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               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 23 Number 15
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                    Produced Oct 12 th, 2004

       WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEM WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
COMING SOON The FAQ will be posted on website during SCCTH
Rashi-Grammar Rashi claims YeeYaCHel is HITPAEL--its NIFAL*1
COMMENTS
*1 This is a good example of how use of lists steers us away
from literal translations of Rashi which dont make sense and
enable deep translations which catch nuances of the text
LIGHTNING SUMMARIES
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10
# LIST BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES
10 313r Noah took SEVEN kosher animals vs TWO NonKosher;ToDo Offerings
27 606e Torah can refer to objects by future events-eg KOSHER by NOACH
9 005q The word THIS can refer to items listed ABOVE or BELOW
7 863j XWL=give birth,develop,wait; IXL=hope,wait
7 863k Yud-Cheth-Lamed=a) hope b) wait-hope c)forced to wait
COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =====================================
Gn07-02b ALIGNMENT 7 Kosher vs 2 Non Kosher:Offerings
Gn08-20a ALIGNMENT 7 Kosher vs 2 Non Kosher:Offerings
Gn07-02a DATABASE Torah refers to items based on future
Gn01-14e DATABASE Torah refers to items based on future
Gn02-14c DATABASE Torah refers to items based on future
Gn14-07a DATABASE Torah refers to items based on future
Ex03-01b DATABASE Torah refers to items based on future
Dt01-24a DATABASE Torah refers to items based on future
Lv11-24a GRAMMARr THIS can refer to FUTURE/PAST listing
Dt04-44a GRAMMARr THIS can refer to FUTURE/PAST listing
Gn08-10a UNIFIED MEANING XWL=birth,develop,wait:IXL=hope,wait
Gn08-12a UNIFIED MEANING XWL=birth,develop,wait:IXL=hope,wait
--------- ---------------- -------------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn07-02b
RASHIS COVERED: Gn07-02b Gn08-20a
Gn07-02b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the alignment
of ALMOST similar verses. The minor variations between these
almost similar verses suggests nuances and differences.or
even meaning.

Gn07-02b vs Gn07-02
-------------------
Gn07-02 discusses the number of animals Noach took into the ark
- From the KOSHER animals he took SEVEN each
- From the NON-KOSHER.....he took TWO each
The difference (7 vs 2) is further illumined in Gn08-20
--------------------------------------------------------
Noach offered sacrifices from the Kosher animals when he
left the ark
--------------------------------------------------------
So Rashi-is-Simple...presumably he took the extra Kosher
animals in order to offer sacrifices
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: ALIGNMENT
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 2 CASES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #10
SEE BELOW LIST313r
List of verses with Number of animals Noach took
LIST313r
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Align 2 verses with      Number of animals Noach took
Verse Phrase 1 Phrase 2 Phrase 3
Gn07-02b From the KOSHER animals Noach took Seven each
Gn07-02 From the NON KOSHER animals Noach took two each
Differs *1 *2 *3
COMMENTS
*1 The verse clearly indicates 2 cases: Kosher vs Non Kosher
animals

*2 This phrase is the same in both verses

*3 Noach took 7 from the Kosher but only 2 from the Non-Kosher
This is further illumined in Gn08-20a
--------------------------------------------------------
Noach offered sacrifices from the Kosher animals when he
left the ark
--------------------------------------------------------
So Rashi-is-Simple...Noach reasoned that God ordered
the 5 extra Kosher animals (over the standard 2) in order
to have animals to sacrifice.*10

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 In passing Rashi on Gn07-02a comments that
-----------------------------------------------------
God told Noach to take KOSHER animals---we therefore
infer that Noach learned the Torah
----------------------------------------------------

But there are many places where the Torah used future events
to name a concept. This is an attribute of the Torah writing
and does not justify inferences of prophecy or learning.

Rather the SOURCE for inferring that Noach LEARNED THE TORAH
is Gn08-20 not Gn07-02
-------------------------------------------------
Noach offered from the Kosher animals, sacrifices
-------------------------------------------------

Rashi,ibid, states(paraphrased)
--------------------------------------------------
Since Noach was never commanded to make sacrifices
we infer that Noach studied the difference between
Kosher and non-Kosher animals and decided that
the Kosher animals were worthy of sacrifice

Hence we see that Noach employed Torah methods to
make inferences and serve God
--------------------------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn07-02a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn07-02a Gn01-14e Gn02-14c Lv11-24a
Gn14-07a Ex03-01b Dt01-24a Dt04-44a
Gn07-02a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04



SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis goals is to make broad database queries exposing
patterns.

EXAMPLE
-------
We list below several objects named by future events which
however had not yet occurred at the time of discussion. For
example Noach was told to take 7 KOSHER animals even though
the laws of Kashruth were not yet given.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: DATABASES
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS DATABASES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #27
SEE BELOW LIST606e
Query of words which refer to future events
LIST606e
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Query of words which     refer to future events
VERSE NAMED/DESIGNATED FOR FUTURE EVENT FUTURE EVENT
Gn01-14e Moon designated for holidays Ex12-02*1
Gn07-02a Take 7 Kosher animals Lv11*2
Gn02-14c Rivers surrounded KUSH & ASSHUR Gn10-07:11*3
Gn14-07b ...the AMALAYK field Gn36-12*4
Gn14-07a Kadaysh-the Place where people are judged Nu20-12*5
Ex03-01b Mountain of God Ex19-18*6
Dt01-24a The GRAPE CLUSTER RIVER Nu13-23*7
COMMENTS
*1 God designated the Moon for holidays even though holidays were
not proclaimed till Ex12

*2 God refers to certain animals as Kosher even though in Noachs
time the laws of Kashruth,presented in Lv11 had not yet been
given*10

*3 The rivers surrounded the countries of KUSH and ASSHUR.
But these countries werent so named for another 1000 years
(See Gn10-07:11 where the people founding these countries were
born)


*4 The verse refers to a conquest of the Amalayk field even
though Amalayk wasnt born for another hundred years.

*5 Moses and Aaron sinned at Kadaysh several
thousand years later.*11



*6 It says that Moses came to the mountain of God even though
the 10 commandments and the revelation of God on this
mountain did not happen for several years.

*7 The spies cut a cluster of grapes to bring back to the
Jews as an example of Israeli fruit. Hence the river is
named by what the spies WOULD DO--they would cut a CLUSTER
OF GRAPES

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashi adds
-------------------------------------------
This proves that Noach learned the Torah
(Since he had to know about Kashruth)
-------------------------------------------

Not so! The fact that the Torah refers to animals by a term
coined several hundred years later doesnt PROVE that Noach
learned the Torah.

Rather we learn that Noach learned the Torah from Gn08-20
which states that Noach
---------------------------------------------------
Noach offered from all the KOSHER animals, offerings
---------------------------------------------------

Noach did this by himself. Apparently he analyzed Gods
command and come to the conclusion that these animals were
worthy of being offered. So the inference that Noach learned
the Torah is made not based on the language but rather based
on what Noach, of his own accord, did with them.

*11 Oonkelos suggests a different explanation
---------------------------------------------------
....the place of JUDGEMENT, Kadaysh
---------------------------------------------------

- Kadaysh COULD be the name of a place as Rashi suggests

- Kadaysh could also refer to something DESIGNATED and FORMAL
like a synagogue and courthouse. So OONKELOS sees it possible
that this was the place DESIGNATED --that is designated for
COURT CASES
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv11-24a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv11-24a Dt04-44a
Lv11-24a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals is the clarification of meaning
the same way the dictionary clarifies meaning. Rashi will
frequently comment on special connective words such as IF,
BECAUSE, PERHAPS.

EXAMPLE Lv11-24a Dt04-44a
--------------------------------
Hebrew words of reference such as
- ZH (This)
- ALH (This)
can EQUALLY refer to the
- past items mentioned
- current items mentioned
- future items mentioned
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS SPECIAL WORDS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST005q
List of words of REFERENCE--can refer to PAST/FUTURE
LIST005q
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of words of         reference--can refer to PAST/FUTURE
VERSE WORD FUTURE/PAST TEXT OF VERSE
Lv11-24a ALH Future THESE ANIMALS(listed Below)are traif
Dt25-16 ALH Past THESE VICES(Listed above)are bad
-------- ---- ------------- ------------------------------------
Dt04-44a ZH Future THIS(verses below)is what was said
Gn42-15 ZH Future I-ll test you with THIS-listed below
Lv16-34 ZH Past THIS(Verses above) is the RITUAL used
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn08-10a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn08-10a Gn08-12a
Gn08-10a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals is to explain meaning the same
way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a variety
of vehicles to explain meaning. One of Rashis methods was
to focus on known words and present unfamiliar nuances
of them.

EXAMPLE Gn08-10a XWL=Birth,Tremble,Develop-wait,Marsh
--------------------------------------------
The root XWL occuring in Gn08-10a can mean
- BIRTH
- BIRTHpangs (and hence TREMBLING, FRIGHT)
- DEVELOP (as in birth gestation and embryonization)
- WAIT (as in develop and wait)
- MARSH (A Marsh is the EMBRYO in which shrubs GESTATE)

Hence Rashi translates Gn08-10a as follows
--------------------------------------------
Noach failed when he sent the Dove out the first time.
So Noach DEVELOPED A PLAN for sending a second time after
seven days
--------------------------------------------

This adds richness to the verse...Noach did not just
WAIT...he rather DEVELOPED A PLAN

EXAMPLE Gn08-12a IXL=HOPE, FORCED TO WAIT, WAIT-HOPE
----------------------------------------------------
The root IXL occurring in Gn08-12a can mean
- HOPE
- WAIT IN HOPE
- FORCED TO WAIT
In the passive mode IXL means FORCED TO WAIT. Hence
Rashi translates Gn08-12a as
---------------------------------------------------
Although the Dove found an olive branch, nevertheless
it was still wet outside and the Dove preferred to
stay in the ark. So Noach was FORCED TO WAIT 7 more
days before finally sending the Dove out again
---------------------------------------------------

The passive translation -- FORCED TO WAIT--has
connotations of the interactive mode (HITPAEL) However
its actual conjugation is passive (NIFAL)
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS UNIFIED MEANING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST863j
List of verses with root XWL=BIRTH,tremble,develop-wait,Marsh
------------------------ -------------------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST863k
List of verses with root IXL=HOPE, WAIT-HOPE, FORCED-TO-WAIT
LIST863j
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with root XWL=BIRTH,tremble,develop-wait,Marsh
VERSE MEANING TEXT OF VERSE WITH MEANING OF XWL CAPPED
Pr25-23 Birth A north wind GIVES BIRTH to rain
------ ----------- ---------------------------------
Is23-04 BirthPangs*1 I have not had BIRTH PANGS or given birth
Es04-04 Tremble*2 The queen TREMBLED alot at the news
1S31-03 Frighten*2 He was very FRIGHTENED of the archers
------ ----------- ---------------------------------
Jr23-19 Develop*3 May these curses DEVELOP on the wicked's head
Gn08-10a Wait*4 He WAITED 7 more days
------ ----------- ---------------------------------
Jo11-04 Marsh*4 They will multiply as the MARSH by the seashore
COMMENTS
*1 Birthpangs are associated with BIRTH in the obvious manner

*2 TREMBLING and FRIGHTENED are synonyms for the feelings
associated with BIRTHPANGS

*3 DEVELOP is used here in the sense of GESTATE, DEVELOP,
EVENTUALLY COME INTO BEING*10

*4 XWL*11 does not mean WAIT so much as PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT.
This has the characteristic of WAITING but if also connotes
a process of development

*5 A MARSH*12 is the EMBRYO in which river shrubs gestate

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 XWL is usually translated as LAND or REST ON but the
real connotation is one of DEVELOPMENT. Thus Jr23-19
------------------------------------------------
May these curses DEVELOP (not LAND) on the HEADS
of the WICKED GROUPS
------------------------------------------------

*11 To see XWL as DEVELOP vs WAIT we translate Gn08-10
-------------------------------------------------
After his first failure Noach PLANNED A WAITING PERIOD
of 7 days during which he encouraged the dove to leave
-------------------------------------------------

*12 XWL is traditionally translated as SAND. However I think
the translation MARSH more precise. Thus the statement
----------------------------------------------------
the Jew will multiply like the MARSH by the seashore
----------------------------------------------------
has a better ring to it then SAND.

A wet MARSH of course is the EMBRYO for GESTATION of
shrubs and greenery.

LIST863k
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with root IXL=HOPE, WAIT-HOPE, FORCED-TO-WAIT
VERSE MODE MEANS TEXT OF VERSE-MEANING OF IXL CAPPED
P119-49 Active HOPE God Remember me since I HOPED*1 for you
Gn08-12a Passive WAIT He was FORCED TO WAIT*2 7 more days
Jb32-11 Causative WAIT I WAITED-HOPED*3 for a response from you
COMMENTS
*1 The translation
-------------------------------------
God Remember me since I HOPED for you
-------------------------------------

sounds better than

--------------------------------------
God remember me since I WAITED for you
--------------------------------------

*2 Note the passive tense. The argument is like this.
- The dove left the ark and found an olive
- However it was still wet outside
- So the Dove preferred the ark (Better food, drier environment)
- So Noach was FORCED TO WAIT*10 (Passive) 7 more days
- At that time he sent the Dove out and she didnt return

*3 Notice how the translation reflects nuances of both
- WAIT
- HOPE

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashi seems to say that IIXL is in the HITPAEL mode.
But no list justifies this.

In fact the conjugation YeeYaChel is the standard conjugation
for Yud-2-3 verbs. If you look in a standard Grammar book
(eg Ibn Shoshan, Tables 5,6) you will find the conjugation
YeeVaChel (With a Vav). But the alternate conjugation with
2 yuds does occur as Radak himself points out (cf.Ex19-13
for the conjugation YeeYaReh).

Let us summarize
- The lists all point to the fact that YeeYahChel is PASSIVE
- But Rashi seems to say that it is INTERACTIVE (Hitpael)

But this is no problem. Since we translate Gn08-12 as
---------------------------------------------------
Although the Dove found an olive branch nevertheless
the Dove preferred to stay in the ark--hence Noach was
FORCED TO WAIT 7 more days before sending the Dove again
---------------------------------------------------

Note how the passive---FORCED TO WAIT---also has
connotations of the interactive mode.

In other words when Rashi says
----------------------------------
YeeYaChel is Hitpael-(Interactive)
----------------------------------

-Rashi was NOT talking about the CONJUGATION of the word,
-Rather Rashi was talking about the MEANING of the word

That is, YeeYaChel which is clearly in the passive has
a meaning similar to the hitpael (FORCED TO WAIT).

I believe this approach completely clarifies this Rashi
It also shows the great utility in using lists.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
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