SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the alignment
of ALMOST similar verses. The minor variations between these
almost similar verses suggests nuances and differences or
even meaning. We call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT

When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost
identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING.

EXAMPLE Ex09-32a
----------------
Ex09-31:32 states in discussing the effects of the hail
----------------------------------------------------------------
Flax/barley were     hit because flax was bud barley was in ear
Wheat/spelt were not hit because they were dark
*1               *2                        *3
----------------------------------------------------------------

Rashi infers from the alignment that DARK GRAIN refers to
NON-SPROUTED grain which explains why the hail did not hit them

Radack further clarifies why the the Hebrew root Aleph-Pay-Lamed
which means DARK, here means UNBUDDED. Radack explains that
before a seed ripens it lies in the ground in the dark.

List of phrases in       Ex09-31:32 DARK=unbudded, in ground

SUCCINCT SUMMARY:
-----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals is to explain meaning the same way
the dictionary explains meaning. We call this the Rashi rule
of WORD MEANINGS. Rashi could simply infer meaning from a list
of verses which use this root. We call this the RASHI SUBRULE
of WORD MEANINGS. Perhaps it should more appropriately be called
the Rashi subrule of INFERENCE FROM VERSES. Note that this
Rashi subrule corresponds to the Rabbi Ishmael exegetical rule
of INFERRING BASED ON GENERALIZATION FROM SEVERAL TEXTS

Example Ex09-08a
----------------
Rashi translates this verse
----------------------------------
take full HANDFULS of furnace soot
----------------------------------

Here Rashi translates Cheth-Pay-Nun as HANDFUL

This root is very rare and occurs only 5 times
in the entire Bible.


LIST802p below summarizes these occurrences

Example Ex09-17a
----------------
The Hebrew root Samech-Lamed-Lamed means PAVED.
Hence this root can mean
- a PAVING MACHINE
- a PAVED ROAD
The root can also have metaphoric meaning
- a CLEAR and PAVED path in a subject
- to TROD and WALK over people (Ex09-17a)

Using the Radack we bring various verses illustrating
these meanings.

LIST802q below summarizes these verses. We cite the
opinion of the Radack who translates the root differently

Example Ex09-19a
----------------
The Hebrew root Ayin-Yud-Zayin means TO GOAT A HERD--that is
to gather in a herd even against resistance.

This meaning occurs very infrequently in only about half
a dozen verses. But in all these verses the root clearly
means to GATHER and FORTIFY oneself.

LIST802r below summarizes these verses

List of verses where     Cheth-Pay-Nun means HANDFULS

List of verses where     Samech-Lamed-Lamed means PAVED

List of verses where     Ayin-Yud-Zayin=TO GOAT flock(gather it)

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals was the resolution of contradiction
We call this the RASHI RULE OF CONTRADICTION.

Rashi had a variety of methods to resolve contradiction. Very
often the CONTRADICTION could be resolved by viewing the
contradictory properties as applying to TWO CASES. We call
this the Rashi SUBRULE of TWO CASES.


EXAMPLE - Death of Egyptian livestock
------------------
Compare the following verses
-------------------------------
Ex09-03 God will destroy livestock IN FIELD [plague #5]
Ex09-09 God will send boils on livestock [plague #6]
Ex09-19 God will kill by hail all livestock in field [plague7]
Ex14-07 ...Egypt harnessed 600 chariots

This appears contradictory---if the livestock were killed
in plague #5 then how were there livestock in plagues #6,
#7, #8. Rashi resolves this contradiction using the language
in the verses

- God killed livestock in FIELD (those in house survived)
- Livestock in house got boils [Plague #6]
- Livestock who left house for field died [Plague #7]
- Livestock in house was used for chariots

Here Rashi resolves contradiction using 2 cases: Livestock
in FIELD vs HOUSE. This distinction is based on the verse

Rashi wryly notes that
- the people who believed in God and save livestock in house
- then turned against God and sent livestock for chariots

LIST510a presents other examples of resolving contradiction
by 2 cases

List of verses with      Contradiction resolved by 2 cases

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One  of Rashis 5 main goals is to give the meaning of words
the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We call this the
Rashi RULE of WORD MEANINGS.

Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning. A common
technique of explaining meaning is the skillful use of
IDIOMATIC USAGE--that is collections of words
which mean more than the individual words.We call this the
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS of NEW MEANINGS.

In todays posting we explore how METONOMY can give rise
to NEW MEANINGS. METONOMY refers to the naming of an item by
a related item. For example the word AMERICA which refers to
the COUNTRY can, by METONOMY refer to the people--AMERICANS.
Both idiomatic expressions--which are permanant new meanings
in a language--as well as metonomies--which refer to possibly
one-time uses of metonomy--are governed by the Rashi subrule
of NEW MEANINGS.

EXAMPLE Ex09-18a
----------------
Both in English and Hebrew  the phrase

- LIKE THIS TIME TOMORROW

means at THIS HOUR on the next day

LIST854y gives other examples of 2-3 word Biblical idioms

A List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY
LIST854y continues  LIST854d LIST854y

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10