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               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 20 Number 2
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                    Produced Nov 26st, 2003

       WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEM WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
NEW:QUERY SQL We will provide search engine search strings
PDF VERSION PDF versions of Rashi is Simple on website
QUESTIONS Ask your Rashi questions?Mail RJHendel@Juno.com
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== ========================================
Gn33-11c GRAMMARr Technical rule:Double letter: NoThaNNu
Gn34-16a GRAMMARr Technical rule:Double letter: NoThaNNu
Ex23-27a GRAMMARr Technical rule:Double letter: NoThaNNu
Ex23-31a GRAMMARr Technical rule:Double letter: NoThaNNu
Gn34-12a WORD MEANINGS M-H-R=a)quick b)Marry c)Skilled d)Fool
Ex22-15b WORD MEANINGS M-H-R=a)quick b)Marry c)Skilled d)Fool
Ex22-16a WORD MEANINGS M-H-R=a)quick b)Marry c)Skilled d)Fool
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#
VERSE: Gn34-12a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn34-12a Ex22-15b Ex22-16a
Gn34-12a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis goals is to explain meaning the same way
a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a variety of
vehicles to explain meaning--today we illustrate the method
of UNIFIED MEANING.

EXAMPLE Mem-Hey-Resh--Basic idea:QUICK-without HESITATION
---------------------------------------------------------
This Biblical root can mean
1) To HURRY (QUICK)
2) SKILLED professional--(works QUICKLY without hesitation)
3) FOOLISHLY (Done too QUICKLY)
4) To give a DOWRY (QUICKEN the marriage(remove hesitation)
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS UNIFIED MEANING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST862L
List of meanings of Hebrew root Mem-Hey Resh(QUICKEN)
----------------- ----------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS: OTHER VERSES
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS FURTHER DETAILS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #1
SEE BELOW LIST210z
List of verse pairs with 1 verse illuminating the other
LIST862L
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

List of meanings of      Hebrew root Mem-Hey Resh(QUICKEN)
SOURCE: RADACK: Biblical Book of Roots
VERSE MEANING Text of verse with M-H-R translated in CAPS
Gn45-13 HURRY HURRY my father to come down here
------ --- ---------
Ps45-02 SKILLED A skilled (facile) scribe
Pr22-29 SKILLED A person skilled in his profession
------ --- ---------
Is32-04 FOOLISH The ears of FOOLS will acquire understanding
------ --- ---------
Ex22-15b DOWRY He shall DOWRY her into marriage
Ps16-04 DOWRY They multiply gODS;they DOWRY other religions
Gn34-12a DOWRY Require of me PRESENTS/DOWRY; I will give
Ex22-16a DOWRY The rapist shall pay the DOWRY of virgins
COMMENTS
*1 Obviously HURRY=TO QUICKEN

*2 A SKILLED person excels at doing things QUICKLY without
hesitation

*3 One type of FOOLISHNESS is doing things QUICKLY without
thinking

*4 The DOWRY removes hesitation and QUICKENS the marriage.
Note that Ex22-16a uses the OTHER VERSE technique since
Dt22-29 specifies that rapists must pay 50 Shekel to their
victims (i.e. The DOWRY of virgins is 50). See List210z
for the OTHER VERSE technique. See *10 *11 for further
details.

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rav Hirsch suggests that M-H-R comes from M-Ch-R (Price)
with the interchange of Chet and Hey. Thus Rav Hirsch
would see 3 of the 4 meanings of M-H-R as meaning QUICKLY
while DOWRY would be a separate meaning with a separate
derivation.

*11 Rashi specifically calls the M-H-R the MARRIAGE CONTRACT
The Ketuvah is a contract in which the husband promises
to pay his wife a certain sum in case of divorce.

According to some opinions the Ketuvah is Biblical in
force. According to other opinions the Ketuvah is
Rabbinic in force (an enactment to discourage divorce)

Rashi need not be taking sides here (though he may
be of the opinion that the Ketuvah is Biblical, as
he says). Rather Rashi is commenting on the double
phrase in Gn34-12 PRESENTS AND DOWRY. So Rashi
argues that DOWRY must be the LEGAL MARRAIGE COTNRACT
and therefore distinct from PRESENTS.

But from a purely literary point of view, the M-H-R
might be the established custom of DOWRY and still
be distinct from the marriage contract.
LIST210z
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

List of verses pairs     with one verse illuminating another
LIST210z CONTINUES LIST210a
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE OTHER VRSE DETAILS
Ex22-16a the DOWRY OF VIRGINS Dt22-29 50 Biblical dollars
Gn33-09a I dont need your money Gn27-41*3 Hatred for stealing
Gn20-23b Childbirth=Lose DISGRACE Is04-01*1 Woman singl=disgrace
Gn30-37a A LIVNEH stick Ho04-13 LIVNEH=name of tree
Gn30-36b Permit me to leave*2 Gn31-46 You STOLE my daughtr
Gn28-22b This willbe HOUSE OF GOD Gn35-01:08 altar;remove idols
Gn23-02a Abraham CAME Gn21-33:34 CAME from BeerShva
Lv01-12a the THANK YOU OFFERING Ps127-01 4 Thank Yous
Lv01-05a Slaughter Sacrifice 2Chr30-17 A Levite Can
Dt26-05d A FEW Jews came to Egypt Gn46-27 70 people came
Gn21-23b I treated you NICELY Gn20-15 I gave you LAND
Dt25-13b Dont have big STONES Lv19-36 Big STONE WEIGHTS
Gn26-05e because ABRAHAM OBEYED Gn22-18 He offered Isaac
Ex13-17c Jews afraid of war Nu14-42 Defeat of Jews
Ex17-10b Chur 1Ch2-18:19 Kalevs son
Ex35-30a Chur 1Ch2-18:19 Kalevs son
Ex24-14c Chur 1Ch2-18:19 Kalevs son
COMMENTS
*1 Rashi states the following: "If MOTHERS make mistakes it
is because they raise children; if SINGLE women make
mistakes it is because they try to pick people up"
Rashi should be perceived as giving ILLUSTRATIONS of
why being without children is disgraceful for women

*2 Jacob did not NEED permission to leave with HIS wife
But his father-in-law would perceive it as STEALING
his daughter.

*3 Gn27-41 states that Esauv hated Jacob for stealing the
blessing. Gn27-44 states that after a few years this
hatred would subside. Hence Gn33-09 with its statement
I DONT NEED YOUR MONEY confirms these other 2 verses.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn33-11c
RASHIS COVERED: Gn33-11c Gn34-16a Ex23-27a Ex23-31a
Gn32-26a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis main goals is to explain grammar. A major
function of grammar is to clarify the rules of verb
conjugation.

EXAMPLE
-------
In Hebrew the OBJECT of a verb can be indicated by a suffix
- Thus Shin-Mem-Resh (SMR) means TO WATCH
- But Shin-Mem-Resh-NUN-VUV means TO WATCH US
Here, the suffix NUN-VUV indicates the OBJECT--WHO is being
watched (US).

Rashi adds a subtlety to this rule: With many roots, the
spelling of the ROOT+SUFFIX would involve DOULBE REPEATED
LETTERS. Rashi explains that Hebrews custom in such cases
is to replace the double letter with a single letter with
however a pronunciation linkage to the preceding and
succeeding syllable.

E.g.  --- Nun-Tauv-Nun-NUN-VAV (He gave US)
Becomes - Nun-Tauv-NUN-Vav

Here the double NUN becomes a single nun with a dagesh
and is pronounced No-ThaNNu

Rashi throughout his commentary gives about a half
dozen examples of this rule
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS VERB CONJUGATION
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST703f
List of roots with Suffix and deleted root letter
---------------- --------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST703c
List of word pairs with small spelling-big meaning differnce
LIST703f
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

List of roots with       suffix, and deleted root letter
SOURCE: Rashi himself provides this list
VERSE ROOT INVOLVED SHOULD BE BUT BECOMES*1
Gn33-11c Cheth-Nun-Nun Ch-N-N-Ni Ch-N-Ni*2
Gn34-16a Nun-Tauv-Nun N--T-N-Noo N-T-Noo*2
Ex23-27a Hey-Mem-Mem H--M-M-Ti H-M-Ti*3
Ex23-31a Shin-Vuv-Tauv S--T-Ti S-Ti*4 *10
-------- --------- -------- -------------
Ec02-20 Sin-Beth-Beth S--B-B-Ti S-B-Ti*3
P116-09 Daleth-Lmd-Lmd D--L-L-Ti D-L-Ti*3
1S12-03 Resh-Tzde-Tzde R--Tz-Tz-Ti R-Tz-Ti*3
COMMENTS
*1 As is customary in Hebrew, when a letter is deleted
we insert a DAGESH which means we liason the
pronunciation with the preceding and succeeding syllables

Thus the word is pronounced Cha-NaN-Ni--(Not
Cha-Na-Ni). Hence the pronunciation reflects the
double letter even though the spelling does not

*2 If the TERMINAL letter of the root is NUN while
the INITIAL letter of the suffix is NUN then we use
one NUN with a dagesh vs two NUN.

*3 Here the root has a REPEATED LETTER; one of these
repeated letters is deleted

*4 Here the INITIAL letter of the suffix is TAUV while
the TERMINAL letter of the root is TAUV. Hence the
whole word (Root+Suffix) has one Tauv with a dagesh.

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashi also makes comments on the small-spelling--big-
meaning difference between VeHaMoTi vs VeHayMatti
See LIST703c below for details
LIST703c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03

Lists of verb pairs with small spelling-big meaning differences
VERSE #1 PUNCTUATION#1 MEANS#1 #2 PUNCTUATION#2 MEANS#2
Ex23-31a HaMoT Patach-Cholam Destroy HayMT Tzaray-Patach Kill*5
Gn24-23b LLeen Chirik NightStay LLoon Shuruk To inn*4
Ex19-18a OSHON KAMATZ KAMATZ Smoke Oshan KAMATZ PATACH To Smoke
Gn49-04d PACAZ PATACH PATACH Fiz PoCaz KAMATZ PATACH To Fiz
Dt07-23a HOMAM KAMATZ PATACH ToSmash HOMOM KAMATZ KAMATZ Smash Em
Gn09-06d HTHLK ------------- Walked HTHLK ------------- Walk*1
Ex01-20a YehTv TZARAY SEGOL helped YeeTv CHIRIK SEGOL good*2
Ex01-19 YehRv SEGOL SEGOL*2 increased YeeRv CHIRIK SEGOL multiplied
Gn29-06a ba-AH Accent on end coming BA-ah accent-begin came*3
Gn46-26a ba-AH Accent on end coming BA-ah accent-begin came*3
COMMENTS
*1 In this example the identically spelled word can mean either
- he walked (past tense)
- walk (Command)

Cf The Grammatical tables in the Ibn Shoshan dictionary
Table 1 presents the conjugations in question.

*2 The words are spelled with the same letters. The minute
vowel difference determines whether it is causative(Helped)
vs active (Good)


*3 The two words have the
- same spelling
- same letters
- differ in placement of accents
Cf Gn29-06a vs Gn29-09,Gn46-26a vs Gn46-27 and
Gn42-21b vs Gn34-27

*4 See Ibn Shoshan Dictionary Tables 6 and 7.
The conjugation of the Biblical root Lamed-Vav-Nun
is LLoon not LLeen which should therefore be interpreted
as a noun (night-stay)

Hence the Rashi on Gn24-23b which uses the word LLeen
------------------------------------------------------
Eliezer used the word LLeen indicating he requested
a one night stay. By contrast Rivkah used the word
LLoon--the verb form--indicating that he could stay
for many nights
------------------------------------------------------

*5 I frequently cite the Ibn Shoshan Dictionary, Volume 5,
the Appendix: This gives a short but comprehensive
set of grammatical tables.

- Table 10, Kal Mode for 1-2-2 verbs: Ve-HaM-Mo-Thi
- Table 6: Hifil Mode for 1-v-3 verbs:Ve-Hay-MaT-Ti

Ve-HaM-Mo-Thi means to DESTROY;
Ve-Hay-MaT-Ti means to kill

Although the meanings are similar the conjugations are
totally different as Rashi is quick to point out.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
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