Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 23 Number 24 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h23n24.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Nov 10 th, 2004 WARNING: USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
Simple/Drash | A Peach of an example--Simple vs Homiletic*1 | |
R Strum asks | A peach of a Rashi emendation*2 | |
|
||
*1 -a- XRD means STARTLE/SHOCK -b- GREAT XRD means SHOCK AT PLIGHT OF HUMAN HISTORY -a- is the simple meaning of the text -b- is the Midrashic meaning of the text Both can be backed by lists. Both are what the text intended. A truely beautiful illustration of the unity of - SIMPLE vs - HOMILETIC meaning. *2 Rabbi George Strum pointed out to me the following verses - Gn23-09 The KFL cave in Ephrons field - Gn23-17 Ephrons field in KFL - Gn23-17 The field and cave in IT(IT=KFL) So was KFL an attribute of the cave in the field or was KFL something that contained the field. I suggested the following - KFL=DOUBLE=the name of the TOWN - The town was called DOUBLE either because -- all houses were DOUBLE/TWO STORY -- town was RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT (only DOUBLES(Couples)) Abraham argued that even though the Hitites were a 3rd world nation nevertheless they knew that after the singles scene people needed a place to retire---hence the need for RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS. By giving him a plot in the residential district the HITITES showed empathy with Abrahams values. This explanation is consistent with Rashi that - KFL could refer to COUPLES(4 couples buried in cave) - KFL could refer to TWO STORY cave Rabbi Strum said I seemed to have solved the problem but I violated the traditional interpretation of Rashi We then had a lively discussion about when we could override a traditional interpretation of Rashi. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
7 | 863m | $@N = hindrance/obstacles | |
7 | 863n | XRD = STARTLE/SHOCK; GREAT STARTLE=shock at human history | |
8 | 005k | ALSO=EXTRANESS in a)object b)derived object c)Relation | |
9 | 061a | GOOD NEWS(God with me) facilitates/causes SMOOTH travel | |
7 | 910d | SHIN=SIN:Q$@(Shin)=Beauty; Q$@(sin)=Ornament | |
1 | 210y | Gn33-18a-Jacob came WHOLE illumined by Gn32-32-He had LIMP | |
|
|||
| |||
|
|||
*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
| |||
VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Gn26-21a | UNIFIED MEANING | $@N=hindrance;XRD=Startle; | |
Gn27-33a | UNIFIED MEANING | $@N=hindrance;XRD=Startle; | |
Gn27-45b | SPECIAL WORDS | ALSO used in three ways | |
Gn29-01a | GRAMMARr | Good news(Gd with me)causes SMOOTHNES | |
Gn33-19a | WORD MEANINGS | Q$@=Q$@::Beauty(Shin):Ornament(Sin) | |
Gn33-18a | OTHER VERSES | Jacob came HEALED to Schem from LIMP | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn33-18a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis five main goals is to illuminate verse meaning using cross references to OTHER VERSES. EXAMPLE Gn33-18a ---------------- Gn33-18a, which states that ------------------------- Jacob came WHOLE to Schem ------------------------- is illumined by Gn32-32 which states that ----------------------------------- Jacob LIMPED after fight with angel ----------------------------------- | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | FURTHER DETAILS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #1 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST210y | |
List of verses pairs | with one verse illuminating another |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses pairs with one verse illuminating another LIST210y CONTINUES LIST210a LIST210z | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | OTHER VRSE | DETAILS | |
Gn26-29a | We didnt HARM you | Gn26-16 | we ASKED you to go*1 | |
Gn26-33a | City of SHEVA named for | Gn21-30:31 | OATH=SheVuAh*2 | |
Gn27-27b | FRAGRANT BLESSED FIELD | Lv23-40 | ETHROG=SPLENDOR*3 | |
Gn33-18a | Jacob came WHOLE to city | Gn32-32 | Jacob LIMPED*11 | |
|
||||
*1 We ASKED you to go but didnt HARASS you till you went *2 The point being that the city wasnt named for the symbolic use of SEVEN (SHIVAH) lambs to seal the treaty(BUt rather the SEVEN lambs symbolically affirm the OATH=SHEVA for which the city was named) *3 Gn27-27b refers to a BLESSED FRAGRANT FIELD while Lv23-40 refers to a TREE OF SPLENDOR.*10 --------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES --------------------- *10 Rashi uses the languages ------------------------------- this refers to an APPLE orchard ------------------------------- But apple orchards are not known for their fragrance. Rather the reference is probably to an -------------- ETHROG orchard -------------- which has a characteristic hypnotic fragrance. The Hebrew word for ETHROG is GOLDEN APPLE.(The beauty of fragrance of an ETHROG ORCHARD was mentioned by the Rav, Rabbi Soloveitchick). *11 Rashi citing the Talmud states ------------------------------------------------------- Jacob came whole - from LIMP - from Monetary gifts to Esauv(Jacob had all his money) - with all his learning ------------------------------------------------------- But there 3 items all emanate from Gn32-32 where we are told that Jacob fought with an angel and won. Since he won - he did not lose money - he did not lose his Jewishness |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn33-19a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals was to explain the meaning of words the same way a dictionary explains words. Rashi sometimes explains meaning by analyzing roots. In particular roots with SHIN and SIN often have the same or similar meanings. EXAMPLE Gn33-19a ---------------- The Kuph-Sin-Tet=Ornament and refers to a monetary unit equal to a bead of silver. The Kuph-Shin-Tet=Beauty. Here the ORNAMENT (Sin spelling) is an EXAMPLE of BEAUTY/ADORNMENT (Shin spelling) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 2-4 Letter roots | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST910d | |
List of root pairs with | SHIN-SIN difference;they mean same |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of root pairs with SHIN-SIN difference;they mean same | ||||
ROOT | SIN | SHIN | COMMONALITY OF TWO ROOTS | |
Kuph-Shin-Tet | Ornamnt | Beauty*4 | Ornaments=examples of beauty | |
Kas-Kas | Scales | Stubble | Scales:Fish::Stubble:Ground*3 | |
Sin-Lamed-Vav | FatBird | Tranquil | Feeling of Saiety | |
Ayin-Sin-Resh | 10 | rich | 10=plurality;rich=much money | |
Ayin-Sin-Kuph | dispute | wage-theft | Both involve property fights | |
Kuph-Sin-Kuph | Quarter | trinkets*2 | Both are small silver objects | |
Chet-Sin-Caph | withold | dark | To withold=keep it in dark | |
Nun-Sin-Aleph | lift up | seduce | Seduce=give a person a HIGH | |
|
||||
*1 The 2 Rashis on Gn25-29a Gn25-29b both describe property disputes on the wells, Hence the two roots - Ayin-Shin-Kaph=Withold wages - Ayin-Sin-Kaph=dispute *2 Biblical money has the following analogy with English ------------------------------ Penny = Perutah Quarter = Kesitah = 1/6 Dinar Dollar = Dinar 5 Dollar = Selah = 4 Dinar ------------------------------ We of course use poetic lisence to translate Kesitah as a Quarter (since it really is a sixth) *3 This is an example of naming by APPEARANCE See LIST810b for further examples *4 Both these roots are extremely rare. I translate - Pr22-21 To teach you the BEAUTY of truth - P060-06 Gave victory--in order to ADORN us -------------------------------------------- - Gn33-19a Paid for it with 100 Ornaments*10 -------------------------------------------- | ||||
|
||||
*10 In old times there was no paper money. So money was by the weight/size of silver and gold. Hence a a SILVER ORNAMENT was typically the size between a penny and dollar. Talmudic measurements indicate that - a PENNY=weight of half a wheat grain in silver - ORNAMENT=32 pennies (Size of typical beads) - DOLLAR = 6 ORNAMENTS Here the terms PENNY/ORNAMENT/DOLLAR are used figuratively to refer to units of Biblical currency |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn29-01a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain Grammar the same way modern textbooks do. One class of grammar rules deal with style--eg how paragraphs should be organized. Rashi knew 4 methods of connecting consecutive paragraphs - CAUSE - ENABLEMENT - CONTRAST - UNIFYING THEME EXAMPLE Gn29-01a ---------------- -In Gn28 God states that he will be WITH Jacob -Gn29-01 states that Jacob travelled smoothly Rashi notes that SMOOTH travels is FACILITATED by prior GOOD NEWS | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMAR | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | CONSECUTIVE CHAPTERS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST061a | |
A list of paragraphs | having CAUSAL connection |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
A list of paragraphs having CAUSAL connection | |||
VERSE | TOPIC IN 1st CHAPTER | TOPIC IN 2nd CHAPTER | |
Gn29-01a | God WITH Jacob | Jacob travelled SMOOTHLY*5 | |
Nu06-02a | Adulterous wife rite | Nazaarite from wine*1 | |
Gn38-01a | Brothers sell Joseph | Judah leaves brothers*1 | |
Gn23-03c | Abraham offers Isaac | Sarah dies*1 | |
Gn02-20a | Adam Eve are Naked | Snake gives Eve Apple*2 | |
Lv10-02a | Non-allowed sac | Death of Aarons sons*3 | |
Lv10-02a | Death of Aarons sons | No wine to serving priest*3 | |
Lv10-03d | Death of Righteous | God honored*4 | |
|
|||
*1 Thus "whoever see the humiliating Adulterous wife rite" will be so shocked that he will abstain from wine Similarly "Judah advised his brothers to sell Joseph" and so when they regretted it they blaimed him and he had to "separate from them." Similarly "Sarah died" from the shock that "Abraham offered Isaac." *2 In other words because the snake saw Adam and Eve naked therefore he became Jealous and wanted Adam killed so he could marry Eve. ALthough this sounds a bit wild there is strong supporting evidence. Gn04-01 uses the past perfect form "And Adam HAD BEEN FAMILIAR with his wife & they had a child" So the sequence of chapters is "Adam was lonely" "God makes Eve" "Adam and Eve are naked" ------------------------"Snake tempts Eve" "Adam has a child with Eve" Thus the sequence of chapters (Naked--->child) is clearly interrupted by the Snake story. *3 As explained above Rashi sees these two views as complementary - First they drank wine and got drunk - While drunk they thought it permissable to offer sacrifices which should not be offered Hence they died for both crimes *4 Rashi explains the Causal connection - when the masses see that God EVEN kills the righteous for sins - then they are aware how they must also observe Gods commandments - This leads to more honor for God *5 So GOOD NEWS facilitates/causes SMOOTH TRAVEL(Rashi) |
#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2003, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn27-45b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis primary goals is to explain the meaning of words the same way a dictionary explains meaning. Rashi particularly pays attention to the meaning of CONNECTIVE words. EXAMPLE Gn27-45b ---------------- The Biblical text states ---------------------------------- Why should I ALSO lose both of you ---------------------------------- Rashi explains that Rivkah would lose - her two children - the followers of her two children Because - If Esauv tries to Kill Jacob - Jacob will defend himself and kill Esauv first - But then Esauv-s followers will kill Jacob - And Jacobs followers will kill Esauvs followers - and the two groups of followers will fight | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | SPECIAL CONNECTIVE WORDS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | CONNECTIVE WORDS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #8 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST005k | |
A list of verses with | ALSO used in three ways |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses with ALSO used in three ways*10 | ||||
VERSE | THEME | TEXT | ALSO | |
Ex19-22a | Extra Object | PRIESTS separate | FIRSTBORN separate*1 | |
Ex12-31b | Extra Object | YOU leave | ELDERS leave | |
Ex18-18b | Extra Object | YOU will wither | ELDERS will wither | |
Dt26-13c | Extra Object | Give MAASER | Give TERUMAH | |
Gn15-14a | Extra Object | Egypt punished | 4 Kingdoms punished*2 | |
------ | --------- | ------------ | -------------- | |
Gn17-16b | Derived Object | Sarah has child | has nursing capacity*9 | |
Dt22-22a | Derived object | ADULTERERS die | FOETUS dies | |
Ex12-31c | Derived object | JEWS will leave | INFANTS will leave | |
Ex06-04a | Derived Object | VISION of God | TREATY of God | |
Dt12-31a | Derived Object | Offer CHILDREN | Offer PARENTS | |
Gn42-22a | Derived object | JOSEPH's blood | JACOB'S blood | |
Gn19-21a | Derived object | Spare LOT | Spare his CITY | |
Dt23-19c | Derived object | Hire of WHEAT | FLOUR also prohibited | |
Gn27-45b | Derived object | Lose CHILDREN | Lose their FOLLOWERS*11 | |
--------- | ---------- | -------------- | ----------------------- | |
Ex06-04a | Relational*3 | Mshe/Abrm propht | Long term/not immediate | |
Ex06-05a | Relational*3 | Mshe/Abrm propht | Long term/not immediate | |
Gn07-03a | Relational*4 | 7 Kosher;2 Traif | ditto animals/birds | |
Gn30-03b | Relational*5 | Hagar/Sarah bore | Bilhah/Rachel bore | |
Gn29-27c | Relational*6 | Marry Leah now | Marry Rachel now | |
Gn27-33d | Relational*7 | You are blessed | He is blessed anyway | |
Nu11-04b | Relational*8 | Complain / Cry | non-jews / Jews | |
Gn44-10a | Relational | He dies/We slave | He slave/We free | |
Gn30-30b | Relational | Amass food/wealth | For Laban/Myself | |
Ex07-23a | Relational | Hardened heart | Didn't pay attention | |
Nu22-19a | Relational | Stay tonight/gone | 1st group / 2nd group | |
|
||||
*1 Here is the way to use this list. We use the first row Verse Column ------------ First we look up the verse Ex19-22a AND ALSO THE PRIESTS WILL SEPARATE. Text Column ----------- We see the text---- PRIESTS separate. Also Column ----------- This column indicates that ALSO includes the FIRSTBORN (who functioned as priests). So the verse is read as follows -------------------------------------------- God told Moses: The Priests ALSO (besides the firstborn) will separate -------------------------------------------- In other words the word ALSO is interpreted to include the FIRSTBORN besides the PRIEST. The FIRSTBORN are EXTRA to the priest. To make this easier to see I have CAPPED both FIRSTBORN and PRIESTS. *2 So here without the word ALSO I would say that God punishes nations which subjugate us. With the word ALSO I say that God both punishes the nation AND with 10 plagues AND with letting the Jews out with wealth. *3 God criticized Moses for wanting an IMMEDIATE fulfillment of the prophecy that the Jews will be redeemed. God said I ALSO gave prophecies to the Patriarchs (And they did not demand immediate fulfillment) *4 7:2--7 Kosher animals vs 2 non-kosher animals-- is only mentioned by the ANIMALS. The word ALSO implies the 7:2 ratio was preserved by the birds ALSO. *5 Just as when Sarah couldn't have children she gave her husband(Abraham) her maid (Hagar) so too when Rachel could have children she gave her husband her maid *6 Laban had tricked Jacob into marrying Leah vs. Rachel. *7 Jacob had tricked Isaac into blessing him. Isaac says he is ALSO blessed. In other words, EVEN if he hadnt tricked me he would still be blessed. *8 The Non-jews complained about the lack of food in the desert. The verse continues THEY RETURNED AND COMPLAINED, ALSO THE JEWS. The word ALSO connotes that the Jews complained with the same cynicism as the non-jews. *9 Gn21-27 confirms this since it states ------------------------------------------------ Who would have expected Sarah to NURSE CHILDREN ------------------------------------------------ The plural CHILDREN connotes that Sarah nursed the children of several women at the birthday party. | ||||
|
||||
*10 The three methods are - ALSO connotes an EXTRA extraneous object - ALSO connotes a DERIVED object - ALSO connotes a SIMILAR RELATIONSHIP or method See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/dt23-19c.htm for a previous presentation of this list *11 The argument is that if - Esauv tries to Kill Jacob - Jacob will defend himself and kill Esauv first - But then Esauv-s followers will kill Jacob - And Jacobs followers will kill Esauvs followers - and the two groups of followers will fight Rashi cites an obscure Talmudic passage from Sotah that both Jacob and Esauv died on the same day---but this Homily is clearly allegorical--furthermore the Talmud refutes this and claims that they were buried on the same day (But died on different days) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn26-21a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn26-21a Gn27-33a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis main goals was the explanation of meaning similar to what a dictionary does. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to explain meaning including the METHOD OF UNIFYING MEANINGS in which Rashi shows a UNIFYING theme to the disparate meanings of a Hebrew root. EXAMPLE Gn26-21a $@N --------------------- The Hebrew root $@N=SATAN is best translated as HINDRANCE In the following verses HINDRANCE is the best translation -1S29-04 David will not join us in war because he will HINDER US -2S19-23 David said:Dont be a HINDRANCE--we have won today -1K11-25 They were a (Military) HINDRANCE all of Solomons Reign -Gn26-21a The named the place HINDRANCE-due to ownership disputes -P109-20 Curses on my HINDERERS--who speak badly about me EXAMPLE Gn27-33a XRD -------------------- The Hebrew root XRD is best translated as SHOCK/STARTLE The phrase GREAT XRD refers to SHOCK at the vicissitudes of human history. -Gn42-28 SHOCK/STARTLE at PAYMENT MONEY NOT DELIVERED -Ex19-16 SHOCK/STARTLE at LOUD Trumpet blasts -Ru03-07 SHOCK/STARTLE at finding a women in his bedroom -1S16-04 SHOCK/STARTLE at visit of prophet SAMUEL -2S17-02 SHOCK/STARTLE at Sudden army overtaking by night -1S14-15 SHOCK/STARTLE at military loss of 20 soldiers -Gn27-33a SHOCK/STARTLE at appearance of Esau after he left! -Dn10-07 SHOCK/STARTLE from great prophetic vision | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | UNIFIED MEANINGS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST863m | |
List of verses with | Root $@N meaning HINDRANCE | |
------------------------ | ------------------------------------ | |
SEE BELOW | LIST863n | |
List of verses with | Root XRD meaning STARTLE/SHOCK |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
List of verses with Root $@N meaning HINDRANCE | ||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE WITH TRANSLATION OF $@n=hinder CAPPED | |
1S29-04 | David will not join us in war because he will HINDER US | |
2S19-23 | David said:Dont be a HINDRANCE--we have won today | |
1K11-25 | They were a (Military) HINDRANCE all of Solomons Reign | |
Gn26-21a | They named the place HINDRANCE-due to ownership dispute | |
P109-20 | Curses on my HINDERERS*1--who speak badly about me | |
|
||
*1 So the infamous $@N is NOT an Angel of destruction. Rather he is an angle of HINDRANCE--testing us to see if we serve God when things dont go smoothly. This is best seen in the book of JOB--SATAN can hinder Job but not kill him. Perhaps this is the reason that SATAN is associated with those sexual practices that people do when under severe hindrance. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with Root XRD meaning STARTLE/SHOCK | |||
VERSE | SHOCK/STARTLE | INCIDENT CAUSING startle/shock | |
Gn42-28 | SHOCK/STARTLE | PAYMENT MONEY NOT DELIVERED | |
Ex19-16 | SHOCK/STARTLE | LOUD Trumpet blasts | |
Ru03-07 | SHOCK/STARTLE | finding a women in his bedroom | |
1S16-04 | SHOCK/STARTLE | visit of prophet SAMUEL | |
2S17-02 | SHOCK/STARTLE | Sudden army overtaking by night | |
1S14-15 | SHOCK/STARTLE | military loss of 20 soldiers | |
-------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------- | |
Gn27-33a | SHOCK/STARTLE | appearance of Esau after he left!*1 | |
Dn10-07 | SHOCK/STARTLE | great prophetic vision*1 | |
|
|||
*1 A peach of a Rashi showing the beautiful harmony between - the simple meaning of the text - the so called midrashic meaning of the text Rashi states -------------------------------------------------- XRD means STARTLED/SHOCKED (Rashi-is-Simple...Esauv had just left...so his reappearance STARTLED Isaac) -------------------------------------------------- But Rashi then continues -------------------------------------------------- And the Midrash states that ISAAC saw HELL and hence the word XRD -------------------------------------------------- But neither the Midrash nor Rashi can go against the above list...XRD means STARTLE not the sight of hell. But Rashi comments on TWO items in the verse. For although there are many verses with the root XRD only TWO verses contain the phrase GREAT XRD-- GREAT STARTLE. Dn10-07 contains the phrase GREAT STARTLE when speaking about the great vision of the 4 terror beasts. So quite simply....Isaac didnt exactly see hell but he saw he was lied to and he understood that he had witnessed the power of the 4 terror beasts (Esauv is identified with Rome which is considered the 4th) Note the great beauty of this Rashi--both comments - XRD=startle - GREAT XRD = startle at shock of history are - the simple meaning of the text - backed up by lists. There is no SIMPLE vs HOMILETIC meaning..rather there is simply the text and its clear and unambiguous nuances! Understand this for Rashi never states anything but the simple meaning of the text. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#