Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 22 Number 20 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h22n20.htm ----------------------------------- Produced July 28-th, 2004 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
COMING SOON | The FAQ will be posted on website soon | |
NOVELTY | ANF=GENERAL anger;HITHANAF=SPECIFIC anger | |
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(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
9 | 901g | ANF = angry; HITHANAF = take out on someone(anger+consequence) | |
3 | 270a | Observe Sabbath(Dt05-12b) cites Ex16-23 (No cook on Sabbath) | |
7 | 050d | TO MIRACLE means TO MAKE MIRACLES for a nation | |
7 | 955a | ChTzV= Dig pit in ROCK; CRH = dig pit in LAND | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Dt05-12b | OTHER VERSES | Decalog Sabbath laws told at Manna | |
Dt05-16a | OTHER VERSES | Decalog Sabbath laws told at Manna | |
Dt04-21a | ROOT+PREPOSITIO | ANF=anger; HithAnaf=To take out on | |
Lv11-19b | ROOT+PREPOSITIO | ANF=anger; HithAnaf=To take out on | |
Dt01-37a | ROOT+PREPOSITIO | ANF=anger; HithAnaf=To take out on | |
Dt04-34a | GRAMMARr | To MIRACLE = to CREATE a miracle | |
Ex27-03b | GRAMMARr | To MIRACLE = to CREATE a miracle | |
Dt06-11a | SYNONYMS | ChTzV=dig pit in STONE;CRH=dig in lnd | |
Ex21-31a | SYNONYMS | ChTzV=dig pit in STONE;CRH=dig in lnd | |
Ex21-31b | SYNONYMS | ChTzV=dig pit in STONE;CRH=dig in lnd | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt05-12b
RASHIS COVERED: Dt05-12b Dt05-16a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis main methods is the skillful use of cross-references to illuminate other verses. EXAMPLE Dt05-12b Dt05-16a ----------------------------------------- - Dt05-16a Honor ones parents AS GOD COMMANDED YOU - Dt05-12b Observe the Sabbath AS COMMANDED YOU (At Decalogue) - Ex16-23 Dont cook or bake on Shabbath (Prior to decalogue) - Ex15-25:26 Moses established laws to follow (Prior to decalogue) Thus the commandment to observe Sabbath in Dt05-12b cross references commandments given to Jews right after the Exodus in Ex15-25. Of the two commandments cross referenced-- SABBATH is explicitly mentioned in Exodus while HONORING ONES PARENTS ISNT. However Ex12, Ex15 and Ex16 are the only places in the Torah where Commandments were given to the Jews prior to the decalogue. Since the commandments in Ex12 seem specific to the Passover therefore it is logical to assume that the cross reference (without any explicit source) refers to Ex15 and Ex16 especially since other references in the Decalogue refer to these chapters. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | CITATIONS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #3 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST270a | |
List of verse pairs | with one verse citing the other |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verse pairs with one verse citing the other | ||||
VERSE-1 | TEXT OF VERSE | VERSE-2 | CITATION | |
Dt05-12b | Observe the Sabbah*3 | Ex16-23 | Dont cook on Sabbath | |
Dt05-16a | Honor ones parents*3 | Ex15-25 | Moses gave laws*3 | |
Lv09-15a | Make NATION sin offering | Lv09-08 | like that of PRIEST*2 | |
Ex06-04b | Promise to give Israel | Gn17-08 | I will give Israel | |
Ex08-11b | Pharoh no listen to signs | Ex07-03 | Pharoh wont listen | |
Ex08-15b | Pharoh no listen to signs | Ex07-03 | Pharoh wont listen | |
Ex12-25b | God brings you to Israel | Ex06-08 | God will give Israel | |
Ex13-11b | God brings us to Israel | Ex06-08 | God will give Israel | |
Ex14-12a | Jews prefer Egypt | Ex05-21 | Dont ask Pharoh | |
Dt15-06a | Blessed if observe law | Dt28-03 | You will be blessed*1 | |
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*1 The preceding chapter and paragraphs speak about the requirement to observe the law *2 The actual verse Lv09-15 states ------------------------------------------- Make the nation sin offering LIKE THE FIRST ------------------------------------------- By referring to Lv09-08 we learn that the phrase LIKE THE FIRST means LIKE THE FIRST SIN OFFERING -- THE ONE OFFERED FOR THE PRIEST (Since there were 2 sin offerings--one for the PRIEST and one for the NATION) *3 Here is a more complete story ------------------------------------------------------ - Dt05-12b states Observe Sabbath AS GOD COMMANDED YOU - Ex16-23 states THIS IS WHAT GOD HAD SAID:Dont cook on Sabbath ------------------------------------------------------ So both verses seem to be referring to something else An investigation shows that Ex12, Ex16-23 and Ex15-25:26 are the only times that the Jews received commandments prior to the decalogue. But Ex12 specifically refers to Passover commandments. Thus it seems reasonable that the cryptic reference AS GOD COMMANDED YOU in Dt05-12b is CITING Ex15-25:26 where God gave GENERAL COMMANDMENTS A similar argument would support the conjecture that - Dt05-16a HONOR YOUR PARENTS AS GOD COMMANDED YOU cites Ex15-25:26 |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt04-21a
RASHIS COVERED: Dt04-21a Lv11-19b Dt01-37a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main tasks is to explain meaning. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to explain. Rashi would frequently show how different grammatical modes correspond to different nuances of the same word. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to explain grammar. For example Rashi could note the different nuances of different grammatical modes. Rashi could also explain how contrasting use of singular-plural implies nuances. EXAMPLE ANF vs HITHANAF (Dt04-21a Lv11-19b Dt01-37a) ---------------------------------------------------- The root Aleph-Nun-Pay means ANGER. - In the active(KAL) mode it means GENERAL ANGER - In the interactive(Hithpael)mode it means SPECIFIC ANGER--that is, anger that leads to specific actions Hence verses with ANF - in the ACTIVE mode typically do not specify specific consequences of the anger - in the INTERACTIVE mode typically specify specific consequences of the anger The list below illustrates this. We would therefore translate as follows - ANF means ANGRY - HITHANAF means TO TAKE OUT ON This is approximate but closely accurate | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | ROOT+PREPOSITION | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST901g | |
List of verses with root | A-N-F = Angry;take it out on him |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with root A-N-F = Angry;take it out on him*1 | |||
VERSE | MODE | TEXT OF VERSE WITH TRANSLATION OF a-n-f CAPPED | |
1K08-46 | ACTIVE | When they sin and You are ANGRY they will pray | |
P060-03 | ACTIVE | God you have been ANGRY; return to us | |
Is12-01 | ACTIVE | I will Praise You even though You are ANGRY | |
Lv11-19b | ACTIVE | The ANGRY-BIRD | |
----- | ---- | --------------------------------------- | |
Dt09-20 | INTERACTIVE | God TOOK IT OUT on Aaron to destroy him | |
1K11-09 | INTERACTIVE | God TOOK IT OUT on Solomon;lost reign | |
Dt04-21a | INTERACTIVE | God TOOK IT OUT on me--no come to Israel | |
Dt01-37a | INTERACTIVE | God TOOK IT OUT on me--no come to Israel | |
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*1 A-N-F -- in the ACTIVE mode means ANGRY -- in the INTERACTIVE mode means TAKE IT OUT ON SOMEONE In other words YOU WORK YOUR ANGER UP till you take it out on someone. Hence - verses in ACTIVE typically speak about GENERAL ANGER - verses in INTERACTIVE typically speak about a SPECIFIC ANGER which resulted in a specific activity The list examples illustrate this. Throughout we translate the HITHPAEL mode as INTERACTIVE |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt04-34a
RASHIS COVERED: Dt04-34a Ex27-03b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is to explain meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to explain meaning In todays posting we examine 3 methods of transforming NOUNS (Objects) to VERBS (Activities). EXAMPLE Ex27-03b ---------------- DESHEN means DUST; LeDaShayN means TO DUST(To REMOVE dust) EXAMPLE Dt04-34a ---------------- NayS means MIRACLE. LeNayS means to CREATE miracles for someone EXAMPLE ------- HAMMAR is an object. To HAMMAR means to USE the object in the traditional way it is used. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 8 METHODS OF NAMING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST050d | |
List of words with | NOUN and VERB forms(TO-STRAW straw) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of words with NOUN and VERB forms*10 | |||
NOUN-VERB | VERB Means | TYPE | |
To Miracle | To make miracles for someone | Create*9 | |
To Plant | Creation (planting) of plants | Create | |
To record | To Create a record | Create | |
To milk | To Create(bring forth) milk | Create | |
To fire*1 | To Create a fire(e.g.in a furnace) | Create | |
To build | To Create a building | Create | |
To worm | To produce/bring forth Worms*2 | Create | |
To BORDER | To make borders*3 | Create | |
EMBROIDER | Make embroidery*4 | Create | |
--------- | ------------------------------------ | -------- | |
To dust | Removal of dust *5 | Remove | |
To UpRoot | To remove the roots(from the ground) | Remove | |
To DeFrost | To remove the frost | Remove | |
Blood*6 | To remove the blood (ie to KILL) | Remove | |
--------- | ------------------------------------ | -------- | |
To hammar | Do Standard activity done with hammar | Standard | |
To screw | Do Standard activity done with screws | Standard | |
To fan | Do Standard activity done with a Fan | Standard | |
To Dough | Do standard activity with DOUGH*7 | Standard | |
To Fly | FLYING-Standard activity of Housefly | Standard | |
To Straw | GATHER straw(Standard straw activity)*8 | Standard | |
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*1 eg To FIRE a furnace *2 Ex16-20b *3 Ex19-12a *4 Ex28-39a EMBROIDER the pants of LINEN means make them embroidered *5 Nu04-13b, Ex27-03b *6 Lv17-04a *7 As we have explained it TO DOUGH would mean to BAKE. Actually we need another step. A verb can refer to its ACTIVITY FORM. So the 2 steps are - DOUGH becomes TO DOUGH=to BAKE - TO DOUGH becomes TO SWELL (form of DOUGH rising) See LIST814a for more details *8 Ex05-07a Ex05-07b *9 Dt04-34a (Has any gOD MADE MIRACLES the way Your God has ...) | |||
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*10 We present 3 methods by which OBJECTS (Nouns) acquire ACTIVITY (verb) meaning - eg To RECORD = to CREATE a RECORD - eg To DUST = to REMOVE dust - eg To HAMMER = do STANDARD ACTIVITY of hammar |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt06-11a
RASHIS COVERED: Dt06-11a Ex21-31a Ex21-31b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals was the explanation of meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to explain meaning. Ex21-31a,Ex21-31b, Dt06-11a SYNONYMS ------------------------------------ - PTaCH BOR = OPEN a pit; - YCRH BOR= DIG a pit - ChTzV BOR = DIG a pit IN STONE | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | SYNONYMS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST955a | |
List of | Synonym pairs-differ minutely |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of Synonym pairs-differ minutely*1 | ||||
VERSE | WORD | BASIC IDEA | NUANCES | |
Dt06-11a | ChTzV | Dig Pit | DIG pit IN STONE | |
Ex21-31a | PTaCH | Dig Pit | OPEN the pit(previously dug) | |
Ex21-31b | CaReH | Dig Pit | DIG the pit (CREATE it) | |
Ex15-16a | AyMaH | Fear | ANXIETY(Long term fear)*12 | |
Ex15-16b | PaChaD | Fear | FEAR(Short term fear)*12 | |
Ex05-07b | L-V-N | To Build | BRICKS used for building | |
Ex05-07a | T-V-N | To Build | STRAW used for building | |
Ex01-07a | S-R-Tz | Reproduce | Reproduce alot*9 *11 | |
Gn47-23a | HAY | HERE | I am giving this to you*8 | |
Gn43-28a | KiDaH | BOW | BOW | |
Gn43-28a | SaChaH | BOW | PROSTRATE | |
Gn15-05a | NBT | SEE | To FACE a situation | |
Gn29-17b | TOAR | Good looks | Good FIGURE | |
Gn29-17c | MAREH | Good looks | Good LOOKS | |
Lv15-03a | R-R | To SPILL | To OOZE out*1 | |
Lv14-41a | YQTzA | To CUT | To SANDPAPER*2 | |
Lv11-35a | KIRaIM | STOVES | OVEN*3 | |
Lv02-05a | MChVT | Pots | FRYING-PAN:Pot*4 | |
Lv02-07a | MRChST | Pots | FRYING-PAN:Pot*4 | |
Lv13-02a | SAYTH | White | SNOW-WHITE:CLOUD-WHITE*5 | |
Lv13-02b | BHRT | White | SNOW-WHITE:CLOUD-WHITE*5 | |
Dt24-06a | RChIM | Grindstone | Bottom vs Top Grindstone*6 | |
Dt24-06b | RCV | Grindstone | Top vs Bottom Grindstone*6 | |
Ex31-18a | KIYOR | BASIN | Vat:Sprinkler*7 | |
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*1 This root occurs very infrequently We have - Lv15-03a oozing (RR) of sexual secretions - 1S21-14 (Spittle) - Jb06-06(Oozing of plants or spittle) *2 Thus YQTziA doesnt just refer to ANY CUTTING but rather to SANDPAPERING. Hence this root can also refer to CORNERS and EDGES (which get their distinctness from being SANDPAPERED) *3 I used an English analogy. Actually TNUR vs CIRaYIM seem to refer to a ONE-burner vs a TWO-Burner hot plate. I am not actually sure on all details*10 *4 Both of these are pots. One is shallow--the type used for frying. The other is deep--the type used for rich cooking*10 *5 These are two shades of white. I dont know if analogies exist in English (CLOUD-WHITE or SNOW-WHITE vs MARBLE WHITE)*10 *6 I dont believe English has technical terms for the TOP vs the Bottom grindstone*10 *7 Again there are no English words. The Kaph-Vuv-Resh refers to a VAT that can hold about 200 Gallons By contrast the Kaph-Yud-Vuv-Resh refers to a hugh TANK of water with faucet holes. This TANK was used to wash hands and legs in the temple (The water sprinkled out of the holes and washed the person) *8 HAY only occurs twice in the Bible (The other occurence is at Ez16-43). The difference between HAY and HINAY seems to be that - You use HINAY (HERE) when the object you are giving is actually there - You use HAY (HERE) when the object you are giving is not necessarily physically there but accessible. Hence since Joseph said HERE, I AM GIVING YOU SEED, and was referring to SEED he possessed (but not seed that he had immediately before him) we use the word HAY not HINAY. (This suggested difference is conjectural; there are verses with Hinay that would seem to contradict it--if so HAY and HINAY would simply be two synonyms with the same meaning) *9 So eg REPRODUCE and INSECTIFY both have the same basic meaning of HAVING CHILDREN. But INSECTIFY has the added nuance of having MANY CHILDREN | ||||
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*10 I believe Rashis basic thrust in all these verses is explaining items that are ALMOST similar in meaning but have some subtle nuance (Like STOVE OVEN). However Rashi goes further and gives etymologies of some of these words eg - SeAyTh = CLOUD WHITE (From NaSiH=cloud) - MaChaVath= FRYING PAN (Has a rim that HIDES(Cheth-Bet) - MaRCheSeth= Deep Cooking Pan(food BUBBLES (RaChSh)) - RCV=Top Grindstone that RIDES(RCV) on the other grindstone There are more etymologies; some of these have been discussed elsewhere. I believe these are the basic ones. *11 Rashi-s actual language is ----------------------------------------- S-R-Tz means to have 6 children at a time ----------------------------------------- The number 6 has sent the Rashi commentators into a frenzy. Some Rashi commentators derive the number 6 from the 6 verbs in Ex01-07 - (1) The Jews REPRODUCED - (2) and INSECTIFIED - (3) and MULTIPLIED - (4) and became HUMONGOUS - (5) ALOT - (6) ALOT However a simpler approach to Rashi is the following - The word INSECTIFY means HAVE CHILDREN LIKE INSECTS - So INSECTIFY means HAVE AS MANY CHILDREN AS YOU CAN - But the maxmimum children a woman can have is 6 - So Rashi-is-Simple *12 e.g. Gn15-12 Abraham had ANXIETY on the vision of what would happen to him over the next 400 years vs. Dt28-66 You will FEAR Day and NIGHT. (It is hard to prove exact nuances from the verses--it may be more precise to state that AYMAH is NON-SPECIFIC ANXIETY while PACHAD is SPECIFIC FEAR. This would be consistent with the etymology of AYMAH = AY MAH = WHERE IS IT? WHAT WILL HAPPEN -- that is, ANXIETY is a state of excessive concern on what will happen without being specific.) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#