*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.

*1 NoChoM (Kamatz Kamatz) means to LEAD THEM
NoChaM (Kamatz Patach) means to LEAD

The final MeM indicates the direct object
(LEAD THEM) with the Kamatz Kamatz
punctuation

*2 HoMoM (Kamatz Kamatz) means to CRUSH THEM
HoMaM (Kamatz Patach) means to CRUSH

The final MeM indicates the direct object
(CRUSH THEM) with the Kamatz Kamatz
punctuation

*3 oShoN (Kamatz Kamatz) is SMOKE (A noun)
oSHaN (Kamatz Patach) is TO SMOKE(Verb)


*4 YoMooSH means IT MOVE (Active tense)
YoMeeSH means SOMEONE MOVES IT(Causative tense)

My favorite reference for root conjugations
is the Appendix of the Ibn Shoshan Dictionary
Table 6 presents the conjugation of the
1-vuv-3 roots which illustrates the contrast
between YoMooSH and YoMeeSH

*5 PaCHaZ means FIZ(Noun)
PoCHaZ means TO FIZ(Verb)

The verse describes Reuvens personality as
FIZZING like water, denoting his impetuousness
in acting out of zeal without thinking of
consquences or implication. Hence he lost the
birthright

*6 Active, Past,Singular,3rd person for Nun-2-3
verbs is No-Ve-Lah

Active, FUTURE, PLURAL, 1st person for 1-2-2
roots No-Ve-Lah--the added terminal HEY
indicates INTENT vs DEFINITIVENESS*10

Here the superior translation is
-------------------------------------------
Let us confuse their language
-------------------------------------------

*10 Radack seems to think Na-Ve-Lah is Passive
Rashi uses the rule that INTENT vs DEFINITE
is indicated by a TERMINAL HEY at the end of
the word. Thus
- NaVoL=we WILL confuse their language
- NaVLH=we INTEND to confuse their language

*1 The RDQ explicitly says the two roots have the same meaning
*2 The RDQ translates each root the same way (but does not
explicitly connect them
*3 The two roots do not have identical meanings but do have
similar meanings. Thus something UNIQUE is ONE of a kind.
Similarly to REVERE someone is to constantly see him/her
before you in your mind (cause-effect). Similarly a person
(or object) becomes WORN OUT by REPEATED USE.
Similarly YSKH refers to the ANNOINTED ONE from SK which
means to ANNOINT. Thus
- YSKH=annointed one and
- SRH=princess have similar etymologies

*1 There are two approaches to 4 letter roots. Sometimes we
try and see them as 2 two letter roots and sometimes we try
and see them as a 3 letter root with an extra letter. Thus
ASTR is explained in the Talmud as ASR. Rav Hirsch stuck to
the 3 letter approach even in obvious cases--thus he takes
MMZR from MZR a rare word in Job.

Similarly Rashi cites a controversy on AVRAYCH:
-- A double 2 letter approach would yield:
AVRAYCH=Gentle(Rc) Father(Av)
-- A 3 letter approach would yield:
AVRAYCH=Kneel (Brch) to me (Aleph)


*2 Note the poetic lisence in e.g.
SRAF =  BIRD(AF) POT (SiR)= Something for Bird nests
This type of small poetic lisence is common in etymologies
and makes their study difficult

*3  Note the finer nuances in some translations. For example ZLAF
occurs rarely in TNACH and its meaning is inferred from its
context. The RDQ in his book of ROOTS says its meaning is SOME
TYPE OF FRIGHT....this could go well with the verse cited by
RDK: "fright has overtaken me"

But perhaps a BETTER translation is
feeling worthless and tired So that the verse with
ZLAF would mean WORTHLESSNESS & FATIGUE HAS OVERTAKEN ME
Then again perhaps there is no way to see which translation
is better

*4 Rashi Gn41-43b

*5 Rashi Gn41-45

*6 Rashi Gn49-12a

*7 The following may help:
- PRCh means to FLY; in connection with fish it could
refer to swimming throughout the water

- SN can mean THORNBUSH or BRANCHES (Songs07-09). I
therefore suggest it means SHRUB like.

So SN-PR would refer to SHRUB-LIKE(SN) protrusions by
which a fish FLYES (PR) - SNPR.

*8 Rashi Nu13-16a

*9 The reference is to a bird with a DOUBLE CROP. Since DU in
ARAMAIC means TWO it appears that Rashi is saying
-------------------------------------------------
DuChiFath = Double(DU) Handle(Caph)=Double CRop
-------------------------------------------------

However we think it preferable that Rashi used Hebrew roots
to explain Hebrew words(Provided simple exaplanations exist)
Hence we read Rashi as saying
--------------------------------------
DuChiFath = ENOUGH (Dai) Handles(CAPH)
--------------------------------------

Thus the word does not DIRECTLY mean DOUBLE CROP. Rather
the essential meaning of the word is ENOUGH HANDLES. The
method by which this particular bird implements this
ENOUGHNESS is thru use of the DOUBLE CROP.

*10 Rashi Gn02-14a Chid-Kel are the SHARP-LIGHT cold river
rapids.

*11 ShinAv was apparently an evil person who HATED his
FATHER-S traditions (Rashi gives two examples:
- ShinAv hated God(Father in heaven);
- ShinAv also hated his Father-s tradition
Rashi-Gn14-02c.

*1 Rashi states the following: "If MOTHERS make mistakes it
is because they raise children; if SINGLE women make
mistakes it is because they try to pick people up"
Rashi should be perceived as giving ILLUSTRATIONS of
why being without children is disgraceful for women

*2 Jacob did not NEED permission to leave with HIS wife
But his father-in-law would perceive it as STEALING
his daughter.

*3 Gn27-41 states that Esauv hated Jacob for stealing the
blessing. Gn27-44 states that after a few years this
hatred would subside. Hence Gn33-09 with its statement
I DONT NEED YOUR MONEY confirms these other 2 verses.

*4 Rashi is NOT commenting on the MERE coincidence that
Shimon and Levi are called BROTHERS in two places.
-Gn49-05 talks about Shimon and Levi KILLING and
PLUNDERING
-Gn34 also talks about SHIMON and Levi KILLING
and plundering.
Thus the cross reference is clear. The accident
that they are called BROTHERS in both places
simply spices up the correspondence.

*5 There is also an element of IDIOM (NEW MEANING HERE)
That is Lv25-25:26 speaks about the REDEEMER(=Nearest
of Kin) while Nu35-19 speaks about the BLOOD REDEEMER
However the concepts are similar....the REDEEMER
in each case is the NEAREST OF KIN.

*6 Further support can be obtained from comparing the singular
and plural used in Nu14. All activities of the spies are
in plural (THEY did it) except for the arrival at Chevron
(HE came to Chevron). This suggests that only one spy came
to Chevron;--reasonably, this is Caleb who opposed the other
spies. It is also reasonable that he came there to pray
for strength to stand up to them (See LIST003a in posting
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/n22n7.htm)

*7 The Hebrew word used is AL. Thus the verse text
- bless AL Mount Grizim
could equally mean
- bless ON TOP of Mount Grizim (While standing on it)
or
- bless TOWARDS Mount Grizim (While standing at foot)
The Joshua verse clarifies WHICH meaning of AL is meant.
For further textual support see
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/dt27-12a.htm

*8 The root MRA means BRAZEN.
- Cedar Trees are Brazen trees--they are tall and towering
- Perhaps then MAMRE was a brazen person who had an orchard
of BRAZEN Cedar trees. Rashis point is that besides the
fact that his name was MAMRE, the name also symbolized
the person.

*1 See LIST854e below for Biblical examples

*2 See LIST854c below for further Biblical examples

*3 Probably when people had a sexual fight (who did what)
they could SPREAD THE GARMENT to clearly prove their
point*10

*4 Many idioms in this list are examples of SYNECDOCHE,
the use of the (distinguished) PART to indicate the
WHOLE. Thus honey is a GOOD EXAMPLE of something
sweet, bread is a GOOD EXAMPLE of food, day(12
hours) is a GOOD EXAMPLE of the 24 hour period. Hence
almost all languages develop idioms: HONEY=SWEET,
BREAD=FOOD, DAY(12 HOURS)=DAY(24 HOURS).

Similarly in the above live SPEADING THE GARMENT
is a GOOD example of PROVING MATTERS (In sexual
disputes), the SUN SHINING is a good example of
CLARITY, GIFT OF HIS HAND is a good example of
a HIGH INCOME LEVEL.

*5 Cf However Lv15-08a Spit ON Him = Actually spit on him
The rule seems to be that SPIT ON HIM is literal
whereas SPIT ON FACE (use of FACE vs FULL PERSON) means
SPIT TOWARDS HIM

*6 eg If I am angry and mentally curse or if I
am angry and start ranting and raving without
however fully articulating everything on my mind
-- in these two cases I may have sworn IN MY MIND
but I have not sworn WITH MY LIPS (Explicitly)

*7 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE
vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH

Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean
- OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS)
- PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH)
- ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED
with Garment)

Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO
IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11

*8 For the relationship between TIME and DESIGNATION
cf the English APPOINT-APPOINTMENT

*9 Cf Gn31-35 for the sister phrase PATH OF WOMEN
which also refers to HAVING PERIODS

*10 (The following comes from my article PSHAT & DRASH
TRADITION Winter 1980)

We must distinguish between
- HOW we know what the idiom means
- WHY the idiom means this

HOW we know what the idiom means comes from USAGE
It can usually be inferred from context. Thus
the Biblical verses here state
when a person slanders his newly married
wife...then the womens parents shall sue
him and SPREAD THE GARMENT before the judges
-------------------------------------

Hence SPREAD the GARMENT is simply an idiom
for PROVING ONES POINT.

By contrast the question of WHY the idiom
means what it does is something more
speculative--maybe I am right that frequently
in sexual fights a SPREAD GARMENT proved a
point. But maybe I am wrong...in such a case
I am still sure about WHAT the idiom means.
I am just not sure about WHY it means this.

Another example occurs at Lv23-40a and Lv23-40b.
I am certain that the ETHROG was called the
GORGEOUS FRUIT but I am not quite sure why. Rashi
offers two explanations

EXPLANATION 1:
The ethrog is an EVERGREEN and DWELLS YEARLY
(This uses a pun on EVERGREEN=HADAR vs
HODOR=GORGEOUS)

EXPLANATION 2
-------------
The TREE and FRUIT taste the same; Hence
the tree is Gorgeous.

EXPLANATION 3
-------------
Rav Hirsch offers a 3rd explanation. Rav
Hirsch reviews botanical classifications and infers
that the Ethrog is one of the more advanced
fruits in the tree Kingdom.

I am still not sure WHY the phrase GORGEOUS
FRUIT means ETHROG but I am sure that this
phrase was used to denote the ETHROG


*11
Here is another example:
GARMENT OF CAPTIVITY does NOT mean
- the GARMENT she wore WHEN captured
(That is the GARMENT with the PROPERTY that
it was worn at the time of capture) but rather means

- the GARMENT she put on in case she is captured
(That is the garment ASSOCIATED with the
possibility of CAPTURE)

Rashi explains that non-jewish women would have
special garments they wore in case they were
captured during a war in order to seduce their
captors and prevent themselves from being murdered.

*12 The Hebrew word A-Chu-Zah by itself can refer to
a plot of land (without any additional words):
------------------------------------------------------
Cf Gn47-11 Gave them a PLOT
Cf Lv25-46 These slaves shall be a PLOT for inheritance
Cf Nu27-04 Give us please a PLOT among our brothers
------------------------------------------------------

*13 So Abraham would stay over for a month or so
then journey then stay over for a month or
shorter or longer etc.