-09,Gn46-26a vs Gn46-27 and Gn42-21b vs Gn34-27 *4 See Ibn Shoshan Dictionary Tables 6 and 7. The conjugation of the Biblical root Lamed-Vav-Nun is LLoon not LLeen which should therefore be interpreted as a noun (night-stay) Hence the Rashi on Gn24-23b which uses the word LLeen ------------------------------------------------------ Eliezer used the word LLeen indicating he requested a one night stay. By contrast Rivkah used the word LLoon--the verb form--indicating that he could stay for many nights ------------------------------------------------------ *5 I frequently cite the Ibn Shoshan Dictionary, Volume 5, the Appendix: This gives a short but comprehensive set of grammatical tables. - Table 10, Kal Mode for 1-2-2 verbs: Ve-HaM-Mo-Thi - Table 6: Hifil Mode for 1-v-3 verbs:Ve-Hay-MaT-Ti Ve-HaM-Mo-Thi means to DESTROY; Ve-Hay-MaT-Ti means to kill Although the meanings are similar the conjugations are totally different as Rashi is quick to point out. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#