Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 21 Number 18 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h21n18.htm ----------------------------------- Produced April 22-nd, 2004 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
WHITE DEEP | Novel interpretation of WHITE DEEPER THAN SHADE | |
DATABASE | A peachy example of Database methods | |
LIGHTNING | THE LIGHTNING SUMMARIES*1 | |
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*1 The most frequent complaint I get is I DONT HAVE ENOUGH TIME TO READ YOUR VERY INTERESTING RASHI MATERIAL. Hence, we introduced THE LIGHTNING SUMMARIES. For each list in this issue we summarize in ONE LINE the punchline of Rashi. IF ALL YOU HAVE TIME FOR, IS READING 8-10 LINES THIS IS THE PLACE TO GO! |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
9 | 703c | TaHaRaH = Uncleanliness; TaHaRaHHHH = HER Uncleanliness | |
7 | 854z | DEEP APPEARANCE means a DEEP WOUND (vs SKIN abrasion) | |
27 | 605t | It is UNCLEAN vs The PRIEST will UNCLEAN it=PRONOUNCE UNCLEAN | |
19 | 160a | Place blood on ear;& oil on ear ON BLOOD(=>Blood must be 1st) | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. Thus if all you see in the 3rd column is ------------------------------------ Aaron BLESSED=THE PRIESTLY BLESSING ------------------------------------ This means that -- the verse states that Aaron BLESSED -- but an OTHER VERSE indicates which BLESSING Aaron gave (He gave the Priestly Blessing) If the reader is now curious (s)he can review LIST210z which shows many other examples of the OTHER VERSE method. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Lv14-17a | REPETITION | Repeat-phrase emphasizes essentiality | |
Lv13-20a | NEW MEANINGS | DEEP appearance = DEEP wound | |
Lv13-03b | NEW MEANINGS | DEEP appearance = DEEP wound | |
Lv13-03c | DATABASE | Certain Toomah requires PRONOUNCEMENT | |
Lv14-36a | DATABASE | Certain Toomah requires PRONOUNCEMENT | |
Lv12-04b | GRAMMARr | TaHaRaHHHH vs TaHaRaH:Noun/Possesive | |
Lv12-04c | GRAMMARr | TaHaRaHHHH vs TaHaRaH:Noun/Possesive | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv13-03c
RASHIS COVERED: Lv13-03c Lv14-36a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently comments by making broad database queries and noting patterns. The example today is a peach of an example showing how deep inferences can be made by broad but simply formulated database queries. EXAMPLE-Lv13-03c Lv14-36a ------------------------- We make a query of BEING IN A STATE OF UNCLEANLINESS We see 4 formulations - IT IS UNCLEAN (Adjective form) - You will BECOME UNCLEAN (Active Mode) - You can BECOME UNCLEAN (Reflexive mode) However by contrast we find throuhgout the leprosy laws - The priest shall UNCLEAN IT (Causative mode) Here we have coined the term TO UNCLEAN...to make unclean. From this contrast Rashi infers - other uncleanlinesses are OBJECTIVE (eg a pig is unclean) - Leprosy uncleanliness must be DECLARED (If the priest declares the person unclean he becomes unclean; otherwise even though he has all the leprosy signs he is not yet UNCLEAN till the Priest declares it) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | DATABASES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | DATABASES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #27 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST605t | |
Query of | IT IS UNCLEAN vs UNLCEAN IT(Declare it) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
Query of IT IS UNCLEAN vs UNLCEAN IT(Declare it) | ||||
VERSE | FORMULATION | TEXT OF VERSE | DOMAIN | |
Lv11-04 | Adjective | IT IS UNCLEAN | Kashruth | |
Lv11-29 | Adjective | These are UNCLEAN... | The Dead | |
------ | --------- | -------------------------- | -------- | |
Lv11-24 | Reflexive | You can BECOME UNCLEAN by it | The Dead | |
------ | --------- | -------------------------- | -------- | |
Lv11-24 | Active Mode | BE UNCLEAN TILL EVE | The Dead | |
Lv11-32 | Active Mode | Shall Become UNCLEAN | The Dead | |
Lv12-04 | Active Mode | She shall become UNCLEAN | Birth | |
------ | --------- | -------------------------- | -------- | |
Lv13-03c | Causative Mode | The PRIEST SHALL UNCLEAN IT | Leprosy | |
Lv13-20 | Causative Mode | The PRIEST SHALL UNCLEAN IT | Leprosy*1 | |
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*1 Thus the table is clear - Other UNCLEANLINESS is OBJECTIVE--it is a state or reality Birth CREATES a state of uncleanliness - By contrast, Leprosy uncleanliness must be DECLARED -- the leprosy signs by themselves do not confer UNCLEANLINESS until a PRIEST formally DECLARES the person UNCLEAN. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv12-04b
RASHIS COVERED: Lv12-04b Lv12-04c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is the explanation of Grammar. Rashi used the method of NEAR MISSES to teach grammar EXAMPLE Lv12-04b Lv12-04c ------------------------- - TaHaRaH means UNCLEANLINESS - TaHaRaHHH means HER UNCLEANLINESS In other words the extra ASPIRATED H at the word end indicates the POSSESSIVE (HER uncleanliness) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | VERB CONJUGATION | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST703c | |
List of word pairs with | small spelling-big meaning differnce |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||||
Lists of word pairs with small spelling-big meaning differences | |||||||
VERSE | #1 | PUNCTUATION#1 | MEANS#1 | #2 | PUNCTUATION#2 | MEANS#2 | |
Lv12-04b | THRH | Unaspirated H | Cleanlins | THRHH | Aspirated Hey | Her Clnlins | |
Ex07-27a | MMAyN | Two Mem | To refuse | MAyn | One mem | obstinat*6 | |
Ex07-14a | KaVyd | Kamatz-Tzaray | Heavy | KaVad | Kamatz-Patach | be Heavy*6 | |
Gn47-15a | AaFyS | Kamatz-Tzaray | Dwindled | E-Fes | Segol-Segol | Nothing*6 | |
Ex23-31a | HaMoT | Patach-Cholam | Destroy | HayMT | Tzaray-Patach | Kill*5 | |
Gn24-23b | LLeen | Chirik | NightStay | LLoon | Shuruk | To inn*4 | |
Ex19-18a | OSHON | KAMATZ KAMATZ | Smoke | Oshan | KAMATZ PATACH | To Smoke | |
Gn49-04d | PACAZ | PATACH PATACH | Fiz | PoCaz | KAMATZ PATACH | To Fiz | |
Dt07-23a | HOMAM | KAMATZ PATACH | ToSmash | HOMOM | KAMATZ KAMATZ | Smash Em | |
Gn09-06d | HTHLK | ------------- | Walked | HTHLK | ------------- | Walk*1 | |
Ex01-20a | YehTv | TZARAY SEGOL | helped | YeeTv | CHIRIK SEGOL | good*2 | |
Ex01-19 | YehRv | SEGOL SEGOL*2 | increased | YeeRv | CHIRIK SEGOL | multiplied | |
Gn29-06a | ba-AH | Accent on end | coming | BA-ah | accent-begin | came*3 | |
Gn46-26a | ba-AH | Accent on end | coming | BA-ah | accent-begin | came*3 | |
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*1 In this example the identically spelled word can mean either - he walked (past tense) - walk (Command) Cf The Grammatical tables in the Ibn Shoshan dictionary Table 1 presents the conjugations in question. *2 The words are spelled with the same letters. The minute vowel difference determines whether it is causative(Helped) vs active (Good) *3 The two words have the - same spelling - same letters - differ in placement of accents Cf Gn29-06a vs Gn29-09,Gn46-26a vs Gn46-27 and Gn42-21b vs Gn34-27 *4 See Ibn Shoshan Dictionary Tables 6 and 7. The conjugation of the Biblical root Lamed-Vav-Nun is LLoon not LLeen which should therefore be interpreted as a noun (night-stay) Hence the Rashi on Gn24-23b which uses the word LLeen ------------------------------------------------------ Eliezer used the word LLeen indicating he requested a one night stay. By contrast Rivkah used the word LLoon--the verb form--indicating that he could stay for many nights ------------------------------------------------------ *5 I frequently cite the Ibn Shoshan Dictionary, Volume 5, the Appendix: This gives a short but comprehensive set of grammatical tables. - Table 10, Kal Mode for 1-2-2 verbs: Ve-HaM-Mo-Thi - Table 6: Hifil Mode for 1-v-3 verbs:Ve-Hay-MaT-Ti Ve-HaM-Mo-Thi means to DESTROY; Ve-Hay-MaT-Ti means to kill Although the meanings are similar the conjugations are totally different as Rashi is quick to point out. *6 - KAMATZ-PATACH is a VERB form - KAMATZ-TZARAY is an ADJECTIVE form - SEGOL-SEGOL is a NOUN form. The difference between a VERB and ADJECTIVE is as follows - The VERB form could denote a one time TRANSIENT activity - The ADJECTIVE form denotes a PERMANANT attribute The KAMATZ-TZARAY is adjective form #2 in Ibn Shoshan Hence - AFayS Kasef means the MONEY HAS DWINDLED - KAVAYD LAYV PHAROH means Pharoh was OBSTINATE - MAYN LESHLAYACH means Pharoh was OBSTINATE about letting the Jews go. Perhaps this will clarify. MEMaAYN PHAROH would mean Pharoh REFUSED, denoting a possibly one-time transient activity while MaAYN PHAROH means PHAROH was OBSTINATE (it was part of his personality to always refuse freedom to the slaves) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv13-20a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv13-20a Lv13-03b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis main goals is to explain word meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a variety of vehicles by which to explain meaning. Frequently Rashi will explain new idiomatic usage of known words. EXAMPLE Lv13-20a Lv13-03b ------------------------- In discussion of the LEPROSY WOUNDS the Bible uses the phrases DEEP APPEARANCE or SHALLOW APPEARANCE. Rashi interprets this as an idiom meaning that the wound appears DEEP (vs a superficial skin abrasion). This is similar to the English phrase: DEEP WOUND | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NEW MEANINGS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST854z | |
List of 2-3 word | Biblical idioms |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY LIST854z continues LIST854d | ||||
VERSE | BIBLICAL PHRASE | TRANSLATION | NOTES | |
Lv13-20a | SHALLOW APPEARANCE | DEEP wound | *8 *11 | |
Lv13-03b | DEEP APPEARANCE | DEEP wound | *8 *11 | |
Lv01-15c | BLOOD BE SQUEEZED | Squash animal on wall | *7 | |
Ex30-27f | BY ITSELF BY ITSELF | Equally for each one | ||
Ex30-04a | SIDE OF SIDES | Corner | *6 | |
Ex14-05b | CHANGE OF HEART | Changed his mind | ||
Gn43-29a | FIND GRACE | Wish(ed) you well | *5 | |
Gn24-57a | ASK HER MOUTH | Discuss/get opinions | *4 | |
Ex12-06d | BETWEEN THE EVES | NOON | *3 | |
Gn37-03a | SON OF OLD AGE | Youngest | *1 | |
Gn37-26b | COVER BLOOD | Conceal murder | *2 | |
Ex21-21a | DAY OR DAYS | 24 hours | ||
Lv13-39a | DULL WHITE | DULL WHITE | ||
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*1 Rashi points out 3 equally possible meanings - Youngest son (Son born while father was ELDERLY) - Wisest son (ELDER=WISDOM) - Son who resembles father (despite old age he still looks like son) *2 This is an example of a DOUBLE METONOMY Blood is ASSOCIATED with life and COVER is associated with denial. Hence COVER-BLOOD=conceal-murder *3 NOON is the midpoint between EVE and DAWN. Hence NOON is the BETWEEN THE EVES. *4 The context is the proposed marriage of 15 year old Rivkah to Isaac from another country. The offer had been made by the servant of Abraham to Rivkahs family The Biblical text states: Let us(her parents) ASK HER MOUTH This is the ONLY time in the Bible that this phrase occurs(The verb ASK occurs frequently). Apparently this phrase means - Lets DISCUSS or LETS GET AN OPINION*10 Such an interpretation is appropriate for a marriage decision *5 FIND-GRACE can equally mean I WISH YOU WELL or YOU WERE WISHED WELL. Rashi points out that GRACE by itself has this same connotation (Without the full phrase FIND GRACE). See LIST854g for further details *6 Tzade-Lamed-Ayin means SIDE (and hence can refer to the RIBS). Thus Ex30-04 speaks about the SIDE OF SIDES--that is the CORNER. *7 Actually the idiom consists of two parts - SQUEEZE the blood - use of the passive (Blood is SQUEEZED) Hence the idea that the slaughtered animal is pushed against the altar wall until the blood oozes forth. *8 In other words the WHITE PATCHES on the skin appear to be a DEEP WOUND (rather than a superficial skin discoloring) *11 | ||||
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*10 Hence the Rashi on Gn24-57b: The Biblical text states that Rivkah responded: I WILL GO. But Rashi, surprisingly states: I WILL GO WHETHER YOU LIKE IT OR NOT. Why did Rashi read such an emphasis into the simple question and answer ------------------------------------------ PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man RIVKAH: I will go. ------------------------------------------ The answer is that the Bible says ------------------------------------------ PARENTS: We will DISCUSS THE MATTER with her; get her opinion PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man RIVKAH: I will go. ------------------------------------------ Thus the context shows that Rivkah was not INTERESTED IN A DISCUSSION--she had already made up her mind *11 Rashi appears to say the following --------------------------------------- ALL WHITE appears deep; like the SUNLIT part appears deeper than the SHADE --------------------------------------- But the sunlit part does NOT appear deeper than shade. Hence we interpret this Rashi as follows -------------------------------------------- [The skin whiteness is not speckled but] ALL WHITE; [it appears] deep like a BURN appears deeper than just on SURFACE OF SKIN --------------------------------------------- By comparing the capped words in these two interpretations of Rashi we infer that we interpret - ChaMMaH as meaning BURN vs SUNLIT - SHADE as referring to non-burnt skin (vs shade) We also interpret -- [The skin is] ALL WHITE (not speckled); It appears... vs -- ALL WHITE APPEARS DEEP (This is a change in punctuation) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv14-17a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINT SUMMARY --------------- A very popular obvious method of Biblical exegesis is to infer nuances from repetition. A classic inference from repetition is RESTRICTIVE interpretation. EXAMPLE Lv14-17a ---------------- - Priest places BLOOD on EAR - Priest places OIL on EAR ---- ON THE BLOOD RASHI ----- We are ALREADY told to place BLOOD on the ear and then place OIL on the ear. The REPEATED EMPHASIS (...ON THE BLOOD) implies that the BLOOD MUST be first (If it just said: BLOOD ON EAR, OIL ON EAR I would infer that you should place Blood/Oil on ear but it doesnt really matter which comes first) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | REPETITION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | RESTRICTIVE MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #19 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST160a | |
A list of inferences | From REPEATED PHRASES |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
A list of inferences From REPEATED PHRASES | |||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | MEANING OF REPETITION | |
Nu04-04a | The HOLY of HOLIES | Holiest part of temple | |
Ex31-15a | A SABBATH of SABBATHS*1 | Even cooking prohibited | |
Lv13-49a | Y-R-K-R-K (GreenReen) | The GREENEST of GREENS*2 | |
Lv13-49b | A-D-M-D-M (Reded) | The REDEST of REDS*2 | |
Gn28-11a | He prayed by THE PLACE..PLACE*3 | >THE PLACE<=the Temple | |
Gn37-15a | And a MAN found him..THE MAN.*4 | >THE MAN<=AProphet/Angel | |
-------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------- | |
Lv01-08d | wood on fire ON ALTAR ON ALTAR | No wood protruding*5 | |
Lv14-17a | Blood on ear;Oil on ear ON BLOOD | BLOOD must be first*5 | |
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*1 Ex31-15b further points out that all holidays which are referred to as >SABBATH of SABBATH< (Ex31-15, Lv23-32) have prohibitions of both WORK and EATING. By contrast all holidays which are only called >SABBATH< (Lv23-23 and Lv23-39) only have a prohibition of Work but not a prohibition of COOKING. This is fully discussed at http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h6n12.htm) *2 This is fully discussed in http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n23.htm Ibn Ezra seems to disagree and state that GReenReen means a light green (which would contradict this list). But as I show in that posting, Ibn Ezra retracted what he said in his commentary on Ps45-03. In fact Ibn Ezra simply points out that he was testing the consistency of this rule against all doubled roots. To make a long story short we reviewed all roots & found possible problems with only 2 verses, Ps38-11 and Songs6-1. However we can properly translate these verses Ps38-11 would be translated as >My heart FLUTTERS (intense back and forth motion)<; Similarly Songs6-1 would be translated as >Dont avoid me simply because I am very SUNBURNED (an intense form of DAWN-COLOR)< *3 Many of the examples in this list are CONSTRUCTS e.g. The HOLY of HOLIES. Future additions to this list will emphasize examples similar to Lv01-08d *4 So the repeated word MAN must refer to the narrow meaning of the Hebrew ISH which means A DISTINGUISHED man such as an Angel or Judge. *5 In legal terminology the repetition creates ESSENTIALITY - The wood is on the altar; and MUST be on the altar - Blood on ear; oil on ear; and the blood MUST come first |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#