Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 21 Number 20 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h21n20.htm ----------------------------------- Produced May 2-nd, 2004 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
LIGHTNING | THE LIGHTNING SUMMARIES*1 | |
Rambam-rashi | Rambam analysis clarifies Rashi*2 | |
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*1 The most frequent complaint I get is I DONT HAVE ENOUGH TIME TO READ YOUR VERY INTERESTING RASHI MATERIAL. Hence, we introduced THE LIGHTNING SUMMARIES. For each list in this issue we summarize in ONE LINE the punchline of Rashi. IF ALL YOU HAVE TIME FOR, IS READING 8-10 LINES THIS IS THE PLACE TO GO! *2 We show how the LIST approach to Rashi clarifies an analysis of the Kesef Mishneh and Mishneh LeMelech on a very difficult Rambam. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
7 | 854z | CAST A LOT=lottery;PLACE A LOT=place ticket on winner | |
11 | 308a | Sprinkle blood:ONCE on TOP/SEVEN on BOTTOM | |
26 | 106r | Sprinkle Ox blood of PRIEST|NATION, 1 on top|7 on bottom | |
26 | 106s | Sprinkle Ox blood of PRIEST|NATION, 1 on top|7 on bottom | |
26 | 106t | DONT STEAL=DONT KIDNAP in Ex20;equals DONT STEAL in Lv19 | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. Thus if all you see in the 3rd column is ------------------------------------ Aaron BLESSED=THE PRIESTLY BLESSING ------------------------------------ This means that -- the verse states that Aaron BLESSED -- but an OTHER VERSE indicates which BLESSING Aaron gave (He gave the Priestly Blessing) If the reader is now curious (s)he can review LIST210z which shows many other examples of the OTHER VERSE method. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Lv16-08a | WORD MEANINGS | CAST A LOT=PLACE A LOT=Do a lottery | |
Lv16-14a | ALIGNMENT | SPRINKLE 1 on top/7 on bottom | |
Lv16-14b | ALIGNMENT | SPRINKLE 1 on top/7 on bottom | |
Lv16-15a | BULLET/PARAGRPH | Both nation/priest oxen:1 top;7 bttom | |
Lv16-15b | BULLET/PARAGRPH | Both nation/priest oxen:1 top;7 bttom | |
Lv19-11a | BULLET/PARAGRPH | DONT STEAL=kidnap(Ex20);Steal(Lv19) | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
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VERSE: Lv16-08a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis main goals is to explain word meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a variety of vehicles by which to explain meaning. Frequently Rashi will explain new idiomatic usage of known words. EXAMPLE Lv16-08a ---------------- There are a variety of Biblical phrases denoting casting a lot. Some examples are - SHOOT A LOT Jo18-06 - THROW A LOT Jo18-08 - RAISE A LOT Jo18-11 - PLACE A LOT Lv16-08 - CAST A LOT Is34-17 | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NEW MEANINGS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST854z | |
List of 2-3 word | Biblical idioms |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY LIST854z continues LIST854d | ||||
VERSE | BIBLICAL PHRASE | TRANSLATION | NOTES | |
Lv16-08a | PLACE A LOT | Have a lottery | *9 | |
Lv13-20a | SHALLOW APPEARANCE | DEEP wound | *8 *11 | |
Lv13-03b | DEEP APPEARANCE | DEEP wound | *8 *11 | |
Lv01-15c | BLOOD BE SQUEEZED | Squash animal on wall | *7 | |
Ex30-27f | BY ITSELF BY ITSELF | Equally for each one | ||
Ex30-04a | SIDE OF SIDES | Corner | *6 | |
Ex14-05b | CHANGE OF HEART | Changed his mind | ||
Gn43-29a | FIND GRACE | Wish(ed) you well | *5 | |
Gn24-57a | ASK HER MOUTH | Discuss/get opinions | *4 | |
Ex12-06d | BETWEEN THE EVES | NOON | *3 | |
Gn37-03a | SON OF OLD AGE | Youngest | *1 | |
Gn37-26b | COVER BLOOD | Conceal murder | *2 | |
Ex21-21a | DAY OR DAYS | 24 hours | ||
Lv13-39a | DULL WHITE | DULL WHITE | ||
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*1 Rashi points out 3 equally possible meanings - Youngest son (Son born while father was ELDERLY) - Wisest son (ELDER=WISDOM) - Son who resembles father (despite old age he still looks like son) *2 This is an example of a DOUBLE METONOMY Blood is ASSOCIATED with life and COVER is associated with denial. Hence COVER-BLOOD=conceal-murder *3 NOON is the midpoint between EVE and DAWN. Hence NOON is the BETWEEN THE EVES. *4 The context is the proposed marriage of 15 year old Rivkah to Isaac from another country. The offer had been made by the servant of Abraham to Rivkahs family The Biblical text states: Let us(her parents) ASK HER MOUTH This is the ONLY time in the Bible that this phrase occurs(The verb ASK occurs frequently). Apparently this phrase means - Lets DISCUSS or LETS GET AN OPINION*10 Such an interpretation is appropriate for a marriage decision *5 FIND-GRACE can equally mean I WISH YOU WELL or YOU WERE WISHED WELL. Rashi points out that GRACE by itself has this same connotation (Without the full phrase FIND GRACE). See LIST854g for further details *6 Tzade-Lamed-Ayin means SIDE (and hence can refer to the RIBS). Thus Ex30-04 speaks about the SIDE OF SIDES--that is the CORNER. *7 Actually the idiom consists of two parts - SQUEEZE the blood - use of the passive (Blood is SQUEEZED) Hence the idea that the slaughtered animal is pushed against the altar wall until the blood oozes forth. *8 In other words the WHITE PATCHES on the skin appear to be a DEEP WOUND (rather than a superficial skin discoloring) *11 *9 The Bible uses a variety of phrases to indicate lotteries such as - SHOOT A LOT Jo18-06 - THROW A LOT Jo18-08 - RAISE A LOT Jo18-11 - PLACE A LOT Lv16-08 - CAST A LOT Is34-17 *12 | ||||
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*10 Hence the Rashi on Gn24-57b: The Biblical text states that Rivkah responded: I WILL GO. But Rashi, surprisingly states: I WILL GO WHETHER YOU LIKE IT OR NOT. Why did Rashi read such an emphasis into the simple question and answer ------------------------------------------ PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man RIVKAH: I will go. ------------------------------------------ The answer is that the Bible says ------------------------------------------ PARENTS: We will DISCUSS THE MATTER with her; get her opinion PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man RIVKAH: I will go. ------------------------------------------ Thus the context shows that Rivkah was not INTERESTED IN A DISCUSSION--she had already made up her mind *11 Rashi appears to say the following --------------------------------------- ALL WHITE appears deep; like the SUNLIT part appears deeper than the SHADE --------------------------------------- But the sunlit part does NOT appear deeper than shade. Hence we interpret this Rashi as follows -------------------------------------------- [The skin whiteness is not speckled but] ALL WHITE; [it appears] deep like a BURN appears deeper than just on SURFACE OF SKIN --------------------------------------------- By comparing the capped words in these two interpretations of Rashi we infer that we interpret - ChaMMaH as meaning BURN vs SUNLIT - SHADE as referring to non-burnt skin (vs shade) We also interpret -- [The skin is] ALL WHITE (not speckled); It appears... vs -- ALL WHITE APPEARS DEEP (This is a change in punctuation) *12 Superficially these phrases seem to be the same However Rashi on Lv16-08 states that PLACE A LOT means CASTING A LOT and PLACING the WINNING/LOSING TICKETS on the winners/losers. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv16-14a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv16-14a Lv16-14b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- A powerful Rashi technique is the ALIGNMENT method in which almost similar verses are aligned. The minor differences between them sheds light on nuances and details. An equally powerful use of alignment is to infer meaning of unknown terms EXAMPLE Lv16-14 --------------- The verse states - He will spinkle [once] ON [top of] the Ark Cover - He will sprinkle [7 times] BEFORE [on bottom] The braketed phrases indicate the interpretation of the nuances of the different phrases. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NUANCES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #11 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST308a | |
List of | NUMBER(1,7) and PLACE of Sprinkles |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
List of NUMBER(1,7) and PLACE of Sprinkles | |||||
VERSE | Phrase1*10 | Phrase2 | Phrase3 | Phrase4 | |
Lv16-14a | he will sprinkle | on | the ark cover | ||
Lv16-14b | he will sprinkle | 7 times | before | the ark cover | |
Differs | *1 | *2 | *3 | *1 | |
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*1 This is the same phrase in both verses *2 The contrast seems to be SPRINKLE SEVEN vs SPRINKLE ONCE *3 The contrast seems to be SPRINKLE ON TOP vs ON BOTTOM | |||||
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*10 We have reversed the verse order for purposes of illustrating the alignment |
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VERSE: Lv16-15a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv16-15a Lv16-15b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently infers conclusions from the OVERALL PARAGRAPH structure and its development style EXAMPLE Lv16-06:15 ------------ - TOPIC: YOM KIPPUR OFFERINGS -- (Lv16-06) Aaron OFFERS the OX OF THE HIGH PRIEST ---(Lv16-07:10)--------------- Aaron casts lot on 2 goats ---(Lv16-09) ----------------- Goat with lot to God=NATION-GOAT ---(Lv16-11) Aaron SLAUGHTERS the OX-of-HIGH PRIEST ---(Lv16-12:13)------------------- Aaron offers incense ---(Lv16-14) Aaron SPRINKLES OX-of-HIGH-PRIEST BLOOD ------------ He Sprinkles once on top and 7 on bottom ---(Lv16-15) Aaron offers GOAT of NATION-- ------------ He does to it exactly like to Blood of Ox Rashi illuminates the complicated nested paragraph structure We see clearly 2-3 themes woven in this paragraph - The theme of the OX-PRIEST offering - The theme of the INCENSE offering - The theme of the GOAT-NATION offering As can be seen, verses, 6,11,14 form one paragraph explaining what is done to the OX-PRIEST. Verse 15 then tells us to treat the blood of the GOAT-NATION exactly like they treat the blood of the OX-PRIEST | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | BULLETS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | BULLETING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #26 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST106r | |
Outline of | Yom Kippur Ceremony | |
----------------------- | ----------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST106s | |
Outline of | Yom Kippur Ceremony |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Outline of Yom Kippur Ceremony LIST106r continues in LIST106s | |||
PROCEDURE | Done to OX of HIGH PRIEST | Do to NATION GOAT | |
TAKE it | Lv16-04 | Lv16-05 | |
OFFER it | Lv16-06,Lv16-11 | Lv16-09 | |
SLAUGHTER it | Lv16-11 | Lv16-15 | |
SPRINKLE Blood | Lv16-14*1 | Lv16-15*1 | |
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*1 From the parallel paragraphs Rashi infers that BOTH the OX of the HIGH PRIEST as well as the GOAT of the NATION had an identical blood ceremony: ONCE on TOP and SEVEN on BOTTOM |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
Outline of Yom Kippur Ceremony LIST106s continues LIST106r | ||||
VERSE | PRIEST OX | GOAT OF NATION*1 | TOPIC OF VERSE | |
Lv16-03 | Take OX | |||
Lv16-04 | Priestly clothes | |||
Lv16-05 | Take GOATS | |||
Lv16-06 | Offer OX | |||
Lv16-07 | Lottery on Goats | |||
Lv16-08 | Lottery on Goats | |||
Lv16-09 | Goat for sin offering | |||
Lv16-10 | Other goat | |||
Lv16-11 | Slaugther | |||
Lv16-12 | Incense | |||
Lv16-13 | Incense | |||
Lv16-14 | Blood*2 | |||
Lv16-15 | Blood sprinkling*2 | |||
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*1 Notice how their are THREE paragraph procedures interwoven with each other. Together they say that - an OX for the HIGH PRIEST will be offered - a GOAT for the NATION will be offered - The blood of both the OX and GOAT is treated the same way *2 The blood is sprinkled ONCE ON TOP and SEVEN on BOTTOM |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv19-11a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently infers conclusions from the OVERALL PARAGRAPH structure and its development style EXAMPLE Lv19 vs Ex20 -------------------- Both Lv19-11 and Ex20-13 contain the prohibition of theft. However the CONTEXT of Lv19 is MONETARY LAWS while the CONTEXT of Ex20 are CAPITAL CRIMES. Hence, because of context, we interpret the DONT STEAL in Ex20 as a prohibition of KIDNAPPING(Which carries a death penalty) while the DONT STEAL in Lv19 is interpreted monetarily. This inference from paragraph context is further amplified below | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | BULLETS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | BULLETING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #26 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST106t | |
List of | Topics in Lv19 vs Ex20 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of Topics in Lv19 vs Ex20 | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSES | VERSE | VERSE TEXT | |
Lv19-09 | Leave over gleanings for poor | Ex20-02 | Gods existence | |
Lv19-10 | Leave over gleanings for Poor | Ex20-03:06 | No idolatry | |
Lv19-11 | No theft*1 | Ex20-13 | No theft*1 | |
Lv19-12 | No oaths (of denial) | Ex20-07 | False oaths | |
Lv19-13 | Dont withold wages | Ex20-08:11 | Sabbath | |
Lv19-14 | No obstacles before blind | Ex20-12 | Honor parents | |
Lv19-15 | No favoritism in justice | |||
Ex20-13 | No adultery | |||
Lv19-16 | Protect peoples lives | Ex20-13 | No murder | |
Ex20-14 | No coveting | |||
Lv19-17 | No hatred; do rebuke | |||
Lv19-18 | Love thy neighbor as thyself | |||
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*1 Rashis exact language is as follows ------------------------------------------------- The NO THEFT prohibitgion in Lv19 occurs in a context and paragraph of MONETARY LAWS while the NO THEFT in Ex20 occurs in a context of CAPITAL CRIMES. Hence the NO THEFT in Ex20 is interpreted (because of context) to refer to KIDNAPPING (A capital crime of theft) -------------------------------------------------- To analyze this Rashi we follow the Kesef Mishneh and Mishneh LeMelech commentary to Rambam Laws of Theft 1:1 It is pointed out that CAPITAL CRIMES do exist in Lv19 (For example Lv19-16: Protect peoples lives; similarly Lv19-12 prohibits OATHS which can have capital implications). On the other side, Ex20-12 only asks to HONOR PARENTS While there IS a capital crime if you CURSE your parents most violations of HONORING PARENTS dont carry a death penalty. Hence it would be shallow to interpret Rashi as claiming that ALL of Lv19 is MONETARY and ALL of Ex20 is CAPITAL The deep and mature way to analyze these two chapters is as follows: - The PREDOMINANT MOOD of Lv19 is monetary--most of the laws: charity to poor, theft, witholding, rebuke, helping peoples lives are monetary in nature. - By contrast, the PREDOMINANT MOOD of Ex20 is CAPITAL -- most of the laws: idolatry, Sabbath, murder, adultery have a capital COMPONENT (Some aspect which carries a death penalty). Hence the proper way to interpret the NO THEFT prohibitions in these two chapters is as follows: - NO THEFT in Lv19 refers ONLY to monetary theft - NO THEFT in Ex20 refers to ALL TYPES OF THEFT--both monetary and kidnapping. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#