Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 22 Number 12 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h22n12.htm ----------------------------------- Produced June 30-th, 2004 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
Intro FAQ | We continue a month project on an INTRO FAQ*1 | |
Amend Rashi | A Good example where Rashi text must be amended | |
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*1 Several people have asked me for a website FAQ telling people where to go for various things. Accordingly I am going to do one Q&A (Question and Answer) per issue until the FAQ is ready. IF DURING THIS PROCESS YOU WOULD LIKE A PARTICULAR ISSUE ADDRESSED (eg How do I...) FEEL FREE TO EMAIL ME AT rjhendel@Juno.com. (The question will be published in your name unless you ask me to preserve anonymity) Todays Q&A may be found in the green footnote section in footnote *10 | ||
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*10 QUESTION: You sometimes change what Rashi says. Isnt this dangerous? How do you justify it? Why should we listen to you? ANSWER #1 We provide 3 answers to this question. A simple example of a Rashi emendation occurs in Nu23-15b Rashi says that the Hebrew word IKKaReH occurs in the HITPAEL (interactive) mode. But the form IKKaReH belongs to the NIFAL (Passive) mode We never find this form in the HITPAEL Mode. We therefore must amend the Rashi text to read that IKKaReH is in the NIFAL mode. This is not dangerous BECAUSE WE CAN JUSTIFY EVERYTHING we do by lists of similar forms. In fact we use Moshe Silberman's Grammatical Form Konkordance to provide these lists. From our perspective the important point is the IDEA Rashi was advocating--namely use of GRAMMATICAL form We take this idea and apply our knowledge of lists of GRAMMATICAL form to infer what Rashi meant to say. This is not dangerous. On the contrary it is enriching |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
11 | 306b | ALL STAFF vs STAFF; Some staff had left;didnt expect curse | |
9 | 703c | Overview of 4 grammar forms:e.g. K-B-B command=Kovno | |
9 | 703d | B-R-X INTENSE Past Single 3rd Masculine: HE BLESSED | |
9 | 703e | K-B-B ACTIVE Past Single 2nd Masculine: HE CURSED | |
9 | 703f | K-R-H PASSIVE Future Single 1st Masculine:ACCIDENT Will HAPPEN | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Nu23-20c | GRAMMARr | Kov=Curse;Kabotho=cursed;BayRch=bless | |
Nu23-13a | GRAMMARr | Kov=Curse;Kabotho=cursed;BayRch=bless | |
Nu23-27a | GRAMMARr | Kov=Curse;Kabotho=cursed;BayRch=bless | |
Nu23-15b | GRAMMARr | Kov=Curse;Kabotho=cursed;BayRch=bless | |
Nu23-17z | ALIGNMENT | ALL STAFF vs STAFF;some had left | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu23-20c
RASHIS COVERED: Nu23-20c N23-13a Nu23-20c Nu23-15b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain grammar the same way grammar textbooks do. A major function of grammar is the explanation of root conjugation. Two important Rashi methods in grammar are - the explanation of rare root conjugation - the explanation of almost identical conjugation pairs EXAMPLE Nu23-27a Nu23-13a ------------------------- The root K-B-B is a DOUBLE LETTER ROOT. - The FUTURE (Will curse) is VeKaBoTho - The COMMAND (Curse) is VeKavNo The use of these 2 different words shows a shift in nuance: - The first time Balak ORDERED Balak to curse - The 2nd time Balak REQUESTED that Balak WILL curse This is an example of a conjugation pair that is almost identical EXAMPLE Nu23-20c ---------------- Normally the intense mode is conjugated with an EE sound -- YeeNaK. But when the 2nd root letter is guttural an AY sound may be used -- BayRaych. This is an example of a rare conjugation. EXAMPLE Nu23-15b ---------------- The form IKKaReH is the PASSIVE FUTURE for 1-2-Hey roots. (Our current Rashi text calls this INTERACTIVE but this is clearly an error---since the form is passive). Since KRH means ACCIDENT it follows that Balak states: I WILL LET A PROPHETIC ACCIDENT HAPPEN TO ME HERE (Which is the way non jews think of prophecy) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: --------------- In reviewing examples we benefit from 2 good sources - The Appendix of the IBN SHOSHAN Dictionary which contains a list of 10 tables with the MOST COMMON conjugation forms. This 10 page list is very good (More detailed several 100 page books exist..but this summary is tops) - The Moshe Silberman Grammatical Form Konkordance which contains a list of all Biblical words grouped by root | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | ROOT CONJUGATION | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST703c | |
List of | Overview of Conjugation of 4 roots | |
------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST703d | |
List of verses with | INTENSE conjugation form BayRaych | |
------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST703e | |
List of verses with | PAST conjugation form KaBoTho | |
------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST703f | |
List of verses with | PASSIVE conjugation form IKKaReh |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||||||
List of Overview of Conjugation of 4 roots | |||||||||
VERSE | ROOT | TEXT | MODE | TIME | PLURAL | Who | G | TABLE | |
Nu23-27a | K-V-V | KaBoTho | Active | Past | Single | 2nd | M | 10*10 | |
Nu23-13a | K-V-V | KavNo | Active | Command | Single | M | 10*1 | ||
Nu23-20c | B-R-Ch | BayRaych | Intense | Past | Single | 1st | M | 5*2 | |
Nu23-15b | K-R-H | IKKaReH | Passive | Future | Single | 1st | M | 9*3 | |
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*1 The command form of the 1-2-2 (Double) roots is KOV However when a suffix is attached the OH sound changes to an AW sound (KawvNo) *2 Table 5 gives BeeRaych. However before a Guttural the EEE sound changes to an AY sound. Examples are given in the list LIST703d *3 The text of Rashi in the DAVKA CD Rom states that this is the reflexive tense. But all examples of this form are PASSIVE and there are no examples of HITPAEL in this form except with dental letters. Hence we think it proper to amend the Rashi text to reflect that this is the PASSIVE. | |||||||||
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*10 The Numbers in this column refer to tables in the Ibn Shoshan Dictionary, Volume 5, Appendix. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with INTENSE conjugation form BayRaych*1 | |||
VERSE | ROOT | TEXT OF VERSE (With root translation capped) | |
Nu23-20c | B-R-X | God has BLESSED them;I will not retract | |
Dt05-01 | B-A-R | Moses began to EXPLAIN this Torah | |
P010-03 | B-R-X | The thief CURSES / DESPISES God | |
Ju05-18 | X-R-F | Zevulun SACRIFICED themselves on battlefield | |
Ex07-14 | M-A-N | Phaorh is stubborn;he REFUSED to let Jews go | |
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*1 The examples in this list come from the Moshe Silberman Grammatical Form Konkordance FORM 3307.13 INTENSE Past Singular 1st Person Masculine |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with PAST conjugation form KaBoTho | |||
VERSE | ROOT | TEXT OF VERSE (With root translation capped) | |
Nu23-27a | K-V-V | Maybe God will OK it and you WILL CURSE them | |
Ex31-18 | C-L-H | God gave to Moses when HE FINISHED speaking | |
Ex26-13 | C-S-H | The leftover skins is spreadout to COVER it | |
P034-01 | S-N-H | when he CHANGED his appearance... | |
Ex06-10 | S-V-H | on the day that He COMMANDED | |
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*1 The examples in this list come from the Moshe Silberman Grammatical Form Konkordance FORM 1219 ACTIVE PAST SING M 2nd SUFFICE |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with PASSIVE conjugation form IKKaReh*10 | |||
VERSE | ROOT | TEXT OF VERSE (With root translation capped) | |
Jb22-23 | B-N-H | If you return to God then you will be REBUILT | |
Is43-02 | C-V-H | When you go in fire you will not be BURNT | |
Gn19-15 | S-F-H | Take your wife/2 daughters lest you be CONSUMED | |
Gn41-24 | N-K-H | You will be FREED from my oath when you arrive | |
Lv24-20 | N-T-N | As he gives a blow so will be GIVEN TO HIM | |
Nu23-15b | K-R-H | I will let prophetic accidents HAPPEN to me here | |
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*1 The examples in this list come from the Moshe Silberman Grammatical Form Konkordance FORM 2980.3,4,5 PASSIVE Future Sing 2nd Person masculine | |||
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*10 Our current Rashi text states that the form is the INTERACTIVE MODE (HITHPAEL). But all examples of this form are in the PASSIVE MODE (NIFAL) Hence we feel justified in changing the Rashi text. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu23-17z
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 methods in explaining Biblical exegesis is to use the ALIGNMENT method. In the ALIGNMENT method we align almost identical verses, word for word. The minor differences in these verses illumines nuances EXAMPLE Nu23-17a ---------------- - Nu23-06 ALL of Balaks staff waited for Bilams Curse - Nu23-17a------ Balaks staff waited for Bilams curse RASHI: The 2nd time only SOME (not ALL) of the staff waited. When they saw that God would not allow the curse the first time they gave up! | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NUANCES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #11 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST306b | |
Alignment of 2 verses | ALL STAFF vs STAFF;some had l |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
Alignment of 2 verses ALL STAFF vs STAFF;some had left | |||||
VERSE | PHRASE1 | PHRASE2 | PHRASE3 | PHRASE4 | |
Nu23-06 | He RETURNED | to him; | behold...; | he and ALL staff | |
Nu23-17a | He CAME | to him; | behold HIM | he and sfaff | |
Differs | *1 | *2 | *3 | *4 | |
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*1 In Nu23-06 Bilam RETURNED...He thought like Balak that God would allow the curse But in Nu23-17a Bilam CAME...he didnt RETURN...he knew that he couldnt curse the Jews *2 Same phrase in both verses *3 The first time everyone expected God to curse them The second time only Balak expected; hence the BEHOLD HIM - Bilam no longer expected a curse from GOD (CAME vs RETURNED) - BALAKs staff deserted him (he and ALL staff vs he and staff) *4 he and ALL staff vs he and staff. ALL Balaks staff was with him the first time. But when they saw that God did not let the curse many of his staff retracted and returned. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#