Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 24 Number 19 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h24n19.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Jan 20 th, 2005 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
* USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)*1 * * IF IN A RUSH--ONLY read the SUCCINCT SUMMARY SECTION * IF you have more time--READ THE LISTS OF EXAMPLES * IF YOU HAVE LOTS OF TIME--read all footnotes * * (UN)SUBSCRIBE/CONTACTS: RJHendel@Juno.com | |||
HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Ex14-07c
RASHIS COVERED: Ex14-07c Ex14-08b Nu15-30a Ex14-27b
Ex17-04a Ex21-14b Ex22-01b Gn31-54c Lv11-03b
Lv21-21c Lv02-11a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is to give the meaning of words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We call this the Rashi RULE of WORD MEANINGS. Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning. A common technique of explaining meaning is the skillful use of IDIOMATIC USAGE--that is collections of words which mean more than the individual words.We call this the RASHI SUBRULE CLASS of NEW MEANINGS. In todays posting we explore how METONOMY can give rise to NEW MEANINGS. METONOMY refers to the naming of an item by a related item. For example the word AMERICA which refers to the COUNTRY can, by METONOMY refer to the people--AMERICANS. Both idiomatic expressions--which are permanant new meanings in a language--as well as metonomies--which refer to possibly one-time uses of metonomy--are governed by the Rashi subrule of NEW MEANINGS. EXAMPLE Ex14-07c ---------------- Both in English and Hebrew The word FIRST can mean - FIRST - PRESIDENT (First in land) The word SECOND can mean - SECOND - VICE PRESIDENT (2nd in command) The word THIRD can mean - THIRD - SECRETARY OF STATE LIST871m presents other examples of METONOMY We next explore how two or more words can form a new IDIOMATIC phrase which intrinsically means something new, over and above the sum of the meanings of the individual phrases. EXAMPLE Ex14-08b Nu15-30a ------------------------- The expression HIGH HAND can have various meanings But the basic idea is one of BRAZENNESS. Compare its usage in the following verses Ex14-08b ---------------------------------------- Pharoh pursued the Jews But the Jews went out of Egypt BRAZENLY ---------------------------------------- Nu15-30a ------------------------------------- [Previous verse discusses inadvertent sin] But a person who sins WILLFULLY .... ------------------------------------- 1K11-26 ------------------------------------- He REBELLED against the King ------------------------------------- Mi05-08 --------------------------------------------- DECLARE WAR on your enemies and they will die --------------------------------------------- Dt12-06 -------------------- ..... your DONATIONS -------------------- LIST854L below summarizes these meanings of RAISE HAND Here are more examples of idiomatic new phrases -------------------------------------------------- EXAMPLES Ex14-27b -- At the TURN OF MORNING ------------------------------------------- Ex14-27b states-- At the TURN OF MORNING Rashi translates -- At DAWN EXAMPLE Ex17-04a ---------------- The verse states ------------------------------------------ Moses said to God What can I do for this nation A LITTLE MORE and they will stone me ------------------------------------------ Rashi comments -------------------------------------- the phrase A LITTLE MORE is an idiom meaning ANXIETY / FEAR -------------------------------------- So Rashi translates the verse ------------------------------------------ Moses said to God What can I do for this nation I AM AFRAID they will stone me ------------------------------------------ EXAMPLE Ex22-01b ---------------- The verse states -------------------------------------------- If a thief was found in a tunnel[to the house] and was smitten and died then he[the owner] HAS NO BLOOD --------------------------------------------- Rashi comments -------------- The phrases HAS BLOOD or HAS NO BLOOD refers0 to responsibility for murder -------------- LIST854y below summarizes these Biblical Idioms. Closely related to METONOMY (meaning by RELATION) is SYNECHDOCHE (meaning by WHOLE-PART) and meaning by GOOD EXAMPLE. For example, HONEY refers specifically to HONEY. But HONEY is a GOOD EXAMPLE of any sweet. Hence HONEY can mean SWEET (whether from HONEY or not). We can view this HONEY-SWEET derivation as meaning by - GOOD EXAMPLE: HONEY is a GOOD EXAMPLE of SWEETNESS - METONOMY: HONEY is RELATED to SWEETNESS - SYNECHDOCHE: HONEY is PART of the class of SWEETS To recap: We can name whole classes of objects by good examples in those classes. EXAMPLE Ex21-14b -------------------------------------------- The verse states ----------------------------------------- If a person kills willfully then take him away from my ALTAR to be executed ----------------------------------------- Rashi comments ------------------------------ The law (of taking him away) applies to any PRIESTLY service [altar work is simply a good example] ------------------------------ LIST850a provides other Rashis and examples of meaning by GOOD EXAMPLE | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANING | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NEW MEANINGS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST871m | |
List of | words which mean related items-METONOMY | |
---------------------- | --------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST854y | |
List of 2-3 word | Biblical idioms | |
---------------------- | --------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST854L | |
List of verses with | IDIOM: RAISE HAND=BRAZEN | |
---------------------- | --------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST850a | |
List of words showing | WHOLE-PART etymologies (eg HONEY=SWEET) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
List of words showing WHOLE-PART etymologies (eg HONEY=SWEET) | ||
PHRASE | CAPPED word can also men | |
ALTAR*3 | Any priestly service*3 | |
BREAD*4 | Any food | |
HONEY*5 | Anything sweet | |
DAY can mean | Any 24 hour period | |
MAN (ISH)can mean | Any person | |
E-L-H-I-M can mean | Judge | |
IN | Among | |
SEAL-engraved*1 | Engraved with clear letters | |
SCRIBAL pen*2 | Good pen | |
ORANGE | Same color as ORANGE fruit | |
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*1 Ex28-11b *2 Ps45-02 *3 Ex21-14b *4 Gn31-54c, Lv11-03b, Lv21-21c *5 Lv02-11a |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY LIST854y continues LIST854d LIST854y | ||||
VERSE | BIBLICAL PHRASE | TRANSLATION | NOTES | |
Ex14-08b | HIGH HAND | Brazenly | *1 | |
Nu15-30a | HIGH HAND | Intentionally | *1 | |
Ex14-27b | TURN OF MORNING | Dawn | ||
Ex17-04a | A LITTLE MORE AND.. | I am afraid that | ||
Ex22-01b | HAS NO BLOOD | Is not a MURDERER | ||
Gn37-26b | COVER BLOOD | conceal MURDER |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
List of verses with IDIOM: RAISE HAND=BRAZEN*10 | ||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE WITH TRANSLATION OF high hand CAPPED | |
Ex14-08b | ...Pharoh pursued, but the Jews left BRAZENLY | |
Nu15-30a | ...but a person who sins WILLFULLY | |
1K11-26 | He REBELLED against the King | |
Mi05-08 | DECLARE WAR, oh God, and your enemies will DIE | |
Dt12-06 | ...your DONATIONS (BRAZENLY stated devotion) | |
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*10 See Rashi on Is26-11 who points out that this idiomatic usage requires accenting on the last syllable. (Accenting on the first syllable indicates REMOVAL) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of words which mean related items-METONOMY*10 | ||||
VERSE | BIBLICAL PHRASE | TRANSLATION | NOTES | |
Gn49-26d | BREASTS | Ejaculation | ||
Gn49-26c | EJACTULATION and WOMBS | Many happy children | ||
Gn30-35c | sheep with WHITE | WHITE PATCHES | ||
Gn30-39a | aroused by STICKS | REFLECTION OF STICKS | *11 | |
Ex14-07c | FIRST-SECOND-THIRD | PRES-VicePres-Secrtry | ||
Ex22-02b | He has BLOOD | Guilty of BLOODSHED | ||
Nu35-27a | He doesnt have BLOOD | Not a MURDERER | ||
-------- | ----------------------- | --------------------- | ----------- | |
Gn23-04b | PLOT OF GRAVE | Burial Plot | *12 | |
Dt25-09a | Spit IN FACE | Spit TOWARDS HIM | *1 | |
Lv05-04a | Swear by lips | Verbally(Explicitly) | *2 | |
Ex28-08a | Belt OF his AYPHOD | Belt USED with AYPHOD | *3 | |
Ex28-31a | the dress OF AYPHD | Aypohd USED with DRES | *3 | |
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*1 Cf However Lv15-08a Spit ON Him = Actually spit on him The rule seems to be that SPIT ON HIM is literal whereas SPIT ON FACE (use of FACE vs FULL PERSON) means SPIT TOWARDS HIM *2 eg If I am angry and mentally curse or if I am angry and start ranting and raving without however fully articulating everything on my mind -- in these two cases I may have sworn IN MY MIND but I have not sworn WITH MY LIPS (Explicitly) *3 Contrast Ex20-03a OTHER GODS=GODS OF OTHER PEOPLE vs Ex21-02a JEWISH SLAVE = SLAVE AND JEWISH Technically the possessive --OF-- can mean - OWNED BY (eg OTHER GODS = gODS of OTHERS) - PROPERTY (eg JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE who is JEWISH) - ASSOCIATED WITH (eg BELT OF GARMENT=Belt USED with Garment) Note Rashi proves the JEWISH SLAVE=SLAVE WHO IS JEWISH by citing an other verse Dt15-12 *11 | ||||
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*10 The difference between this list; LIST871m and the sister list, LIST871d, of IDIOMS BY METONOMY is that - LIST871d lists new phrases that have entered the language as idioms--for example, HOLY COINS refers to COINS USED/RELATED TO THE HOLY TEMPLE - LIST871m lists one time usages of metonomy-- for example SHEEP WITH WHITE refers to SHEEP WITH WHITE PATCHES. The difference is that HOLY COINS always refer to TEMPLE-RELATED coins while WHITE does not always refer to WHITE PATCHES---in other words it is a one time use of the RELATED MEANING rule. The metonomy of most of the examples in this list can be inferred from context. *11 It is important to emphasize that SHEEP do NOT get aroused from merely seeing something patched (which reminds them of sheep of the opposite gender). Rather JACOB FIXED the STICKS IN THE WATER. The water in the troughs was FLOWING water. Hence the reflection of the sticks in the water gave the appearance of MOVING / PULSATING ITEMS WITH PATCHES. It is these MOVING / PULSATING items with patches that aroused the female sheep since the pulsating bobbing sticks resembled aroused males. Once the females became aroused the males mated them. So Jacobs trick was to mimic LIVE MALE PATCHED SHEEP by using water reflections of PATCHED STICKS. *12 The Hebrew word A-Chu-Zah by itself can refer to a plot of land (without any additional words): ------------------------------------------------------ Cf Gn47-11 Gave them a PLOT Cf Lv25-46 These slaves shall be a PLOT for inheritance Cf Nu27-04 Give us please a PLOT among our brothers ------------------------------------------------------ |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
7 | 854y | RAISE HAND=brazen;TURN OF MORNING=dawn; | |
7 | 854y | A LITTLE MORE AND...=I am afraid;HAS NO BLOOD=not a murderer | |
7 | 871m | FIRST=president; SECOND=vice president; THIRD=secretary | |
7 | 854L | RAISE HAND=BRAZEN: a)brazen b)intentional c)rebel d)war e)donate | |
7 | 850a | HONEY=any sweet; BREAD=any food; ALTAR=any priestly service | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Ex14-07c | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Ex14-08b | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Nu15-30a | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Ex14-27b | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Ex17-04a | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Ex21-14b | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Ex22-01b | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Gn31-54c | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Lv11-03b | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Lv21-21c | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
Lv02-11a | WORD MEANINGS | 2nd=VP;HIGH HAND=brazenly;TurnMrn=Dwn | |
--------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#