Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 24 Number 1 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h24n1.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Nov 17 th / Nov 21st, 2004 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
* USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)*1 * IF IN A RUSH--ONLY read the SUCCINCT SUMMARY SECTION * IF you have more time--READ THE LISTS OF EXAMPLES * IF YOU HAVE LOTS OF TIME--read all footnotes | |||
HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
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VERSE: Gn30-35c
RASHIS COVERED: Gn30-35c Gn30-39a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is to give the meaning of words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We call this the Rashi RULE CLASS of WORD MEANINGS. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning. A common technique of explaining meaning is the skillful use of IDIOMATIC USAGE--that is collections of words which mean more than the individual words.We call this the RASHI SUBRULE CLASS of NEW MEANINGS. In todays posting we explore how METONOMY can give rise to NEW MEANINGS. METONOMY refers to the naming of an item by a related item. For example the word AMERICA which refers to the COUNTRY can, by METONOMY refer to the people--AMERICANS. EXAMPLE Gn30-35c ---------------- Verse Gn30-35c speaks about ---------------------------- any sheep with WHITE in it ---------------------------- Rashi explains that WHITE refers to WHITE PATCHES. Hence he really translates the verse ---------------------------------- any sheep with WHITE PATCHES in it ---------------------------------- Here Rashi uses METONOMY since the word WHITE refers to WHITE PATCHES EXAMPLE Gn30-39a ---------------- Verse Gn30-39a states that -------------------------------------------- the sheep were aroused by the spotted STICKS -------------------------------------------- Rashi explain that STICKS in this verse refers to the REFLECTION OF THE STICKS -------------------------------------------------------------- the sheep were aroused by the REFLECTION OF THE spotted STICKS -------------------------------------------------------------- Thus Rashi here uses the technique of METONOMY since the word STICKS refers to their REFLECTION | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANING | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NEW MEANINGS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST871m | |
List of | words which mean related items-METONOMY |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of words which mean related items-METONOMY*10 | ||||
VERSE | BIBLICAL PHRASE | TRANSLATION | NOTES | |
Gn30-35c | sheep with WHITE | WHITE PATCHES | ||
Gn30-39a | aroused by STICKS | REFLECTION OF STICKS | *11 | |
Ex22-02b | He has BLOOD | Guilty of BLOODSHED | ||
Nu35-27a | He doesnt have BLOOD | Not a MURDERER | ||
-------- | ----------------------- | --------------------- | ----------- | |
Gn23-04b | PLOT OF GRAVE | Burial Plot | *12 | |
Dt25-09a | Spit IN FACE | Spit TOWARDS HIM | *1 | |
Lv05-04a | Swear by lips | Verbally(Explicitly) | *2 | |
Ex28-08a | Belt OF his AYPHOD | Belt USED with AYPHOD | *3 | |
Ex28-31a | the dress OF AYPHD | Aypohd USED with DRES | *3 | |
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*1 Cf However Lv15-08a Spit ON Him = Actually spit on him The rule seems to be that SPIT ON HIM is literal whereas SPIT ON FACE (use of FACE vs FULL PERSON) means SPIT TOWARDS HIM *2 eg If I am angry and mentally curse or if I am angry and start ranting and raving without however fully articulating everything on my mind -- in these two cases I may have sworn IN MY MIND but I have not sworn WITH MY LIPS (Explicitly) *3 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean - OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS) - PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH) - ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED with Garment) Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11 | ||||
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*10 The difference between this list; LIST871m and the sister list, LIST871d, of IDIOMS BY METONOMY is that - LIST871d lists new phrases that have entered the language as idioms--for example, HOLY COINS refers to COINS USED/RELATED TO THE HOLY TEMPLE - LIST871m lists one time usages of metonomy-- for example SHEEP WITH WHITE refers to SHEEP WITH WHITE PATCHES. The difference is that HOLY COINS always refer to TEMPLE-RELATED coins while WHITE does not always refer to WHITE PATCHES---in other words it is a one time use of the RELATED MEANING rule. The metonomy of most of the examples in this list can be inferred from context. *11 It is important to emphasize that SHEEP do NOT get aroused from merely seeing something patched (which reminds them of sheep of the opposite gender). Rather JACOB FIXED the STICKS IN THE WATER. The water in the troughs was FLOWING water. Hence the reflection of the sticks in the water gave the appearance of MOVING / PULSATING ITEMS WITH PATCHES. It is these MOVING / PULSATING items with patches that aroused the female sheep since the pulsating bobbing sticks resembled aroused males. Once the females became aroused the males mated them. So Jacobs trick was to mimic LIVE MALE PATCHED SHEEP by using water reflections of PATCHED STICKS. *12 The Hebrew word A-Chu-Zah by itself can refer to a plot of land (without any additional words): ------------------------------------------------------ Cf Gn47-11 Gave them a PLOT Cf Lv25-46 These slaves shall be a PLOT for inheritance Cf Nu27-04 Give us please a PLOT among our brothers ------------------------------------------------------ |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn30-38a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis main task as a commentator is to explain the meaning of words. We refer to this as the RASHI RULE CLASS or WORD MEANINGS. Rashi had 10 major vehicles by which to explain words. When Rashi uses the SYNONYM subrule class, he does not present the MEANING of words but rather presents CONTRASTING NUANCES that differentiate this word from other words with similar meanings. EXAMPLE-Gn30-38a ROOT NCG ------------------------- The Hebrew root NCG is normally translated as TO STAND But an examination of verses shows that it really means TO FIX, TO SET. Here, Rashi contrasts the synonyms: NCG vs &MD: &MD means to STAND; NCG means TO FIX; TO SET. Consequently Rashi interprets Gn30-38a to mean --------------------------------------------------- Jacob SET and FIXED the sticks in the water troughs --------------------------------------------------- | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | SYNONYMS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST955f | |
List of verses with root | NCG=to FIX; to SET |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
List of verses with root NCG=to FIX; to SET | ||
VERSE | Translation of verse with NCG translated as FIX/SET*1 | |
Jb17-06 | God FIXED me as an example of redicule | |
Am05-15 | Hate evil; love good; SET Justice in the public | |
Ex10-24 | Your cattle will be FIXED here but you can go | |
Gn30-38a | Jacob FIXED spotted sticks in the water troughs*10 | |
1C16-01 | FIX/SET the ark of God in its place | |
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*1 These verses have been selected to show that - the translation NCG=set/fix sounds right - the popular translation NCG=STAND doesn-t quite fit | ||
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*10 It is important to emphasize that SHEEP do NOT get aroused from merely seeing something patched (which reminds them of sheep of the opposite gender). Rather JACOB FIXED the STICKS IN THE WATER. The water in the troughs was FLOWING water. Hence the reflection of the sticks in the water gave the appearance of MOVING / PULSATING ITEMS WITH PATCHES. It is these MOVING / PULSATING items with patches that aroused the female sheep since the pulsating bobbing sticks resembled aroused males. Once the females became aroused the males mated them. So Jacobs trick was to mimic LIVE MALE PATCHED SHEEP by using water reflections of PATCHED STICKS. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn30-43b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently made inferences based on the Biblical STYLE. We call this the Rashi Rule the STYLE rule. A powerful style rule was the painting of a verse in a CLIMACTIC DEVELOPMENT manner.We call this the RASHI SUBRULE of CLIMAX EXAMPLE Gn30-43b Asset acquisition ----------------------------------- Gn30-43 states that -------------------- Jacob acquired many - flocks - servants - mules -------------------- Rashi interprets this using the principle of CLIMAX. Gn30-43 describes the stages by which Jacob acquired wealth - first he acquired many FLOCKS - then he sold some flocks to acquire STAFF to manage the flocks - Finally he acquired TRANSPORT means (MULES) flocks to buyers | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | CLIMAX | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #25 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST450t | |
List of asset developmnt | a) Flocks b) Staff c) Transportation |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of asset developmnt a) Flocks b) Staff c) Transportation | |||
STEP | ACQUIRE | RELATION TO ASSET MANAGEMENT PLAN | |
1st | Flocks | Basic wealth assets | |
2nd | Staff | Sell some flock; acquire staff to manage flocks | |
3rd | Transport | Buy mules;enable sales/acquisition;broaden market |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn31-10b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals was to explain the meaning of words the same way a dictionary explains words. We call this the RASHI RULE CLASS of WORD MEANING. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to explain meaning. For example: Words can be named by FUNCTION (eg the FUNCTION of the UNITED NATIONS is to UNITE the world) or by APPEARANCE (e.g. the PENTAGON is named by its appearance not by its function). We call this the RASHI SUBRULE CLASS of 8 METHODS OF NAMING since there are 8 major methods that can be used--for example, naming by FUNCTION, APPEARANCE, SUBSTANCE, etc. EXAMPLE Gn31-10b ---------------- In todays example Verse Gn31-10b talks about ------------------------------- The HAIL (Hebrew root BRD) Sheep ------------------------------- Rashi interprets HAIL using the method of naming by appearance. The adjective HAIL = HAIL-LIGHTNING refers to animals - that are patched (patches on skin look like HAIL) - with streaks (streaks look like lightning) | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 8 Methods of Naming | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST810b | |
List of | words named by FORM/APPEARANCE |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of words named by FORM/APPEARANCE | |||
VERSE | TERM | Refers to ... | |
Ex25-23a | Table STATURE | Table HEIGHT *3 | |
Ex25-31d | MENORAH THIGH | Its Bottom(Rashi) | |
Ex40-22a | Temple THIGH | Temple SIDE | |
Ex40-22b | Temple THIGH | Temple SIDE | |
Lv01-11a | Altar THIGH | Altar SIDE | |
-------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | |
Ex27-03a | POT | GARBAGE PAIL | |
Ex25-31f | MENORAH BUD | Bud-like ornament | |
Ex25-31g | MENORAH FRUIT | Fruit-like ornament | |
Ex25-31h | MENORAH FLOWER | FLOWER-like ornament | |
Ex28-33a | POMEGRANATES | POMEGRANATE ORNAMENTS | |
Gn31-10b | HAIL-LIGHTNING | PATCHED and STREAKED*10 | |
-------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | |
Lv13-03b | CLOUD wound | WHITE wound | |
Ex25-04a | SKY thread | Thread dyed SKY BLUE | |
Ex25-04b | WORM Thread | Thread DYED RED | |
-------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | |
Lv13-55d | PIT wound | DEEP wound(Pechethet) | |
Lv13-18a | LOW wound | ABCESS | |
Ex39-01b | SKY | FLATTENED out*1 | |
Lv11-09b | Fish STUBBLE | Fish SCALES | |
Ex25-25a | Table CASING | SURROUNDS table legs | |
-------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | |
Nu31-50c | The ROUND | EARING JEWELRY | |
Ex28-32a | MOUTH-HEAD | NECK of a garment | |
Ex35-13a | FACE BREAD | Bread with 2 faces | |
Ex28-04d | CHECKERED | CHECKERED Garment | |
Lv11-03a | RIPPED | SPLIT hoofs | |
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*1 Rashi supplements this explanation by citing verses where RKA means to FLATTEN OUT(eg Isa42-05,P136-07, 2S22-43, Ez06-11,Ex39-03, Nu17-04, Jr10-09--in all these verses RKA means to flatten out/crush) *2 Perhaps the punchiest example is the following - PENTAGON - named by form - U.N. ----- named by function *3 - STATURE is an attribute of HUMANS - HEIGHT is an attribute of OBJECTS | |||
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*10 Rashi does say -------------------------------------------- HAIL SHEEP means SHEEP WITH PATCHES; and there are no supporting verses in the Bible -------------------------------------------- It appears that Rashi is saying that this meaning cant be proven. But we did prove it using the principle of form. Rather what Rashi really means is that ------------------------------------- this translation cannot be proven using inference from USAGE IN OTHER VERSES ------------------------------------- Our point is that ------------------------------------- This translation can be proven using the principle of NAMING BY FORM ------------------------------------- So Rashi was NOT making a magnanimous statement that the meaning cant be proven...rather he was simply stating that it cant be proven by examining other verses---it however can be proven by using other rules such as naming by FORM/APPEARANCE. This is an important concept--there are 30-60 Rashi rules...often one rule doesnt work but other rules do work. Understand this. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn31-04a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis goals is to make broad database queries exposing patterns. We call this the method of DATABASES. EXAMPLE ------- QUERY: What is the ORDER of RACHEL-LEAH when they occur in verses together. In this QUERY we first obtain a list of all verses that contain mention of RACHEL and LEAH. We then examine the order in which RACHEL-LEAH occur. We discover the following PATTERN: - Before their marriage--Leah is listed first-She is oldest) - After their marriage--Rachel is listed first-She is favorite wife The fact that Rachel is the favorite wife is explicitly stated in the Bible: Gn29-18 and Gn29-31 | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | DATABASES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | DATABASES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #27 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST606f | |
Query of | Ordering of Rachel/Leah in verses |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Query of Ordering of Rachel/Leah in verses | |||
VERSE | NAMED/DESIGNATED FOR FUTURE EVENT | FUTURE EVENT | |
Gn29-16 | Leah Rachel Introduction to Labans daughter | Oldest 1st | |
Gn28-17 | Leah Rachel Beauty features of girls | Oldest 1st | |
Gn31-04a | Rachel Leah Jacob seeks advice from wives | Favorite wif | |
Gn31-14 | Rachel Leah Wives give Jacob advice | Favorite wif | |
Ru04-11 | Rachel Leah Blessing: Be like Rachel/Leah | Favorite wif | |
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*1 The fact that Rachel was favorite can be inferred from a a variety of sources. The clearest are - Gn29-18 Jacob loved Rachel (vs Leah)--wanted her for wife - Gn29-31 God saw that Leah was the hated one |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Whats new and hot in this issue? | ||
ITEM | WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE | |
Rashi couldnt | Rashi says NO PROOF IN SCRIPTURE--we give proof | |
Jacobs sticks | Why did the WHITE PATCHED sticks arouse sheep*2 | |
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*2 In posting Gn31-10b Rashi explains that - BRD = patched and streaked We derive this from the principle of NAMING BY APPEARANCE -- thus PATCHES & STREAKS look like HAIL(brd) and -- lightning. Rashi states ---------------------------------------- We cannot prove this meaning from verses ---------------------------------------- But we just gave a proof! The punchline is not that we knew something Rashi did not know...rather the punchline is that Rashi said --------------------------------------------- You cannot prove this meaning by examining OTHER VERSES --------------------------------------------- But we hold that ------------------------------------------------- You can prove this meaning using other principles such as the principle of APPEARANCE ------------------------------------------------- This is an important idea---there are many Rashi principles; when one doesnt work use another. *2 White patched sticks do not arouse sheep. Jacob fixed the sticks in water--thus the reflections of the white patched sticks were bobbing. Hence they resembled live sheep. It was these bobbing white patched reflections that aroused the female sheep since they appeared as male sheep. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
27 | 606f | Ordering of RACHEL-LEAH:Rachel is favorite wife-hence she is 1st | |
7 | 810b | HAIL sheep=Sheep with PATCHES(looks like hail)& streaks(-ltning | |
7 | 955f | NCG means TO FIX; TO SET (not STAND);eg SET justice in public | |
25 | 450t | Asset acquisition: a)assets b) staff c) Transport facilities | |
7 | 871m | WHITE SHEEP=sheep with white patches;STICKS=STICK REFLECTION | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Gn31-04a | DATABASE | Rachel listed first-favorite wife | |
Gn31-10b | WORD MEANINGS | BRD = HAIL-LIGHTNING-Patched/streaks | |
Gn30-43b | CLIMAX | Asset acquisition:asset-staff-trnsprt | |
Gn30-38a | SYNONYMS | &MD=stand; NCG=FIX/SET | |
Gn30-35c | WORD MEANINGS | white sheep = white patched sheep | |
Gn30-39a | WORD MEANINGS | white sheep = white patched sheep | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#