Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2004 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 24 Number 12 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h24n12.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Dec 30 rd, 2004 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
* USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)*1 * * IF IN A RUSH--ONLY read the SUCCINCT SUMMARY SECTION * IF you have more time--READ THE LISTS OF EXAMPLES * IF YOU HAVE LOTS OF TIME--read all footnotes * * (UN)SUBSCRIBE/CONTACTS: RJHendel@Juno.com | |||
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
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VERSE: Ex04-10b
RASHIS COVERED: Ex04-10b Ex05-07c Ex21-29a Ex04-08a Gn16-02c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is to explain meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this the Rashi rule of WORD MEANINGS Rashi had 10 vehicles to explain meaning. Rashi frequently explained the new idiomatic meanings of phrases of words--that is, the collection of words has a new meaning that is distinct from the sum of meanings of the individual words. We call this the RASHI SUBRULE of NEW MEANINGS (We could also call this the Rashi subrule of IDIOMS) EXAMPLE Ex04-10b ---------------- The verse states ------------------------------- Moses said to God: I am not a man of words ... because I am HEAVY OF TALKING -------------------------------- Rashi comments ----------------------------------- The phrase HEAVY OF TALKING is an idiom meaning STUTTERER ----------------------------------- Hence Rashi would interpret the verse as follows ------------------------------- Moses said to God: I am not a man of words because I am a STUTTERER -------------------------------- LIST854z below presents a list of Biblical idioms. EXAMPLE Ex05-07c ---------------- The verse states -------------------------------------- ...Let them work...dont give them stubble but keep the brick building LIKE YESTERDAY LIKE THREE DAYS AGO -------------------------------------- Rashi comments ---------------------------------- The phrase LIKE YESTERDAY LIKE THREE DAYS AGO is an IDIOM meaning LIKE THEIR FORMER HABITS ---------------------------------- Hence Rashi would interpret the verse as follows -------------------------------------- ...Let them work...dont give them stubble but keep the brick building LIKE THEIR FORMER HABITS OF PRODUCTION -------------------------------------- EXAMPLE Ex21-29a ----------------------- The verse states --------------------------------- ...but if the ox was a gorer LIKE YESTERDAY LIKE THREE DAYS AGO and it was warned ... then the ox is stoned --------------------------------- Rashi comments ---------------------------------- The phrase LIKE YESTERDAY LIKE THREE DAYS AGO is an IDIOM meaning LIKE ITS FORMER HABITS (of goring) ---------------------------------- Hence Rashi would interpret the verse as follows --------------------------------- ...but if the ox was a gorer LIKE ITS FORMER HABIT of goring... and the ox was warned, then the ox is stoned --------------------------------- Actually the literal rendition of Rashi is ------------------------------------------ - gorer YESTERDAY = a second case - like THREE DAYS AGO = a third case This shows that if the ox had gored three times it has the status of a GORER; if it gored less than three times it has the status of an ordinary ox ------------------------------------------ I believe that Rashi simply interprets LIKE YESTERDAY LIKE THREE DAYS AGO as LIKE ITS FORMER HABIT the same way he interpreted it on Ex05-07c. However Jewish law gives a numerical interpretation to LIKE HIS FORMER HABIT OF GORING to mean IF HE GORED AT LEAST THREE TIMES. That is we interpret Rashi using the principle of STAGES: In STAGE 1 we interpret - LIKE YESTERDAY LIKE THREE TIMES AGO= LIKE HIS FORMER HABIT In STAGE 2 we interpret - LIKE HIS FORMER HABIT = a habit that had been done at least 3 times. Still another way to explain this is that there is an INTERPRETIVE aspect to the verse and also a LEGAL aspect to the verse. LIST854j below explores several verses with the idiom: YESTERDAY ...THREE DAYS AGO. These verses allow us to test the suggestion that this phrase means FORMER HABITUAL BEHAVIOR We continue with other idiom examples. EXAMPLE Gn16-02c ------------------------- The verse states ----------------------------------- God said to Abraham: Everything that Sarah tells you....listen to her VOICE ----------------------------------- Rashi comments ----------------------------------- HER VOICE refers to the HOLY SPIRIT within her ----------------------------------- This is a difficult Rashi to interpret. I suggest that VOICE, in general, refers to NUANCES Here, my suggested interpretation of Rashi ---------------------------------- Listen to Sarah-s NUANCES ---------------------------------- could correspond to Rashi-s statement ----------------------------- Listen to Sarah-s HOLY SPIRIT ----------------------------- The next example seems to confirm our approach EXAMPLE Ex04-08a ---------------- The verse states ----------------------------------------- God told Moses if they dont listen to the VOICE of the first sign then they will listen to the VOICE of the second sign ----------------------------------------- My suggestion that VOICE = NUANCE would yield the following interpretation of Ex04-08a ----------------------------------------- God told Moses if they dont listen to the NUANCES of the first sign then they will listen to the NUANCES of the second sign ----------------------------------------- Rashi actually comments on this verse -------------------------------------- God told Moses: Tell them: I Moses have been punished for slandering the Jews (and doubting that they would listen to signs) -------------------------------------- Thus Rashi-s interpretation is consistent with the suggestion VOICE = NUANCE. LIST854k below explores verses with VOICE meaning NUANCE | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NEW MEANINGS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST854z | |
List of 2-3 word | Biblical idioms | |
----------------------- | ------------------------------------ | |
SEE BELOW | LIST854j | |
List of verses where | YESTERDAY/THREE DAYS=FORMER HABIT | |
----------------------- | ------------------------------------ | |
SEE BELOW | LIST854k | |
List of verses where | VOICE means NUANCES |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
List of verses where YESTERDAY...THREE DAYS means FORMERLY | ||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE WITH yesterday..three days=former habit | |
Ex05-07c | Makes bricks as was YOUR FORMER HABIT | |
Ex21-29a | If the ox had a FORMER HABIT of goring*1 | |
Gn31-02 | Laban no longer HABITUALLY behaved with Jacob as FORMERLY | |
Dt04-41 | accidental murderer did not have a FORMER HABIT of hatred*1 | |
Jo03-04 | Give yourself room since you have no FORMER HABITS here | |
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*1 Jewish law gives numerical quantification to FORMER HABIT... It must have been done 3 times. This numerical quantification is based on an oral tradition and cannot be derived from the Biblical text. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses where VOICE means NUANCES | |||
VERSE | Text of Verse with VOICE | VOICE=NUANCES | |
Ex15-16 | Listen to VOICE of GOD | Nuance of PROPERness*1 | |
Ex18-24 | Moses listened to VOICE of in-law | Took SERIOUSLY-*2 | |
1S02-25 | Didnt listen to VOICE of father | Didnt take it seriously | |
P130-02 | Hear the VOICE of my supplication | helplessness*3 | |
P005-03 | Hear the VOICE of my supplication | helplessness*3 | |
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*1 The verse explicitly continues: AND DO WHAT IS PROPER IN GODS EYES. This would imply that LISTEN TO VOICE connotes OBEYING while LISTEN TO VOICE means LISTENING TO ALL NUANCES AND GOING BEYOND THE LETTER OF THE LAW *2 The verse explicitly continues: ...AND HE DID ALL HIS FATHER-IN-LAW asked. Thus listen to VOICE connotes listening to NUANCES and REASONS and completely complying *3 LISTEN TO ME would mean an examination of the words. LISTEN TO MY VOICE would mean an examination of words and NUANCES--e.g. David asked God to listen to his helplessness and note his sincerity in pleaing. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY LIST854z continues LIST854d | ||||
VERSE | BIBLICAL PHRASE | TRANSLATION | NOTES | |
Ex04-10b | HEAVY MOUTH | STUTTERER | ||
Ex05-07c | YESTERDAY...3 DAYS AGO | FORMER HABIT | ||
Ex21-29a | YESTERDAY...3 DAYS AGO | FORMER HABIT | *18 | |
Gn16-02c | listen to VOICE | listen to NUANCES | *19 | |
Ex04-08a | listen to VOICE | listen to NUANCES | *19 | |
Gn44-20b | ALONE TO... | ONLY | *17 | |
Gn44-18a | SPEAK IN EAR | SPECIAL REQUEST | *16 | |
Gn26-22a | FRUITFUL IN LAND | POPULATE/ESTABLISH it | ||
Gn26-29b | NOW YOU | Is your turn | *15 | |
Dt28-24a | DUST earth | PARCHED land | ||
Dt28-28a | ASTONISHED HEART | APATHY | *14 | |
Dt25-14b | STONE-STONE:Big-Small | Dbl standard weights | *13 | |
Dt14-19a | BIRD INSECT | flys | ||
Dt23-02b | CUT POURER | castrated | ||
Lv01-15c | BLOOD BE SQUEEZED | Squash animal on wall | *7 | |
Ex30-27f | BY ITSELF BY ITSELF | Equally for each one | ||
Ex30-04a | SIDE OF SIDES | Corner | *6 | |
Ex14-05b | CHANGE OF HEART | Changed his mind | ||
Gn43-29a | FIND GRACE | Wish(ed) you well | *5 | |
Gn24-57a | ASK HER MOUTH | Discuss/get opinions | *4 | |
Ex12-06d | BETWEEN THE EVES | NOON | *3 | |
Gn37-03a | SON OF OLD AGE | Youngest | *1 | |
Gn37-26b | COVER BLOOD | Conceal murder | *2 | |
Ex21-21a | DAY OR DAYS | 24 hours | ||
Lv13-39a | DULL WHITE | DULL WHITE | ||
Lv16-08a | PLACE A LOT | Have a lottery | *9 | |
Lv13-20a | SHALLOW APPEARANCE | DEEP wound | *8 *11 | |
Lv13-03b | DEEP APPEARANCE | DEEP wound | *8 *11 | |
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*1 Rashi points out 3 equally possible meanings - Youngest son (Son born while father was ELDERLY) - Wisest son (ELDER=WISDOM) - Son who resembles father (despite old age he still looks like son) *2 This is an example of a DOUBLE METONOMY Blood is ASSOCIATED with life and COVER is associated with denial. Hence COVER-BLOOD=conceal-murder *3 NOON is the midpoint between EVE and DAWN. Hence NOON is the BETWEEN THE EVES. *4 The context is the proposed marriage of 15 year old Rivkah to Isaac from another country. The offer had been made by the servant of Abraham to Rivkahs family The Biblical text states: Let us(her parents) ASK HER MOUTH This is the ONLY time in the Bible that this phrase occurs(The verb ASK occurs frequently). Apparently this phrase means - Lets DISCUSS or LETS GET AN OPINION*10 Such an interpretation is appropriate for a marriage decision *5 FIND-GRACE can equally mean I WISH YOU WELL or YOU WERE WISHED WELL. Rashi points out that GRACE by itself has this same connotation (Without the full phrase FIND GRACE). See LIST854g for further details *6 Tzade-Lamed-Ayin means SIDE (and hence can refer to the RIBS). Thus Ex30-04 speaks about the SIDE OF SIDES--that is the CORNER. *7 Actually the idiom consists of two parts - SQUEEZE the blood - use of the passive (Blood is SQUEEZED) Hence the idea that the slaughtered animal is pushed against the altar wall until the blood oozes forth. *8 In other words the WHITE PATCHES on the skin appear to be a DEEP WOUND (rather than a superficial skin discoloring) *11 *9 The Bible uses a variety of phrases to indicate lotteries such as - SHOOT A LOT Jo18-06 - THROW A LOT Jo18-08 - RAISE A LOT Jo18-11 - PLACE A LOT Lv16-08 - CAST A LOT Is34-17 *12 | ||||
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*10 Hence the Rashi on Gn24-57b: The Biblical text states that Rivkah responded: I WILL GO. But Rashi, surprisingly states: I WILL GO WHETHER YOU LIKE IT OR NOT. Why did Rashi read such an emphasis into the simple question and answer ------------------------------------------ PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man RIVKAH: I will go. ------------------------------------------ The answer is that the Bible says ------------------------------------------ PARENTS: We will DISCUSS THE MATTER with her; get her opinion PARENTS: Rivkah, Will you go with this man RIVKAH: I will go. ------------------------------------------ Thus the context shows that Rivkah was not INTERESTED IN A DISCUSSION--she had already made up her mind *11 Rashi appears to say the following --------------------------------------- ALL WHITE appears deep; like the SUNLIT part appears deeper than the SHADE --------------------------------------- But the sunlit part does NOT appear deeper than shade. Hence we interpret this Rashi as follows -------------------------------------------- [The skin whiteness is not speckled but] ALL WHITE; [it appears] deep like a BURN appears deeper than just on SURFACE OF SKIN --------------------------------------------- By comparing the capped words in these two interpretations of Rashi we infer that we interpret - ChaMMaH as meaning BURN vs SUNLIT - SHADE as referring to non-burnt skin (vs shade) We also interpret -- [The skin is] ALL WHITE (not speckled); It appears... vs -- ALL WHITE APPEARS DEEP (This is a change in punctuation) *12 Superficially these phrases seem to be the same However Rashi on Lv16-08 states that PLACE A LOT means CASTING A LOT and PLACING the WINNING/LOSING TICKETS on the winners/losers. *13 Rashis literal langauge is ------------------------------------ Dont have BIG-SMALL stones with one contradicting the other ------------------------------------ I however have translated the Biblical text as meaning ----------------------------------------------- Dont have DOUBLE STANDARD STONES--big small; (and you use them depending on the customer) ----------------------------------------------- I believe these two translations are the same-- - Rashi emphasized the MECHANICS of the act - I emphasized the NEW MEANING aspect of the Biblical words You need both aspects to fully understand Rashi *14 An ASTONISHED or STARTLED person temporarily loses their capacity to respond to the environment (The STARTLE reflex). Hence an ASTONISHED HEART refers to an EMOTION (=heart) where one cant respond-- namely APATHY *15 The phrase ITS YOUR TURN is used in a context where a favor had been done to a person who is now asked to reciprocate *16 See LIST854i for several examples *17 See LIST854h for several examples *18 LIST854j below explores several verses with the idiom: YESTERDAY ...THREE DAYS AGO. These verses allow us to test the suggestion that this means LIKE FORMER HABITUAL BEHAVIOR Rashi on Ex21-29a states a requirement that an Ox is not considered a habitual Gorer unless the goring is done on 3 days. Rashi does not derive this from the verse. Rather Rashi on Ex21-29a interprets YESTERDAY...THREE DAYS AGO the same way he does on Ex05-07c as meaning FORMER HABITUAL BEHAVIOR. However Rashi supplements his interpretation of the phrase YESTERDAY...THREE DAYS AGO with the mention that Jewish law gives a numerical criteria that an Ox is not considered a Gorer unless the act has been done three times. This item in Jewish law is a numerical measurement handed down by tradition and should not be perceived as being derived from the Biblical text. *19 On Gn16-02c Rashi interprets VOICE to mean HOLY SPIRIT. On Ex04-08a Rashi suggests that God told Moses that he should tell the Jews that he (Moses) was being punished for receiving slander. In both these cases LISTEN TO VOICE seems to mean - listen to the nuances/consequences/ |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
7 | 854z | List of Rashis where word phrases acquire new idiomatic meaning | |
7 | 854j | AS YESTERDAY...THREE DAYS AGO means AS FORMER HABIT | |
7 | 854k | LISTEN TO VOICE means LISTEN TO NUANCES | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Ex04-10b | NEW MEANINGS | HEAVY MOUTH=stutter;VOICE=nuance,... | |
Ex05-07c | NEW MEANINGS | HEAVY MOUTH=stutter;VOICE=nuance,... | |
Ex21-29a | NEW MEANINGS | HEAVY MOUTH=stutter;VOICE=nuance,... | |
Ex04-08a | NEW MEANINGS | HEAVY MOUTH=stutter;VOICE=nuance,... | |
Gn16-02c | NEW MEANINGS | HEAVY MOUTH=stutter;VOICE=nuance,... | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#