SUCCINCT SUMMARY:
-----------------
One of Rashis 5 main goals is to explain meaning the same way
the dictionary explains meaning. We call this the Rashi rule
of WORD MEANINGS. Rashi could simply infer meaning from a list
of verses which use this root. We call this the RASHI SUBRULE
of WORD MEANINGS. Perhaps it should more appropriately be called
the Rashi subrule of INFERENCE FROM VERSES. Note that this
Rashi subrule corresponds to the Rabbi Ishmael exegetical rule
of INFERRING BASED ON GENERALIZATION FROM SEVERAL TEXTS

EXAMPLE: Caph-Nun means PROPER
------------------------------
On the three verses listed below Rashi states
------------------------------
The root Caph-Nun means PROPER
------------------------------

The great Grammarian, Radak, further clarifies
this in his BOOK OF BIBLICAL ROOTS
-----------------------------------
The Hebrew word Nun-Caph-Vuv-Nun
means PROPERLY. The Hebrew word
Caph-Nun is simply an alternate form
or else refers to propriety
-----------------------------------

Some sample Biblical texts with Caph-Nun translated
as PROPERLY are
-------------------------------------------
Gn42-11b we are PROPER people--not spies
Nu27-07a The ladies argue PROPERLY
Nu27-07b The ladies argue PROPERLY
-------------------------------------------

LIST802L below gives a list of verses--from the Radak
and Rashi--illustrating this principle

List of verses where     Caph-Nun means PROPER

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis main methods is the skillful use of
ALIGNMENT to illustrate nuances. The minor differences
between TWO ALIGNED verses powerfully suggests explicit
concepts. We call this the RASHI RULE of ALIGNMENT.

When the ALIGNMENT method is used to infer NUANCES we
speak about the NUANCE SUBRULE of the ALIGNMENT method.

EXAMPLE: Gn42-03a
-----------------
Several Biblical texts state as follows
--------------------------------------
Gn42-03a Joes     brothers came down
Gn42-05  Jacobs   sons     came for food
Gn42-06  Joes     brothers came and bowed
Differs  *1       *2       *3
--------------------------------------

Rashi (slightly paraphrased) states
-------------------------------------------
Notice how the text calls them JOE's
brothers vs JACOBS sons. The deliberate
shifts within a few verses places emphasis
and shows us that they regarded Joeseph as
their brother---that they repented from the
attempt to kill him
-------------------------------------------

LIST308i below summarizes this ALIGNMENT

List of verses with appelation JACOBS SONS vs JOES BROTHERS

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals was to explain GRAMMAR similar to
the way modern textbooks explain GRAMMAR. We call this the
Rashi rule of GRAMMAR.

Although a major part of GRAMMAR deals with verb conjugation
there are other parts of grammar. Rashi in todays posting
deals with the SEQUENCE and ORDER of words in a sentence.
We call this the Rashi subrule of WORD ORDER. A great debt
is owed to the 19th century commentator, Malbim, who pointed
out both the power and simplicity of using word order to
explain Midrash.

EXAMPLE Gn42-03b
----------------
The Biblical text states
-------------------------------------
The brothers 10 went down to Egypt
-------------------------------------

Rashi (paraphrased) states
------------------------------------
It does not say THE TEN BROTHERS
but rather THE BROTHERS TEN. A rule
of grammar states that when the
ADJECTIVE (TEN) goes after the
NOUN(BROTHERS) it connotes distinctness.
Hence we infer that the 10 brothers
went down in 10 distinct paths...that
is they entered the city not together
but thru 10 different city gates
------------------------------------

LIST071b below exhaustively examines the 3
possible reasons for NOUN-ADJ order in
sentences.

Another Rashi rule that will supplements the
above is the Rashi rule of WORD MEANING, when
Rashi attempts to present dictionary meaning.

An associated Rashi subrule is the SYNONYM
subrule--here, Rashi doesnt present dictionary
meaning but rather contrasts the nuances of
words with almost identical meaning.

In http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h22n6.htm,
in LIST955j we showed several Rashis where
- Tauv-Caph means CENTRALLY IN vs
- Beth which means IN.

Using this concept we can supplement the
above analysis. The Biblical text at Gn42-05a states
-----------------------------------------
Jacobs sons came CENTRALLY AMONG those
who sought food
-----------------------------------------


Rashi states
-----------------------------------------
They came CENTRALLY AMONG--they entered
thru 10 gates and acted inconspicuously
-----------------------------------------

Rashi here combines the inferences from
- brothers 10 vs 10 brothers
- Tauv-Vav-Caph vs Beth
The two ideas together teach us that
- the brothers came thru 10 gates
- and acted inconspicuously so as not
to attrac attention

We are not updating LIST955j which contains
examples of Tauv-Vav-Caph since an other
principle is in use at Gn42-05a

Finally we may further supplement the above
derivations using the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT.
Here Rashi ALIGNS texts that are almost
identical word for word; the minor differences
between the two texts allow inferences of nuances.
We call this the Rashi subrule of NUANCE.

The Biblical text at Gn42-06 states
------------------------------------------------
Joe He is ruler    over      land
--- He is supplier to    ALL people of the land
*1   *2            *3     *4 *5
------------------------------------------------

Notice how the second part of the verse emphasizes
the word ALL people (Difference #4).  From this
subtle difference the Midrash Rabbah states
--------------------------------------------
Joseph kept auditors at all entry points;
Joseph kept track of EVERY person who
entered to obtain food
--------------------------------------------

The Midrash learns this from the word ALL. It
also makes sense. If you are dispensing food then
you want to make sure that no fraud takes place so
you must have a way of checking for duplicate requests.
Although this is logical the Midrash derives it
from the alignment.

Rashi at Gn42-12a states
-------------------------------------
Joseph told the brothers: You entered
thru 10 check points. I infer that
you are spies from the fact that you
hid your common identity
-------------------------------------

Here Rashi connects two ideas
- the inference that the brothers came
thru 10 gates which we infer from the
NOUN-ADJ order
- the inference that Joseph knew who
came thru each gate, which we infer
from the alignment of Gn42-06

LIST308j below summarizes this alignment.

List of verses with      Joe:Rules LAND vs provides ALL people

Lists of verses with     NOUN-ADJ orders-e.g. brothers 10

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain
Grammar the same way modern textbooks do.
We call this the Rashi rule of GRAMMAR

Although a major part of GRAMMAR deals
with the conjugation of verbs, there are other
parts of GRAMMAR. One important GRAMMAR SUBRULE
in the rule governing either
- how PARAGRAPHS are ORGANIZED in an essay or
- how SENTENCES are ORGANIZED in a paragraph
That is, why does one sentence or paragraph
come after another sentence or paragraph?

Rashi knew 4 methods of connecting consecutive
paragraphs or consecutive sentences
- CAUSE
- ENABLEMENT
- CONTRAST
- UNIFYING THEME

When Rashi applies this rule we call it the
Rashi subrule of CONSECUTIVE PARAGRAPHS.

EXAMPLE Gn42-10a in Gn42-09:13
------------------------------
The Biblical text states as follows
----------------------------------------------------
Gn42-09    1     JOE:      You are Spies
Gn42-10:11 1     BROHTERS: NO(Contrast)--We are simple people
Gn42-12    2     JOE:      NO(Contrast) you are spies
Gn42-13    2     BROTHERS: We are 12 sons;we came for food
----------------------------------------------------

Rashi states
----------------------------------------------
The single word sentence NO in Gn42-10:11 is
a response to Joeseph-s question: The brothers
are in effect saying
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In contrast to what you suggest (that we
are spies) we say NO--we are not spies)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
---------------------------------------------

Thus Rashi here uses the method of CONTRASTING
PARAGRAPHS. Note that Gn42-09:13 gives two
rounds of dialog between Joseph and his brothers.

Perhaps Rashi was eliminating any confusion which
could come from the fact that the word NO in
Gn42-10a means NO WE ARE NOT SPYS, while by contrast,
the word NO in the very next verse, Gn42-11, spoken
by Joseph means the opposite: NO, YOU ARE SPIES.

LIST061b below presents other Rashis based on the
principle of CONTRASTING PARAGRAPHS.

A list of paragraphs     having a CONTRASTING connection

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10