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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 24 Number 1
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               Produced Nov 17 th / Nov 21st, 2004

*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#*#
HELPFUL READING TIPS
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

*       USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)*1
*       IF IN A RUSH--ONLY read the SUCCINCT SUMMARY SECTION
*       IF you have more time--READ THE LISTS OF EXAMPLES
*       IF YOU HAVE LOTS OF TIME--read all footnotes
HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE WHAT SHOULD YOU READ SECTION COLOR
Only 2-3 mintues SUCCINT SUMMARY BROWN
Only 5-8 minutes LISTS BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE
Maybe 20-30 minutes BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION GREEN SECTION
Time to do research SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 Newsletter Bottom
COMMENTS
*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version
For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser

For html or PDF version visit
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm

*2 Each digest has two summary overviews
- LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue)
- OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn30-35c
RASHIS COVERED: Gn30-35c Gn30-39a
Gn30-35c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One  of Rashis 5 main goals is to give the meaning of words
the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We call this the
Rashi RULE CLASS of WORD MEANINGS.

Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning. A common
technique of explaining meaning is the skillful use of
IDIOMATIC USAGE--that is collections of words
which mean more than the individual words.We call this the
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS of NEW MEANINGS.

In todays posting we explore how METONOMY can give rise
to NEW MEANINGS. METONOMY refers to the naming of an item by
a related item. For example the word AMERICA which refers to
the COUNTRY can, by METONOMY refer to the people--AMERICANS.

EXAMPLE Gn30-35c
----------------
Verse Gn30-35c speaks about
----------------------------
any sheep with WHITE in it
----------------------------

Rashi explains that WHITE refers
to WHITE PATCHES. Hence he really
translates the verse
----------------------------------
any sheep with WHITE PATCHES in it
----------------------------------

Here Rashi uses METONOMY since the word WHITE
refers to WHITE PATCHES


EXAMPLE Gn30-39a
----------------
Verse Gn30-39a states that
--------------------------------------------
the sheep were aroused by the spotted STICKS
--------------------------------------------

Rashi explain that STICKS in this verse refers to
the REFLECTION OF THE STICKS
--------------------------------------------------------------
the sheep were aroused by the REFLECTION OF THE spotted STICKS
--------------------------------------------------------------

Thus Rashi here uses the technique of METONOMY since the
word STICKS refers to their REFLECTION
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST871m
List of words which mean related items-METONOMY
LIST871m
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of words which mean related items-METONOMY*10
VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
Gn30-35c sheep with WHITE WHITE PATCHES
Gn30-39a aroused by STICKS REFLECTION OF STICKS *11
Ex22-02b He has BLOOD Guilty of BLOODSHED
Nu35-27a He doesnt have BLOOD Not a MURDERER
-------- ----------------------- --------------------- -----------
Gn23-04b PLOT OF GRAVE Burial Plot *12
Dt25-09a Spit IN FACE Spit TOWARDS HIM *1
Lv05-04a Swear by lips Verbally(Explicitly) *2
Ex28-08a Belt OF his AYPHOD Belt USED with AYPHOD *3
Ex28-31a the dress OF AYPHD Aypohd USED with DRES *3
COMMENTS
*1 Cf However Lv15-08a Spit ON Him = Actually spit on him
The rule seems to be that SPIT ON HIM is literal
whereas SPIT ON FACE (use of FACE vs FULL PERSON) means
SPIT TOWARDS HIM

*2 eg If I am angry and mentally curse or if I
am angry and start ranting and raving without
however fully articulating everything on my mind
-- in these two cases I may have sworn IN MY MIND
but I have not sworn WITH MY LIPS (Explicitly)

*3 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE
vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH

Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean
- OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS)
- PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH)
- ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED
with Garment)

Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO
IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11


LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The difference between this list; LIST871m and
the sister list, LIST871d, of IDIOMS BY METONOMY
is that
- LIST871d lists new phrases that have entered
the language as idioms--for example, HOLY COINS
refers to COINS USED/RELATED TO THE HOLY TEMPLE

- LIST871m lists one time usages of metonomy--
for example SHEEP WITH WHITE refers to
SHEEP WITH WHITE PATCHES.

The difference is that HOLY COINS always refer
to TEMPLE-RELATED coins while WHITE does not
always refer to WHITE PATCHES---in other words
it is a one time use of the RELATED MEANING rule.

The metonomy of most of the examples in this list
can be inferred from context.

*11 It is important to emphasize that SHEEP do NOT get
aroused from merely seeing something patched (which
reminds them of sheep of the opposite gender).

Rather JACOB FIXED the STICKS IN THE WATER.

The water in the troughs was FLOWING water. Hence the
reflection of the sticks in the water gave the appearance
of MOVING / PULSATING ITEMS WITH PATCHES.

It is these MOVING / PULSATING items with patches
that aroused the female sheep since the pulsating
bobbing sticks resembled aroused males. Once the females
became aroused the males mated them.

So Jacobs trick was to mimic LIVE MALE PATCHED SHEEP
by using water reflections of PATCHED STICKS.

*12 The Hebrew word A-Chu-Zah by itself can refer to
a plot of land (without any additional words):
------------------------------------------------------
Cf Gn47-11 Gave them a PLOT
Cf Lv25-46 These slaves shall be a PLOT for inheritance
Cf Nu27-04 Give us please a PLOT among our brothers
------------------------------------------------------

*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn30-38a
Gn30-38a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis main task as a commentator is to explain
the meaning of words. We refer to this as the RASHI RULE
CLASS or WORD MEANINGS.

Rashi had 10 major vehicles by which to explain words.
When Rashi uses the SYNONYM subrule class, he does not
present the MEANING of words but rather presents
CONTRASTING NUANCES that differentiate
this word from other words with similar meanings.

EXAMPLE-Gn30-38a ROOT NCG
-------------------------
The Hebrew root NCG is normally translated as TO STAND
But an examination of verses shows that it really means
TO FIX, TO SET. Here, Rashi contrasts the synonyms: NCG
vs &MD: &MD means to STAND; NCG means TO FIX; TO SET.

Consequently Rashi interprets Gn30-38a to mean
---------------------------------------------------
Jacob SET and FIXED the sticks in the water troughs
---------------------------------------------------
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS SYNONYMS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST955f
List of verses with root NCG=to FIX; to SET
LIST955f
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with root NCG=to FIX; to SET
VERSE Translation of verse with NCG translated as FIX/SET*1
Jb17-06 God FIXED me as an example of redicule
Am05-15 Hate evil; love good; SET Justice in the public
Ex10-24 Your cattle will be FIXED here but you can go
Gn30-38a Jacob FIXED spotted sticks in the water troughs*10
1C16-01 FIX/SET the ark of God in its place
COMMENTS
*1 These verses have been selected to show that
- the translation NCG=set/fix sounds right
- the popular translation NCG=STAND doesn-t quite fit

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 It is important to emphasize that SHEEP do NOT get
aroused from merely seeing something patched (which
reminds them of sheep of the opposite gender).

Rather JACOB FIXED the STICKS IN THE WATER.

The water in the troughs was FLOWING water. Hence the
reflection of the sticks in the water gave the appearance
of MOVING / PULSATING ITEMS WITH PATCHES.

It is these MOVING / PULSATING items with patches
that aroused the female sheep since the pulsating
bobbing sticks resembled aroused males. Once the females
became aroused the males mated them.

So Jacobs trick was to mimic LIVE MALE PATCHED SHEEP
by using water reflections of PATCHED STICKS.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn30-43b
Gn30-43b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently made inferences based on the Biblical STYLE. We
call this the Rashi Rule the STYLE rule.

A powerful style rule was the painting of a verse in a
CLIMACTIC DEVELOPMENT manner.We call this the RASHI SUBRULE of
CLIMAX

EXAMPLE Gn30-43b Asset acquisition
-----------------------------------
Gn30-43 states that
--------------------
Jacob acquired many
- flocks
- servants
- mules
--------------------

Rashi interprets this using the principle of CLIMAX.
Gn30-43 describes the stages by which Jacob acquired wealth
- first he acquired many FLOCKS
- then he sold some flocks to acquire STAFF to manage the flocks
- Finally he acquired TRANSPORT means (MULES) flocks to buyers
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS CLIMAX
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #25
SEE BELOW LIST450t
List of asset developmnt a) Flocks b) Staff c) Transportation
LIST450t
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of asset developmnt a) Flocks b) Staff c) Transportation
STEP ACQUIRE RELATION TO ASSET MANAGEMENT PLAN
1st Flocks Basic wealth assets
2nd Staff Sell some flock; acquire staff to manage flocks
3rd Transport Buy mules;enable sales/acquisition;broaden market
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn31-10b
Gn31-10b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals was to explain the meaning of
words the same way a dictionary explains words. We call this
the RASHI RULE CLASS of WORD MEANING.

Rashi had a variety of vehicles to explain meaning. For
example: Words can be named by FUNCTION (eg the FUNCTION
of the UNITED NATIONS is to UNITE the world) or by
APPEARANCE (e.g. the PENTAGON is named by its appearance
not by its function). We call this the RASHI SUBRULE
CLASS of 8 METHODS OF NAMING since there are 8 major
methods that can be used--for example, naming by FUNCTION,
APPEARANCE, SUBSTANCE, etc.

EXAMPLE Gn31-10b
----------------
In todays example Verse Gn31-10b talks about
-------------------------------
The HAIL (Hebrew root BRD) Sheep
-------------------------------

Rashi interprets HAIL using the method of naming by
appearance. The adjective HAIL = HAIL-LIGHTNING
refers to animals
- that are patched (patches on skin look like HAIL)
- with streaks (streaks look like lightning)
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 8 Methods of Naming
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST810b
List of words named by FORM/APPEARANCE
LIST810b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of                  words named by FORM/APPEARANCE
VERSE TERM Refers to ...
Ex25-23a Table STATURE Table HEIGHT *3
Ex25-31d MENORAH THIGH Its Bottom(Rashi)
Ex40-22a Temple THIGH Temple SIDE
Ex40-22b Temple THIGH Temple SIDE
Lv01-11a Altar THIGH Altar SIDE
-------- -------------- ----------------------
Ex27-03a POT GARBAGE PAIL
Ex25-31f MENORAH BUD Bud-like ornament
Ex25-31g MENORAH FRUIT Fruit-like ornament
Ex25-31h MENORAH FLOWER FLOWER-like ornament
Ex28-33a POMEGRANATES POMEGRANATE ORNAMENTS
Gn31-10b HAIL-LIGHTNING PATCHED and STREAKED*10
-------- -------------- ----------------------
Lv13-03b CLOUD wound WHITE wound
Ex25-04a SKY thread Thread dyed SKY BLUE
Ex25-04b WORM Thread Thread DYED RED
-------- -------------- ----------------------
Lv13-55d PIT wound DEEP wound(Pechethet)
Lv13-18a LOW wound ABCESS
Ex39-01b SKY FLATTENED out*1
Lv11-09b Fish STUBBLE Fish SCALES
Ex25-25a Table CASING SURROUNDS table legs
-------- -------------- ----------------------
Nu31-50c The ROUND EARING JEWELRY
Ex28-32a MOUTH-HEAD NECK of a garment
Ex35-13a FACE BREAD Bread with 2 faces
Ex28-04d CHECKERED CHECKERED Garment
Lv11-03a RIPPED SPLIT hoofs
COMMENTS
*1 Rashi supplements this explanation by
citing verses where RKA means to
FLATTEN OUT(eg Isa42-05,P136-07,
2S22-43, Ez06-11,Ex39-03, Nu17-04,
Jr10-09--in all these verses RKA
means to flatten out/crush)

*2 Perhaps the punchiest example is the following
- PENTAGON - named by form
- U.N. ----- named by function

*3 - STATURE is an attribute of HUMANS
- HEIGHT is an attribute of OBJECTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashi does say
--------------------------------------------
HAIL SHEEP means SHEEP WITH PATCHES; and
there are no supporting verses in the Bible
--------------------------------------------

It appears that Rashi is saying that this
meaning cant be proven.

But we did prove it using the principle of
form.

Rather what Rashi really means is that
-------------------------------------
this translation cannot be proven
using inference from USAGE IN OTHER
VERSES
-------------------------------------


Our point is that
-------------------------------------
This translation can be proven using
the principle of NAMING BY FORM
-------------------------------------

So Rashi was NOT making a magnanimous
statement that the meaning cant be
proven...rather he was simply stating
that it cant be proven by examining
other verses---it however can be proven
by using other rules such as naming
by FORM/APPEARANCE.

This is an important concept--there are
30-60 Rashi rules...often one rule doesnt
work but other rules do work. Understand
this.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn31-04a
Gn31-04a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04



SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis goals is to make broad database queries exposing
patterns. We call this the method of DATABASES.

EXAMPLE
-------
QUERY: What is the ORDER of RACHEL-LEAH when they occur in verses
together. In this QUERY we first obtain a list of all verses
that contain mention of RACHEL and LEAH. We then examine the
order in which RACHEL-LEAH occur. We discover the following

PATTERN:
- Before their marriage--Leah is listed first-She is oldest)
- After their marriage--Rachel is listed first-She is favorite wife
The fact that Rachel is the favorite wife is explicitly stated
in the Bible: Gn29-18 and Gn29-31
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: DATABASES
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS DATABASES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #27
SEE BELOW LIST606f
Query of Ordering of Rachel/Leah in verses
LIST606f
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Query of                 Ordering of Rachel/Leah in verses
VERSE NAMED/DESIGNATED FOR FUTURE EVENT FUTURE EVENT
Gn29-16 Leah Rachel Introduction to Labans daughter Oldest 1st
Gn28-17 Leah Rachel Beauty features of girls Oldest 1st
Gn31-04a Rachel Leah Jacob seeks advice from wives Favorite wif
Gn31-14 Rachel Leah Wives give Jacob advice Favorite wif
Ru04-11 Rachel Leah Blessing: Be like Rachel/Leah Favorite wif
COMMENTS
*1 The fact that Rachel was favorite can be inferred from a
a variety of sources. The clearest are
- Gn29-18 Jacob loved Rachel (vs Leah)--wanted her for wife
- Gn29-31 God saw that Leah was the hated one
OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEM WHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
Rashi couldnt Rashi says NO PROOF IN SCRIPTURE--we give proof
Jacobs sticks Why did the WHITE PATCHED sticks arouse sheep*2
COMMENTS
*2 In posting Gn31-10b Rashi explains that
- BRD = patched and streaked
We derive this from the principle of NAMING BY APPEARANCE
-- thus PATCHES & STREAKS look like HAIL(brd) and
-- lightning.
Rashi states
----------------------------------------
We cannot prove this meaning from verses
----------------------------------------
But we just gave a proof!

The punchline is not that we knew something Rashi did
not know...rather the punchline is that Rashi said
---------------------------------------------
You cannot prove this meaning by examining OTHER VERSES
---------------------------------------------

But we hold that
-------------------------------------------------
You can prove this meaning using other principles
such as the principle of APPEARANCE
-------------------------------------------------

This is an important idea---there are many Rashi
principles; when one doesnt work use another.

*2 White patched sticks do not arouse sheep.
Jacob fixed the sticks in water--thus the reflections
of the white patched sticks were bobbing. Hence they
resembled live sheep. It was these bobbing white patched
reflections that aroused the female sheep since they
appeared as male sheep.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
LIGHTNING SUMMARIES
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10
# LIST BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES
27 606f Ordering of RACHEL-LEAH:Rachel is favorite wife-hence she is 1st
7 810b HAIL sheep=Sheep with PATCHES(looks like hail)& streaks(-ltning
7 955f NCG means TO FIX; TO SET (not STAND);eg SET justice in public
25 450t Asset acquisition: a)assets b) staff c) Transport facilities
7 871m WHITE SHEEP=sheep with white patches;STICKS=STICK REFLECTION
COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =====================================
Gn31-04a DATABASE Rachel listed first-favorite wife
Gn31-10b WORD MEANINGS BRD = HAIL-LIGHTNING-Patched/streaks
Gn30-43b CLIMAX Asset acquisition:asset-staff-trnsprt
Gn30-38a SYNONYMS &MD=stand; NCG=FIX/SET
Gn30-35c WORD MEANINGS white sheep = white patched sheep
Gn30-39a WORD MEANINGS white sheep = white patched sheep
--------- ---------------- -------------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#