Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List
             VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT
                  http://www.RashiYomi.com/
                  Surfing the Talmudic Seas

               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 22 Number 12
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h22n12.htm
               -----------------------------------
                    Produced June 30-th, 2004

       WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEM WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
Intro FAQ We continue a month project on an INTRO FAQ*1
Amend Rashi A Good example where Rashi text must be amended
COMMENTS
*1 Several people have asked me for a website FAQ telling
people where to go for various things.

Accordingly I am going to do one Q&A (Question and Answer)
per issue until the FAQ is ready.

IF DURING THIS PROCESS YOU WOULD LIKE A PARTICULAR
ISSUE ADDRESSED (eg How do I...) FEEL FREE TO EMAIL
ME AT rjhendel@Juno.com. (The question will be published
in your name unless you ask me to preserve anonymity)

Todays Q&A may be found in the green footnote section in
footnote *10


LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 QUESTION: You sometimes change what Rashi says. Isnt
this dangerous? How do you justify it? Why should we
listen to you?

ANSWER #1
We provide 3 answers to this question.

A simple example of a Rashi emendation occurs in Nu23-15b
Rashi says that the Hebrew word IKKaReH occurs in the
HITPAEL (interactive) mode.

But the form IKKaReH belongs to the NIFAL (Passive) mode
We never find this form in the HITPAEL Mode.

We therefore must amend the Rashi text to read that
IKKaReH is in the NIFAL mode.

This is not dangerous BECAUSE WE CAN JUSTIFY EVERYTHING
we do by lists of similar forms. In fact we use Moshe
Silberman's Grammatical Form Konkordance to provide
these lists.

From our perspective the important point is the IDEA
Rashi was advocating--namely use of GRAMMATICAL form
We take this idea and apply our knowledge of lists
of GRAMMATICAL form to infer what Rashi meant to say.
This is not dangerous. On the contrary it is enriching
LIGHTNING SUMMARIES
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10
# LIST BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES
11 306b ALL STAFF vs STAFF; Some staff had left;didnt expect curse
9 703c Overview of 4 grammar forms:e.g. K-B-B command=Kovno
9 703d B-R-X INTENSE Past Single 3rd Masculine: HE BLESSED
9 703e K-B-B ACTIVE Past Single 2nd Masculine: HE CURSED
9 703f K-R-H PASSIVE Future Single 1st Masculine:ACCIDENT Will HAPPEN
COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =====================================
Nu23-20c GRAMMARr Kov=Curse;Kabotho=cursed;BayRch=bless
Nu23-13a GRAMMARr Kov=Curse;Kabotho=cursed;BayRch=bless
Nu23-27a GRAMMARr Kov=Curse;Kabotho=cursed;BayRch=bless
Nu23-15b GRAMMARr Kov=Curse;Kabotho=cursed;BayRch=bless
Nu23-17z ALIGNMENT ALL STAFF vs STAFF;some had left
--------- ---------------- -------------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu23-20c
RASHIS COVERED: Nu23-20c N23-13a Nu23-20c Nu23-15b
Nu23-27a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain grammar the
same way grammar textbooks do. A major function of
grammar is the explanation of root conjugation.

Two important Rashi methods in grammar are
- the explanation of rare root conjugation
- the explanation of almost identical conjugation pairs


EXAMPLE Nu23-27a Nu23-13a
-------------------------
The root K-B-B is a DOUBLE LETTER ROOT.
- The FUTURE (Will curse) is VeKaBoTho
- The COMMAND (Curse) is VeKavNo

The use of these 2 different words shows
a shift in nuance:
- The first time Balak ORDERED Balak to curse
- The 2nd time Balak REQUESTED that Balak WILL curse

This is an example of a conjugation pair that is
almost identical


EXAMPLE Nu23-20c
----------------
Normally the intense mode is conjugated with an EE sound
-- YeeNaK.
But when the 2nd root letter is guttural an AY sound
may be used
-- BayRaych.

This is an example of a rare conjugation.

EXAMPLE Nu23-15b
----------------
The form IKKaReH is the PASSIVE FUTURE for 1-2-Hey
roots. (Our current Rashi text calls this INTERACTIVE
but this is clearly an error---since the form is
passive). Since KRH means ACCIDENT it follows that
Balak states: I WILL LET A PROPHETIC ACCIDENT HAPPEN
TO ME HERE (Which is the way non jews think of
prophecy)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
---------------
In reviewing examples we benefit from 2 good sources
- The Appendix of the IBN SHOSHAN Dictionary which contains
a list of 10 tables with the MOST COMMON conjugation
forms. This 10 page list is very good (More detailed
several 100 page books exist..but this summary is tops)

- The Moshe Silberman Grammatical Form Konkordance which
contains a list of all Biblical words grouped by root
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS ROOT CONJUGATION
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST703c
List of Overview of Conjugation of 4 roots
------------------------ ----------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST703d
List of verses with INTENSE conjugation form BayRaych
------------------------ ----------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST703e
List of verses with PAST conjugation form KaBoTho
------------------------ ----------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST703f
List of verses with PASSIVE conjugation form IKKaReh
LIST703c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of Overview of Conjugation of 4 roots
VERSE ROOT TEXT MODE TIME PLURAL Who G TABLE
Nu23-27a K-V-V KaBoTho Active Past Single 2nd M 10*10
Nu23-13a K-V-V KavNo Active Command Single M 10*1
Nu23-20c B-R-Ch BayRaych Intense Past Single 1st M 5*2
Nu23-15b K-R-H IKKaReH Passive Future Single 1st M 9*3
COMMENTS
*1 The command form of the 1-2-2 (Double) roots is KOV
However when a suffix is attached the OH sound changes
to an AW sound (KawvNo)

*2 Table 5 gives BeeRaych. However before a Guttural
the EEE sound changes to an AY sound. Examples are
given in the list LIST703d

*3 The text of Rashi in the DAVKA CD Rom states that this
is the reflexive tense. But all examples of this form
are PASSIVE and there are no examples of HITPAEL in this
form except with dental letters. Hence we think it
proper to amend the Rashi text to reflect that this is
the PASSIVE.

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The Numbers in this column refer to tables in the
Ibn Shoshan Dictionary, Volume 5, Appendix.
LIST703d
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with INTENSE conjugation form BayRaych*1
VERSE ROOT TEXT OF VERSE (With root translation capped)
Nu23-20c B-R-X God has BLESSED them;I will not retract
Dt05-01 B-A-R Moses began to EXPLAIN this Torah
P010-03 B-R-X The thief CURSES / DESPISES God
Ju05-18 X-R-F Zevulun SACRIFICED themselves on battlefield
Ex07-14 M-A-N Phaorh is stubborn;he REFUSED to let Jews go
COMMENTS
*1 The examples in this list come from the Moshe Silberman
Grammatical Form Konkordance

FORM 3307.13 INTENSE Past Singular 1st Person Masculine
LIST703e
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with      PAST conjugation form KaBoTho
VERSE ROOT TEXT OF VERSE (With root translation capped)
Nu23-27a K-V-V Maybe God will OK it and you WILL CURSE them
Ex31-18 C-L-H God gave to Moses when HE FINISHED speaking
Ex26-13 C-S-H The leftover skins is spreadout to COVER it
P034-01 S-N-H when he CHANGED his appearance...
Ex06-10 S-V-H on the day that He COMMANDED
COMMENTS
*1 The examples in this list come from the Moshe Silberman
Grammatical Form Konkordance

FORM 1219 ACTIVE PAST SING M 2nd SUFFICE
LIST703f
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with      PASSIVE conjugation form IKKaReh*10
VERSE ROOT TEXT OF VERSE (With root translation capped)
Jb22-23 B-N-H If you return to God then you will be REBUILT
Is43-02 C-V-H When you go in fire you will not be BURNT
Gn19-15 S-F-H Take your wife/2 daughters lest you be CONSUMED
Gn41-24 N-K-H You will be FREED from my oath when you arrive
Lv24-20 N-T-N As he gives a blow so will be GIVEN TO HIM
Nu23-15b K-R-H I will let prophetic accidents HAPPEN to me here
COMMENTS
*1 The examples in this list come from the Moshe Silberman
Grammatical Form Konkordance

FORM  2980.3,4,5 PASSIVE Future Sing 2nd Person masculine

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Our current Rashi text states that the form is the
INTERACTIVE MODE (HITHPAEL). But all examples of this
form are in the PASSIVE MODE (NIFAL) Hence we feel
justified in changing the Rashi text.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu23-17z
Nu23-17z
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 methods in explaining Biblical exegesis
is to use the ALIGNMENT method. In the ALIGNMENT method
we align almost identical verses, word for word. The
minor differences in these verses illumines nuances

EXAMPLE Nu23-17a
----------------
- Nu23-06 ALL of Balaks staff waited for Bilams Curse
- Nu23-17a------ Balaks staff waited for Bilams curse

RASHI: The 2nd time only SOME (not ALL) of the staff
waited. When they saw that God would not allow the
curse the first time they gave up!
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: ALIGNMENT
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NUANCES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #11
SEE BELOW LIST306b
Alignment of 2 verses ALL STAFF vs STAFF;some had l
LIST306b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Alignment of 2 verses    ALL STAFF vs STAFF;some had left
VERSE PHRASE1 PHRASE2 PHRASE3 PHRASE4
Nu23-06 He RETURNED to him; behold...; he and ALL staff
Nu23-17a He CAME to him; behold HIM he and sfaff
Differs *1 *2 *3 *4
COMMENTS
*1 In Nu23-06 Bilam RETURNED...He thought like Balak that
God would allow the curse

But in Nu23-17a Bilam CAME...he didnt RETURN...he knew
that he couldnt curse the Jews

*2 Same phrase in both verses

*3 The first time everyone expected God to curse them
The second time only Balak expected; hence the BEHOLD HIM
- Bilam no longer expected a curse from GOD (CAME vs RETURNED)
- BALAKs staff deserted him (he and ALL staff vs he and staff)

*4 he and ALL staff vs he and staff. ALL Balaks staff was with
him the first time. But when they saw that God did not
let the curse many of his staff retracted and returned.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#