Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 23 Number 15 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h23n15.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Oct 12 th, 2004 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
COMING SOON | The FAQ will be posted on website during SCCTH | |
Rashi-Grammar | Rashi claims YeeYaCHel is HITPAEL--its NIFAL*1 | |
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*1 This is a good example of how use of lists steers us away from literal translations of Rashi which dont make sense and enable deep translations which catch nuances of the text |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
10 | 313r | Noah took SEVEN kosher animals vs TWO NonKosher;ToDo Offerings | |
27 | 606e | Torah can refer to objects by future events-eg KOSHER by NOACH | |
9 | 005q | The word THIS can refer to items listed ABOVE or BELOW | |
7 | 863j | XWL=give birth,develop,wait; IXL=hope,wait | |
7 | 863k | Yud-Cheth-Lamed=a) hope b) wait-hope c)forced to wait | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Gn07-02b | ALIGNMENT | 7 Kosher vs 2 Non Kosher:Offerings | |
Gn08-20a | ALIGNMENT | 7 Kosher vs 2 Non Kosher:Offerings | |
Gn07-02a | DATABASE | Torah refers to items based on future | |
Gn01-14e | DATABASE | Torah refers to items based on future | |
Gn02-14c | DATABASE | Torah refers to items based on future | |
Gn14-07a | DATABASE | Torah refers to items based on future | |
Ex03-01b | DATABASE | Torah refers to items based on future | |
Dt01-24a | DATABASE | Torah refers to items based on future | |
Lv11-24a | GRAMMARr | THIS can refer to FUTURE/PAST listing | |
Dt04-44a | GRAMMARr | THIS can refer to FUTURE/PAST listing | |
Gn08-10a | UNIFIED MEANING | XWL=birth,develop,wait:IXL=hope,wait | |
Gn08-12a | UNIFIED MEANING | XWL=birth,develop,wait:IXL=hope,wait | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn07-02b
RASHIS COVERED: Gn07-02b Gn08-20a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the alignment of ALMOST similar verses. The minor variations between these almost similar verses suggests nuances and differences.or even meaning. Gn07-02b vs Gn07-02 ------------------- Gn07-02 discusses the number of animals Noach took into the ark - From the KOSHER animals he took SEVEN each - From the NON-KOSHER.....he took TWO each The difference (7 vs 2) is further illumined in Gn08-20 -------------------------------------------------------- Noach offered sacrifices from the Kosher animals when he left the ark -------------------------------------------------------- So Rashi-is-Simple...presumably he took the extra Kosher animals in order to offer sacrifices | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 2 CASES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #10 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST313r | |
List of verses with | Number of animals Noach took |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
Align 2 verses with Number of animals Noach took | ||||
Verse | Phrase 1 | Phrase 2 | Phrase 3 | |
Gn07-02b | From the KOSHER animals | Noach took | Seven each | |
Gn07-02 | From the NON KOSHER animals | Noach took | two each | |
Differs | *1 | *2 | *3 | |
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*1 The verse clearly indicates 2 cases: Kosher vs Non Kosher animals *2 This phrase is the same in both verses *3 Noach took 7 from the Kosher but only 2 from the Non-Kosher This is further illumined in Gn08-20a -------------------------------------------------------- Noach offered sacrifices from the Kosher animals when he left the ark -------------------------------------------------------- So Rashi-is-Simple...Noach reasoned that God ordered the 5 extra Kosher animals (over the standard 2) in order to have animals to sacrifice.*10 | ||||
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*10 In passing Rashi on Gn07-02a comments that ----------------------------------------------------- God told Noach to take KOSHER animals---we therefore infer that Noach learned the Torah ---------------------------------------------------- But there are many places where the Torah used future events to name a concept. This is an attribute of the Torah writing and does not justify inferences of prophecy or learning. Rather the SOURCE for inferring that Noach LEARNED THE TORAH is Gn08-20 not Gn07-02 ------------------------------------------------- Noach offered from the Kosher animals, sacrifices ------------------------------------------------- Rashi,ibid, states(paraphrased) -------------------------------------------------- Since Noach was never commanded to make sacrifices we infer that Noach studied the difference between Kosher and non-Kosher animals and decided that the Kosher animals were worthy of sacrifice Hence we see that Noach employed Torah methods to make inferences and serve God -------------------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn07-02a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn07-02a Gn01-14e Gn02-14c Lv11-24a
Gn14-07a Ex03-01b Dt01-24a Dt04-44a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis goals is to make broad database queries exposing patterns. EXAMPLE ------- We list below several objects named by future events which however had not yet occurred at the time of discussion. For example Noach was told to take 7 KOSHER animals even though the laws of Kashruth were not yet given. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | DATABASES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | DATABASES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #27 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST606e | |
Query of words which | refer to future events |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Query of words which refer to future events | |||
VERSE | NAMED/DESIGNATED FOR FUTURE EVENT | FUTURE EVENT | |
Gn01-14e | Moon designated for holidays | Ex12-02*1 | |
Gn07-02a | Take 7 Kosher animals | Lv11*2 | |
Gn02-14c | Rivers surrounded KUSH & ASSHUR | Gn10-07:11*3 | |
Gn14-07b | ...the AMALAYK field | Gn36-12*4 | |
Gn14-07a | Kadaysh-the Place where people are judged | Nu20-12*5 | |
Ex03-01b | Mountain of God | Ex19-18*6 | |
Dt01-24a | The GRAPE CLUSTER RIVER | Nu13-23*7 | |
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*1 God designated the Moon for holidays even though holidays were not proclaimed till Ex12 *2 God refers to certain animals as Kosher even though in Noachs time the laws of Kashruth,presented in Lv11 had not yet been given*10 *3 The rivers surrounded the countries of KUSH and ASSHUR. But these countries werent so named for another 1000 years (See Gn10-07:11 where the people founding these countries were born) *4 The verse refers to a conquest of the Amalayk field even though Amalayk wasnt born for another hundred years. *5 Moses and Aaron sinned at Kadaysh several thousand years later.*11 *6 It says that Moses came to the mountain of God even though the 10 commandments and the revelation of God on this mountain did not happen for several years. *7 The spies cut a cluster of grapes to bring back to the Jews as an example of Israeli fruit. Hence the river is named by what the spies WOULD DO--they would cut a CLUSTER OF GRAPES | |||
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*10 Rashi adds ------------------------------------------- This proves that Noach learned the Torah (Since he had to know about Kashruth) ------------------------------------------- Not so! The fact that the Torah refers to animals by a term coined several hundred years later doesnt PROVE that Noach learned the Torah. Rather we learn that Noach learned the Torah from Gn08-20 which states that Noach --------------------------------------------------- Noach offered from all the KOSHER animals, offerings --------------------------------------------------- Noach did this by himself. Apparently he analyzed Gods command and come to the conclusion that these animals were worthy of being offered. So the inference that Noach learned the Torah is made not based on the language but rather based on what Noach, of his own accord, did with them. *11 Oonkelos suggests a different explanation --------------------------------------------------- ....the place of JUDGEMENT, Kadaysh --------------------------------------------------- - Kadaysh COULD be the name of a place as Rashi suggests - Kadaysh could also refer to something DESIGNATED and FORMAL like a synagogue and courthouse. So OONKELOS sees it possible that this was the place DESIGNATED --that is designated for COURT CASES |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv11-24a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv11-24a Dt04-44a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is the clarification of meaning the same way the dictionary clarifies meaning. Rashi will frequently comment on special connective words such as IF, BECAUSE, PERHAPS. EXAMPLE Lv11-24a Dt04-44a -------------------------------- Hebrew words of reference such as - ZH (This) - ALH (This) can EQUALLY refer to the - past items mentioned - current items mentioned - future items mentioned | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | SPECIAL WORDS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST005q | |
List of words of | REFERENCE--can refer to PAST/FUTURE |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of words of reference--can refer to PAST/FUTURE | ||||
VERSE | WORD | FUTURE/PAST | TEXT OF VERSE | |
Lv11-24a | ALH | Future | THESE ANIMALS(listed Below)are traif | |
Dt25-16 | ALH | Past | THESE VICES(Listed above)are bad | |
-------- | ---- | ------------- | ------------------------------------ | |
Dt04-44a | ZH | Future | THIS(verses below)is what was said | |
Gn42-15 | ZH | Future | I-ll test you with THIS-listed below | |
Lv16-34 | ZH | Past | THIS(Verses above) is the RITUAL used |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn08-10a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn08-10a Gn08-12a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is to explain meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to explain meaning. One of Rashis methods was to focus on known words and present unfamiliar nuances of them. EXAMPLE Gn08-10a XWL=Birth,Tremble,Develop-wait,Marsh -------------------------------------------- The root XWL occuring in Gn08-10a can mean - BIRTH - BIRTHpangs (and hence TREMBLING, FRIGHT) - DEVELOP (as in birth gestation and embryonization) - WAIT (as in develop and wait) - MARSH (A Marsh is the EMBRYO in which shrubs GESTATE) Hence Rashi translates Gn08-10a as follows -------------------------------------------- Noach failed when he sent the Dove out the first time. So Noach DEVELOPED A PLAN for sending a second time after seven days -------------------------------------------- This adds richness to the verse...Noach did not just WAIT...he rather DEVELOPED A PLAN EXAMPLE Gn08-12a IXL=HOPE, FORCED TO WAIT, WAIT-HOPE ---------------------------------------------------- The root IXL occurring in Gn08-12a can mean - HOPE - WAIT IN HOPE - FORCED TO WAIT In the passive mode IXL means FORCED TO WAIT. Hence Rashi translates Gn08-12a as --------------------------------------------------- Although the Dove found an olive branch, nevertheless it was still wet outside and the Dove preferred to stay in the ark. So Noach was FORCED TO WAIT 7 more days before finally sending the Dove out again --------------------------------------------------- The passive translation -- FORCED TO WAIT--has connotations of the interactive mode (HITPAEL) However its actual conjugation is passive (NIFAL) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | UNIFIED MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST863j | |
List of verses with root | XWL=BIRTH,tremble,develop-wait,Marsh | |
------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST863k | |
List of verses with root | IXL=HOPE, WAIT-HOPE, FORCED-TO-WAIT |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with root XWL=BIRTH,tremble,develop-wait,Marsh | |||
VERSE | MEANING | TEXT OF VERSE WITH MEANING OF XWL CAPPED | |
Pr25-23 | Birth | A north wind GIVES BIRTH to rain | |
------ | ----------- | --------------------------------- | |
Is23-04 | BirthPangs*1 | I have not had BIRTH PANGS or given birth | |
Es04-04 | Tremble*2 | The queen TREMBLED alot at the news | |
1S31-03 | Frighten*2 | He was very FRIGHTENED of the archers | |
------ | ----------- | --------------------------------- | |
Jr23-19 | Develop*3 | May these curses DEVELOP on the wicked's head | |
Gn08-10a | Wait*4 | He WAITED 7 more days | |
------ | ----------- | --------------------------------- | |
Jo11-04 | Marsh*4 | They will multiply as the MARSH by the seashore | |
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*1 Birthpangs are associated with BIRTH in the obvious manner *2 TREMBLING and FRIGHTENED are synonyms for the feelings associated with BIRTHPANGS *3 DEVELOP is used here in the sense of GESTATE, DEVELOP, EVENTUALLY COME INTO BEING*10 *4 XWL*11 does not mean WAIT so much as PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT. This has the characteristic of WAITING but if also connotes a process of development *5 A MARSH*12 is the EMBRYO in which river shrubs gestate | |||
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*10 XWL is usually translated as LAND or REST ON but the real connotation is one of DEVELOPMENT. Thus Jr23-19 ------------------------------------------------ May these curses DEVELOP (not LAND) on the HEADS of the WICKED GROUPS ------------------------------------------------ *11 To see XWL as DEVELOP vs WAIT we translate Gn08-10 ------------------------------------------------- After his first failure Noach PLANNED A WAITING PERIOD of 7 days during which he encouraged the dove to leave ------------------------------------------------- *12 XWL is traditionally translated as SAND. However I think the translation MARSH more precise. Thus the statement ---------------------------------------------------- the Jew will multiply like the MARSH by the seashore ---------------------------------------------------- has a better ring to it then SAND. A wet MARSH of course is the EMBRYO for GESTATION of shrubs and greenery. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses with root IXL=HOPE, WAIT-HOPE, FORCED-TO-WAIT | ||||
VERSE | MODE | MEANS | TEXT OF VERSE-MEANING OF IXL CAPPED | |
P119-49 | Active | HOPE | God Remember me since I HOPED*1 for you | |
Gn08-12a | Passive | WAIT | He was FORCED TO WAIT*2 7 more days | |
Jb32-11 | Causative | WAIT | I WAITED-HOPED*3 for a response from you | |
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*1 The translation ------------------------------------- God Remember me since I HOPED for you ------------------------------------- sounds better than -------------------------------------- God remember me since I WAITED for you -------------------------------------- *2 Note the passive tense. The argument is like this. - The dove left the ark and found an olive - However it was still wet outside - So the Dove preferred the ark (Better food, drier environment) - So Noach was FORCED TO WAIT*10 (Passive) 7 more days - At that time he sent the Dove out and she didnt return *3 Notice how the translation reflects nuances of both - WAIT - HOPE | ||||
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*10 Rashi seems to say that IIXL is in the HITPAEL mode. But no list justifies this. In fact the conjugation YeeYaChel is the standard conjugation for Yud-2-3 verbs. If you look in a standard Grammar book (eg Ibn Shoshan, Tables 5,6) you will find the conjugation YeeVaChel (With a Vav). But the alternate conjugation with 2 yuds does occur as Radak himself points out (cf.Ex19-13 for the conjugation YeeYaReh). Let us summarize - The lists all point to the fact that YeeYahChel is PASSIVE - But Rashi seems to say that it is INTERACTIVE (Hitpael) But this is no problem. Since we translate Gn08-12 as --------------------------------------------------- Although the Dove found an olive branch nevertheless the Dove preferred to stay in the ark--hence Noach was FORCED TO WAIT 7 more days before sending the Dove again --------------------------------------------------- Note how the passive---FORCED TO WAIT---also has connotations of the interactive mode. In other words when Rashi says ---------------------------------- YeeYaChel is Hitpael-(Interactive) ---------------------------------- -Rashi was NOT talking about the CONJUGATION of the word, -Rather Rashi was talking about the MEANING of the word That is, YeeYaChel which is clearly in the passive has a meaning similar to the hitpael (FORCED TO WAIT). I believe this approach completely clarifies this Rashi It also shows the great utility in using lists. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#