Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 22 Number 4 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h22n4.htm ----------------------------------- Produced May 31-th, 2004 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
Intro FAQ | We continue a month project on an INTRO FAQ*1 | |
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*1 Several people have asked me for a website FAQ telling people where to go for various things. Accordingly I am going to do one Q&A (Question and Answer) per issue until the FAQ is ready. IF DURING THIS PROCESS YOU WOULD LIKE A PARTICULAR ISSUE ADDRESSED (eg How do I...) FEEL FREE TO EMAIL ME AT rjhendel@Juno.com. (The question will be published in your name unless you ask me to preserve anonymity) Todays Q&A may be found in the green footnote section in footnote *10 | ||
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*10 QUESTION: How are your rules different from rule-lists of others? ANSWER: Many authorities have presented rules for Rashi. My list of Rashi rules differs from other lists in 4 respects: UNIVERSALITY, SPECIFICITY, COMPREHENSIVENESS, GROWTH, UNIVERSALITY ------------ For example some people believe that Rashi used Gematria (letter-number correspondence). But this is not a universal rule. You cant ALWAYS assume a NUMBER-WORD correspondence is INTENDED in the text. By contrast my rules are UNIVERSAL--you can ALWAYS apply them. For example the verse A FEW JEWS CAME TO EGYPT is illumined by an OTHER VERSE which states 70 JEWS CAME TO EGYPT. Hence the word FEW means 70. This is UNIVERSAL--you can ALWAYS apply other verses to interpret a text and a get a good solid insight. SPECIFICITY ----------- When the verse says A MAN FOUND JOSEPH WANDERING AND THE MAN ASKED JOSEPH WHERE HE WAS GOING, Rashi states that the word MAN refers to the archangel GAVRIEL. Rabbi Boncheck explains this by using his Rashi rule that the Torah is not conversational---hence if the verse states A MAN FOUND JOSEPH WANDERING there must be some special emphasis. This rule (not conversational) isnt focused and specific. By contrast my rules are very specifically defined. In this case the above verse REPEATS THE NOUN, MAN without using a PRONOUN (eg a MAN found Joseph and HE asked him where he was going). Anyone can identify the repeated word MAN in the verse--it is not something subjective like CONVERSATIONAL. My rules are also SPECIFIC on what to do when a rule applies....the REPEATED NOUN RULE calls for a non-standard use of the term (So MAN MAN refers here to JUDGES, ANGELS or DISTINGUISHED beings). COMPREHENSIVENESS ----------------- I have 3 dozen very specific rules. Once you know them you can explain EVERY RASHI. Some people dont gather their rules together. Other people have too many rules For example MALBIM has 613 (Too many to memorize). My 3 dozen rules fall into 5 classes--anyone can master them GROWTH ------ Some people teach Rashi as explaining what the GREAT TEACHERS said---the student memorizes new intepretations but other than that the student doesn grow. By contrast my rules enable transformation of the person-- after mastering my rules you can apply them to each verse whether or not a Rashi is there. You can apply them to a verse and obtain what Rashi says. In short you are a different person who can deal with the Biblical world dynamically. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
30 | 690h | DURATION OF STAY at SINAI = DEPARTURE DATE - ARRIVAL DATE | |
11 | 308c | 2 Verses for 2 teachings: General Laws and before each holiday | |
12 | 343f | DO PASSOVER AS REQUIRED aligns with 1st CIRCUMCISE,THEN OFFER | |
17 | 570a | The children came to REUEL their FATHER(Actually GRANDFATHER) | |
15 | 530a | The person gives his GIFT to GOD; THEN GOD gives it to PRIEST | |
7 | 862y | Aleph-Vuv-Nun = a) VIRILITY b) struggle c) mourning d)complain | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Nu11-01b | SPREADSHEETS | Duration at Sinai=Departure-Arrival | |
Nu09-04a | ALIGNMENT | Teach law generally;& before holiday | |
Nu09-14a | ALIGNMENT | Teach law generally;& before holiday | |
Nu10-29a | CONTRADICTION | FATHER=GRANDFATHER;Gifts->God->Priest | |
Nu05-08d | CONTRADICTION | FATHER=GRANDFATHER;Gifts->God->Priest | |
Nu11-01b | WORD MEANINGS | AVN=Virility,struggle,complain,pain | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu11-01b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINT SUMMARY --------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is the explanation of meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi frequently touched on a UNIFYING aspect of a roots meaning thereby sheding light on its real nuances EXAMPLES Nu11-02a Aleph-Vav-Nun ------------------------------- This word seems to have 4 distinct meanings - VIRILITY(STRENGTH) - eg The firstborn is the beginning of his VIRILITY However since the mature romantic relationship traditionally involves maintenance of tension this word can also refer to the struggle and pain of tension. So we also have the following meanings. - STRUGGLE, WORK, SUFFERING - eg Most of mans life is STRUGGLE - COMPLAIN - eg The nation was like a bunch of COMPLAINERS - MOURNING - I have not eaten it during my MOURNING The above list of meanings is courtesy of the RADAK,BOOK OF ROOTS | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | UNIFIED MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST862y | |
List of verses | With root Aleph-Vav-Nun(VIRILITY) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses With root Aleph-Vav-Nun(VIRILITY)*1 | |||
VERSE | MEANING | TRANSLATION OF VERSE WITH aleph-vav-nun CAPPED | |
Dt21-17 | VIRILITY | The firstborn is the beginning of his VIRILITY | |
Jb40-16 | VIRILITY | His VIRILITY is in his belly | |
----- | ------ | ------------------------------------ | |
P090-10 | STRUGGLE | Most of mans days are STRUGGLE | |
Am05-05 | STRUGGLE | BethEl will become a city of STRUGGLE/STRIFE | |
----- | ------ | ------------------------------------ | |
Nu11-01b | COMPLAIN | The nation was a bunch of COMPLAINERS | |
Lm03-38 | COMPLAIN | A man who is alive should not COMPLAIN | |
----- | ------ | -------------------------------------- | |
Dt26-14 | MOURNING | I have not eaten tithes during my MOURNING | |
Gn35-18 | MOURNING | The dying mother named him SON OF MOURNING | |
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*1 This list is courtesy of the RADAK, BOOK OF ROOTS. We see from this list that the unified meaning is VIRILITY Since the mature romantic relationship is characterized by tension therefore this root can also mean STRUGGLE, PAIN, or COMPLAINTS. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu10-29a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu10-29a Nu05-08d
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals was the resolution of contradiction Rashi had a variety of methods to resolve contradiction. EXAMPLE - RESOLUTION OF CONTRADICTION THRU BROAD MEANING -------------------------------------------------------- - Ex02-18 They came to REUEL their FATHER (Moses married his daughter) - Nu10-29a Moses spoke to Chovav son of REUEL,his FATHER IN LAW RASHI: REUEL was the GRANDFATHER---Moses married Tziporah daughter of CHOVAV son of REUEL. However Grandchildren often call their GRANDFATHER, FATHER---similarly a son who follows in his fathers footsteps is called by his fathers name (So CHOVAV was called REUEL). EXAMPLE - RESOLUTION OF CONTRADICTION THRU TWO STAGES OF PROCESS ---------------------------------------------------------------- - Nu05-08d The gifts given TO GOD - Nu05-08d The gifts given ...TO THE PRIEST RASHI: A person gives the priestly gifts TO GOD; GOD in turn gives these gifts to the PRIEST. So the TITHES and TERUMAH go from PERSON TO GOD TO THE PRIEST. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | CONTRADICTION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | BROAD-LITERAL | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #17 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST570a | |
List of verse pairs with | Contradiction resolved by broad meaning | |
----------------------- | -------------------------------------- | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | TWO-STAGES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #15 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST530a | |
Verse pairs illustrating | 2 stages to a process |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Verse pairs illustrating 2 stages to a process | |||
VERSE-1 | VERSE-2 | HOW THE TWO TEXTS ARE COMBINED | |
Nu05-08 | Nu05-08d | Tithes/Terumah to GOD; GOD gives them to PRIEST | |
Ex14-27 | Ex14-30a | Egypt drowns IN sea; then thrown ON sea-shore | |
Ex15-01 | Ex15-04 | Egyptians THROWN UP;THEN SHOT down to sea | |
Ex16-13 | Nu11-09 | 1st Dew bed; then MANNA; THEN dew blanket | |
Nu08-24 | Nu04-03 | Levites LEARN Temple at 25;THEN serve at 30 | |
Nu16-32 | Nu26-11a | Korach sons 1st punished; then repented*1 | |
Nu26-54 | Nu26-55a | Children inherit units;Parents give equally*10 | |
Lv21-10 | Lv16-32c | Priesthood succession: Lineage 1st;Merit 2nd*2 | |
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*1 Nu16-32 and Nu16-33 together imply that KORACH AND ALL FOLLOWING HIM DIED ALIVE BY FIRE AND EARTHQUAKE This contradicts Nu26-11 that the sons of Korach did not die Note that Psalms 45-49 were written by the SONS OF KORACH showing that they repented *2 In other words if one of the high priests sons is qualified for the position he is chosen. If not a non-descendant (who is qualified) is taken. Lv16-32c presents this SON-MERIT rule for priests Dt17-20c generalizes this SON-MERIT rule for Kings. This interpretation of the text is further clarified by the ALIGNMENT method.*11 Some further technicalities are noted in note *12 | |||
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*10 Here is a simple numerical example Assume 3 people in Egypt - Bob - Dan and David Brothers Assume - Bob has 1 child - Dan has 1 child - David has 2 children So GENERATION1(GEN1) has 3 units (Bob,Dan David) And GEN2 has 4 units (1+1+2) We now have 3 stages STAGE 1 ------- Each GEN2 person gets same number of units (Say 2 units) So Bobs child --2 units -- Dans child --2 units -- Davids-------4 units to 2 children STAGE 2 ------- Now the units are coalesced at the family (GEN1) level - Bob has 2 units(Since he has one child with 2 units) - Dan-David has 6 units (Dans child 2 units and Davids 4) STAGE 3 ------- - Bob gives his 2 units back to his child - Dan-David give there 6 units equally to children so -- Dans child receives 3 units -- Davids 2 children receive 1.5 units each (Total of 3) Here is a time map -------------------------------------------------------------- EGYPT(GEN1) CHILDREN STAGE1 STAGE2 STAGE3 -------------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------ Bob 1 child 2/8 2/8 2/8 @child Dan-brother 1 child 2/8 6/8 brothers 3/8 @child David-brother 2 child 4/8 6/8 Brothers 3/8 @2 child --------------------------------------------------------------- Although this may seem complicated it fulfills the 2 verses - The actual exodus people from Egypt inherit - The descendants determine inheritance *11 We align Lv21-10 Lv16-32 as follows ----------------------------------------------------------------- The priest --------------- ...annointed ...trained replace father The priest who is advanced ...annointed ...trained -------------- *a *b *c *d *b ----------------------------------------------------------------- As the double #b clearly shows there are two criteria - priest is advanced (bigger than his brothers) - priest replaces father These conflicting criteria are resolved using the RabbiIshmael method of 2 STAGES - if the son is qualified pick him - if not pick a qualified non-descendant *12 Interestingly heridatary appointment is mentioned by - Slaves (Lv25-41) - Kings (Dt17-20) - Priests (Dt18-05) - Levites (1C23-13) The Bible EXPLICITLY advances a LINEAGE-MERIT duality for priests (As shown above by the alignment presented in footnote #11). We generalize this to Kings (Rashi Dt17-20c). We do not apply this to slaves since merit is not involved We also do not generalize this to Levites since the Bible explicitly states that they replace the first-born and hence merit is no longer relevant (A qualified 1st born could NOT function as a Levite because the Bible states explicitly that they were replaced (See eg Nu03-40:43) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verse pairs with Contradiction resolved by broad meaning | |||
VERSE-1 | VERSE-2 | RESOLUTION OF CONTRADICTION THRU broad MEANING | |
Ex02-18 | Nu10-29a | They came to Reuel their FATHER=GRANDFATHER | |
Lv25-21a | Lv25-22a | Sow seed 3 YEARS=3 PARTIAL YEARS=6th,7th,8th*1 | |
Dt15-17 | Lv25-10 | Slaves work FOREVER=A LONG TIME=TILL JUBILEE | |
Lv07-09 | Lv07-10 | The PRIEST=DIVSION OF PRIEST,gets sacrifice | |
Lv04-03 | Lv04-03 | A Young ADULT Bullock = BEGINNING ADULTHOOD | |
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*1 The land could not be sown in 7th year. Hence the seed of the 6th year lasted 3 years*10 as follows - for eating in 6th year from April thru September (The year began in September---Jewish New year) - for eating in 7th year all year - for seeding in 8th year (From September to April) The whole effect of 6th year seed ceased when the April harvest was gathered in September (=September of 9th year) | |||
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*10 Rashi points out that sometimes the Jubillee would come out during the 6th-8th year and hence there would be 4 years dependent on 6th year. Thus Rashi views the Biblical statement of 3 years dependence on 6th year as a TYPICAL (But not exhaustive) case. For other examples of TYPICAL CASES see LIST401a. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu09-04a
RASHIS COVERED: Nu09-04a Nu09-14a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- A powerful Rashi technique is the ALIGNMENT method in which almost similar verses are aligned. The minor differences between the aligned phrases sheds light on nuances and details. The minor differences can also shed light on meaning. EXAMPLE Nu09-04a Lv23-44 ------------------------- - Lv23-44 Moses told the Jews ABOUT the HOLIDAYS (at Mt Sinai) - Nu09-04 Moses told the Jews TO DO the PASSOVER (At Passover time) Rashi: At Mt Sinai Moses gave GENERAL instruction about ALL Holidays Then JUST BEFORE each holiday Moses REVIEWED laws on that holiday EXAMPLE Nu09-14a Ex12-47 ------------------------ - Converts will do the Passover BUT 1st MUST CIRCUMCISE - Converts will do the Passover ACCORDING TO LAW Rashi: The phrase ACCORDING TO LAW means (among other things) that HE 1st MUST CIRCUMCISE | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NUANCES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #11 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST308c | |
List of verses with | Moses-telling Jews about holidays | |
---------------------- | ----------------------------------- | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #12 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST343f | |
List of | Requirements for converts to do Passover |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
List of Moses-telling Jews about holidays | |||||
Verse | Phrase1 | Phrase2 | Phrase3 | Where stated | |
Lv23-44a | Moses told the Jews | ABOUT the | HOLIDAYS | (at Mt Sinai) | |
Nu09-04 | Moses told the Jews | TO DO the | PASSOVER | (At Passover time) | |
Differs | *1 | *2 | *2 | *2 | |
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*1 These phrases are the same*10 *2 At Mt Sinai Moses gave GENERAL instruction about ALL Holidays Then JUST BEFORE each holiday Moses REVIEWED laws on that holiday | |||||
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*10 Actually there is a further subtlety in phrase reversal as shown below--but we do not review that here ------------------------------------------- MOSES SPOKE about the holidays TO THE JEWS MOSES SPOKE TO THE JEWS to do the Passover ------------------------------------------- |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of Requirements for converts to do Passover | |||
VERSE | PHRASE1 | PHRASE2 | |
Ex12-47 | ...converts... | shall do Passover but 1st circumcise | |
Nu09-14a | ...converts... | shall do Passover according to law | |
Differs | *1 | *1 *2 | |
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*1 The same phrase *2 So the ALIGNMENT sheds light on MEANING. The phrase ACCORDING TO LAW means that the converts must 1st CIRCUMCISE (See *10 for further details) | |||
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*10 Actually the phrase ACCORDING TO LAW implies more---for the whole chapter deals with the fact that those who observe the MAKEUP Passover (Passover 2) must follow ALL Passover laws. Hence BECAUSE OF CONTEXT, we infer from the phrase ACCORDING TO LAW that -- the converts must first circumcise -- ALL Passover laws must be followed by converts |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu10-11a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINT SUMMARY: ---------------- Rashi sometimes gathers a collection of verses, each with some numerical attribute, and does an accounting audit using spreadsheet methods. In the spreadsheet method we also include - Rashi description of complicated Geometric designs - Rashi description of multi-step procedures EXAMPLE Nu10-11a ---------------- Ex19-01 ARRIVAL Mount Sinai YEAR 0 MONTH 3 DAY 1 Nu10-11a DEPARTURE Mount Sinai YEAR 1 MONTH 2 DAY 20 Rashi: Total duration was 1 YEAR LESS 1 MONTH LESS 10 DAYS Thus Rashi does a simple computation of DURATION based on ARRIVAL and DEPARTURE dates | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | SPREADSHEETS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | AUDIT | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #30 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST690h | |
Audit of | Arrival/Departure Dates at Mt Sinai |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||||
Audit of Arrival/Departure Dates at Mt Sinai | ||||||
VERSE | ITEM | PLACE | YEAR | MONTH(S) | DAY(S) | |
Ex19-01 | ARRIVAL | Mount Sinai | YEAR 0 | MONTH 3 | DAY 1 | |
Nu10-11a | DEPARTURE | Mount Sinai | YEAR 1 | MONTH 2 | DAY 20 | |
LOGIC | DURATION | Mount Sinai | 0 | 11 MONTHS | 19 DAYS |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#