Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 22 Number 13 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h22n13.htm ----------------------------------- Produced July 2-nd, 2004 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
Intro FAQ | We continue a month project on an INTRO FAQ*1 | |
POETRY | A solid explanation of Poetry principles | |
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*1 Several people have asked me for a website FAQ telling people where to go for various things. Accordingly I am going to do one Q&A (Question and Answer) per issue until the FAQ is ready. IF DURING THIS PROCESS YOU WOULD LIKE A PARTICULAR ISSUE ADDRESSED (eg How do I...) FEEL FREE TO EMAIL ME AT rjhendel@Juno.com. (The question will be published in your name unless you ask me to preserve anonymity) Todays Q&A may be found in the green footnote section in footnote *10 | ||
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*10 QUESTION: You sometimes change what Rashi says. Isnt this dangerous? How do you justify it? Why should we listen to you? ANSWER #2 We provide 3 answers to this question. My favorite example of Rashi amendation occurs in Gn32-05a The verse says that JACOB LIVED WITH LABAN Rashi says that the numerical value of the letters in the Hebrew word for LIVED WITH in the verse is equal to the numerical value 613--this proves that Jacob observed all 613 commandments!!! I proposed the following explanation/amendation of Rashi: The actual Hebrew/English word used in the Biblical text is I HAVE SOJOURNED WITH LABAN. The word SOJOURN has nuances of not being established. But Jacob had married two wives, worked for the local residents and had been there 20 years! The obvious reason for using the word SOJOURN is because Jacob felt unconformtable---because he was observing the commandments while Laban was a scoundrel. The question is why people should accept my interpretation of what Rashi really meant to say. There are a variety of reasons - this explanation comes from Rabbi Joseph B Soloveitchick - this explanation is presented by the Chizkuni - this explanation is supported by lists of verses with the words SOJOURN vs LIVE/RESIDE. The lists clearly show that SOJOURN connotes temporary stay while RESIDE denotes permanant residence. Finally I should emphasize what we accomplish by using my amended explanation of Rashi. - Rashi gave an example based on numerical value---such an explanation is not a METHOD--it cannot be reproduced and used over and over. It does not make the student a better reader of the Bible. - By contrast my interpretation is based on the method of SYNONYM NUANCES. Once the student masters this method it can be used over and over. The student then becomes a better reader of the Bible. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
26 | 110a | JEWS: You cant DESTROY them, DIMINISH them or INSTIGATE them | |
11 | 306c | BLESS the NATION vs RECITE CURSE: Jews cant be CURSED | |
11 | 306d | CURSE YOU vs CURSE ANGER; Jacob did not curse Shimon/Levi | |
12 | 343g | If only I could die a PROPER DEATH(ie. die like Jews) | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Nu23-08a | POETRY | Jews cant be cursed or diminished | |
Nu23-08b | POETRY | Jews cant be cursed or diminished | |
Nu23-09a | POETRY | Jews cant be cursed or diminished | |
Nu23-09c | POETRY | Jews cant be cursed or diminished | |
Nu23-10a | POETRY | Jews cant be cursed or diminished | |
Nu23-10b | POETRY | Jews cant be cursed or diminished | |
Nu23-10c | POETRY | Jews cant be cursed or diminished | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu23-08a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu23-08a Nu23-08b Nu23-09a Nu23-09c
Nu23-10a Nu23-10b Nu23-10c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis tasks is the explanation of POETIC passages. Many people think that you need fancy degrees to interpret POETRY. Actually POETRY can be interpreted simply by BULLETING the phrases in the passage and following these basic principles - What is the MAIN THEME of the passage - How SHOULD that MAIN theme DEVELOP - What phrases seem to coincide with this DEVELOPMENT - Interpret the other phrases using the NEEDED DEVELOPMENT Another way to look at this is to differentiate between POETRY and PROSE. - In PROSE we FIRST interpret the words and then combine the words into sentences - In POETRY we FIRST identify the main theme and then interpert the words based on the main them. It is for this reason that Poetic interpretation sometimes appears homiletic. However if we recall the basic idea of the THEME and of the THEME EXPLAINING THE MEANING OF WORDS then interpretation follows smoothly. EXAMPLE Nu23-08:11 ------------------ The Main theme is that JEWS CANT BE DESTROYED This main theme is DEVELOPED using the SUBTHEMES - JEWS CANT BE CURSED - JEWS CANT BE HURT BY DIMINISHING THEIR NUMBERS - JEWS CAN BE INSTIGATED TO FIGHT WITH EACH OTHER Each theme then drives the interpretation of the verse. The first DEVELOPED THEME is JEWS CANT BE DESTROYED It is developed as follows - How shall I curse if God hasnt - How shall I instigate if God hasnt The next theme is JEWS CAN BE HURT BY DIMINISHING NUMBERS This theme is developed as follows - The Patriarchs (eg Abrahama and Jacob) had small forces when they opposed their enemies - The leaders (eg Judah Joseph Moses) overthrew their enemies with small forces To accomplish this interpretation we interpret MOUNTAINS and HILLS to mean PATRIARCHS and LEADERS - The Jews are an ALONE nation - They dont care about HOW MANY THEY ARE (Proofs for this come from many explicit verses) The last theme is that the Jews lack STRIFE This theme is developed as follows - The Jews arent petty(eg They do many commandments involving DUST) - When Jews dont get along they live apart (The FLAGS of TRIBES were organized in 4 QUARTERS consistent with who gets along and who doesnt) - Oh If Only I (Bilam) could die like Jews | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | BULLETS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | POETRY | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #26 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST110a | |
List of phrases in | Nu23-08:11;JEWS CANT BE DESTROYED | |
------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NUANCES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #11 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST306c | |
List of phrases in | Dt27-12:13(BLESS NATION vs RECITE CURSE) | |
---------------------- | -------------------------------- | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #11 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST306d | |
List of verses with | CURSES:(CURSE YOU vs CURSE ANGER) | |
---------------------- | -------------------------------- | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | BROAD | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #12 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST343g | |
List of phrases in | Nu23-11 (Die nice death=Death of Jews) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of phrases in Nu23-08:11;JEWS CANT BE DESTROYED*10 | |||
THEME | DETAILS | SUPPORT | |
NO DESTROY | How can I curse If God hasnt | *1 | |
NO DESTROY | Instigate? If God Hasnt | *2 | |
---------- | -------------------------------- | ----------- | |
NO DIMINISH | FOUNDERS(Patriarchs)were this way | *3 | |
NO DIMINISH | LEADERS were this way | *4 | |
NO DIMINISH | They are a no-herd nation | *5 | |
NO DIMINISH | They dont care about numbers | *5 | |
---------- | -------------------------------- | ----------- | |
NO STRIFE | They dont mind pettiness | *6 | |
NO STRIFE | They separat if they dont get along | *7 | |
NO STRIFE | If only I could die properly | *8 | |
NO STRIFE | If only I could die like them | ||
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*1 The main proof that the Jews cant be cursed comes from - Gn27-33 (Although Jacob fooled Isaac nevertheless Isaac affirmed his blessings of Jacob--HE WILL BE BLESSED) The above is a main proof: Further supportive proofs from nuances inferred from alignment may be found in LIST306d and LIST306c *2 Nu25-01:09 shows how Bilam INSTIGATED God against the Jewish people by getting them to sin sexually. That Bilam instigated this is clear from Nu25-07:08 and Nu31-08 and Micha-06:05. However God controlled himself and refused to destroy the Jewish people *11 *3 Several Jewish leaders were known for THEIR SMALL NUMBERS - Jacobs children overthrew a city despite being outnumbered (Gn34-30) - Abraham defeated a whole alliance with only 318 men (Gn14-34) and believed that his descendants would one day inhabit the world (Gn15-05) *4 Several secondary Jewish leaders were known for their winning against numerical odds - Joseph was totally helpless in Egypt, a prison mate, but became Vice President (Gn41-14) - When Judah had difficulties with his brothers he left them (Gn38-01) only to return and save the day (Gn44-18:34) - Moses with no help (from people) saved the Jews from Egypt 5 See the proofs mentioned in footnotes #3 and #4. The clearest statements that Jews dont depend on numbers occur at - Dt07-07 God did not chose you because of your multitude but rather because of his love of the Patriarchs - Is31-01 Isiah rebukes the Jews for making an alliance with the numerically stronger Egypt - Is37 describes how Chizkiyahu thru Prayer defeated the numerically stronger Assyria*14 *6 The THEME of this verse is that JEWS LIVE and DIE PROPERLY--hence, it would be CONSISTENT with this theme if the verse describes how Jews dont mind pettiness (Since pettiness leads to argument and strife). Notice here how the interpretation of the verse is derived not from the words but from the basic theme*12 *7 Again we derive meaning from the basic theme not the words. The theme of the verse is HOW JEWS LEAD UPRIGHT LIVES. Consistent with this theme would be the idea that if two tribes dont get along with each other then they dont live together. This idea: That people who fight should live separately was introduced by the Patriarch Jacob and implemented by Moses who assigned each tribe to a separate FLAG and place*13 *8 Rashi focuses on the alignment of these last two phrases The alignment EXPLAINS the meaning of the phrases - if only I could die a proper death, THAT IS, die like Jews See LIST343g | |||
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*10 Recall that POETRY is not read like PROSE - PROSE is read by linking WORDS to SENTENCES to PARAGRAPHS - POETRY is read by converting THEMES to SENTENCES to WORDS That is in poetry you start with the IDEA and develop it. The interpretation of the poem is not based on the actual words used but rather on the intended idea. The THEME of this poem is JEWS CANT BE DESTROYED This main theme is DEVELOPED by showing that the Jews - cant be cursed - cant be hurt by diminishing their numbers - cant be hurt thru self strife and inner fighting Each DEVELOPED idea is detailed in the footnotes *11 A famous cryptic Aggadah (AZ 4 and Sanhedrin 105) states that Bilam could compute the exact moment that God lost his temper which lasted 1/53848th of a second. It is of course rediculous, preposterous and blasphemous to say that God is governed by time. Rather the reference in the Agaddah is that God loses his temper when people sin sexually---Bilam knew how to instigate people sexually and turn God against them. The number 53848 refers to - 8 The circumcision day--the circumcision organ is used in sexual sin - 4 The Hebrew word for 4 means copulate (Getting down on all fours!) - 53 Numerologically means GARDEN and refers to the GARDEN of EDEN where man lived without sin. Thus Bilam knew how to turn God against people by making them sin(Leave paradise and sin with that organ) Nevertheless, God controlled Himself and didnt destroy the Jewish people *12 The actual text of the verse states ----------------------------------- Who can count the DUST of Jacob ----------------------------------- Rashi interprets this to refer to the numerous commandments that avoid dust (Like sprinkling with the dust of the red cow or covering slaughtered blood with dust) But recall the basic principle of poetry. The words dont determine meaning; rather the theme determines meaning. Hence if the theme is THEY LEAD PROPER LIVES then it would be proper to interpret this detail to mean THEY ARE NOT PETTY (e.g. they dont mine commandments which involve ashes and dust). As long as you focus on the main THEME the Rashi appears as reasonable and logical Rashi does give a second explanation ---------------------------------------------- Who can count the multitudes (dust) of the Jews Who can account for their marital lives ---------------------------------------------- Such an interpretation WHILE CONSISTENT WITH THE WORDS, is not consistent with the final phrase of the verse---OH THAT I COULD DIE LIKE THE JEWS In other words, Bilam yearns for a life where - he could tolerate pettiness (i.e. doing commandments of DUST) - he could avoid living with people he didnt get along with It is for this reason that Rashi interpreted the verse the way he did. Again: The principle of poetry requires that interpretation follow NOT the words but the general theme! *13 For a full explanation of this idea see http://www.Rashiyomi.com/gn50-13a.htm which explains the famous COFFIN-FLAG midrash. Note: The actual verse speaks about COUNTING THE FOURS OF ISRAEL. Rashi interprets FOUR poetically to refer to the FOUR SIDES OF THEIR ENCAMPMENT (So people who didnt get along avoid each other). Rashi so interprets (FOUR as MEANING FOUR SIDES) because in poetry (unlike Prose) it is the THEME that drives word meaning (not vice versa). Hence since the theme is that Jews get along with each other therefore Rashi interprets the Biblical word FOUR to refer to the FOUR SIDED encampment. *14 Rashi gives slightly different details ---------------------------------------------------- - When Jews are hurt they arent completely destroyed - When Jews rejoice they dont invite nonjews ---------------------------------------------------- However a careful reading of Rashi and the verse shows that the main emphasis is that JEWS DONT CARE ABOUT NUMBERS. There are many ways to develop this theme |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses with CURSES (CURSE YOU vs CURSE ANGER) | ||||
VERSE | WHO | ToWhom | BIBLICAL TEXT OF CURSE | |
Gn49-07a | Jacob | Shimon | YOUR ANGER is cursed | |
Gn03-14 | GOD | SNAKE | YOU are now cursed | |
Gn04-11 | GOD | KAYIN | YOU are now cursed | |
Gn09-25 | Noach | Canaan | Cursed be CANAAN | |
Dt27-15 | Jews | Sinner | Cursed be HE WHO MAKES IDOLS | |
Differs | *1 | |||
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*1 Note how Jacob cursed the ANGER of Shimon vs cursing THE ACTUAL PEOPLE. The nuance suggested is that the Jews shouldnt be explicitly cursed This lends support to the developed theme in LIST110a that the Jews cant be cursed. The main proof comes from Gn27-33. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
List of phrases in Dt27-12:13(BLESS NATION vs The CURSE) | |||||
VERSE | Phrase1 | PHRASE#2 | #3 | PHRASE#4 | |
Dt27-12 | These will stand | TO BLESS the PEOPLE | ON | Mount Grizim | |
Dt27-13 | These will stand | ON THE CURSE | IN | Mount Ayval | |
Differs | *1 | *2 | *3 | *4 | |
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*1 This phrase is the same in both verses *2 Notice how it is TO BLESS THE NATION vs ON THE CURSE. The nuances imply that we shouldnt be anxious to CURSE THE NATION. This gives support to the idea that the Jews cant be cursed (See LIST110a; Gn27-33 is the main proof that Jews cant be cursed) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of phrases in Nu23-11 (Die nice death=Death of Jews) | |||
ELLIPTIC | PHRASE#1 | PHRASE# | |
May | I die the death | of PROPER people | |
May | my end | be like the Jews | |
*1 | *2 | *3 | |
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*1 Both verses elliptically use the word MAY *2 MY SOUL DIES and MY END are two ways to refer to the same item. *3 The alignment of these phrases sheds light on meaning. Bilam ultimately died by the sword (Nu31-08). He led a life of criminality. But he saw that the Jews live peaceful lives and die ordinary deaths. Hence he desired to die like them. Hence the phrases DEATH OF PROPER PEOPLE and MY END LIKE THE JEWS are the same---that is, Bilam wished he had his life to live over again so he could die like the proper people of the Jews. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#