Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 25 Number 14 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h25n14.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Apr 5 th, 2005 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
* USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)*1 * * IF IN A RUSH--ONLY read the SUCCINCT SUMMARY SECTION * IF you have more time--READ THE LISTS OF EXAMPLES * IF YOU HAVE LOTS OF TIME--read all footnotes * * (UN)SUBSCRIBE/CONTACTS: RJHendel@Juno.com | |||
HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv13-23b
RASHIS COVERED: Lv13-23b Lv13-39b Lv13-45a Lv13-45b Lv14-04f
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this the WORD MEANING method. Rashi had 10 vehicles to explain meaning. Today we examine three of them. EXAMPLE: NAMING BY APPEARANCE - WORM WOOL ----------------------------------------- All languages allow naming by appearance. For example the phrase ORANGE shirt names the color ORANGE by a fruit having that color. Similarly (Lv14-04f) WORM WOOL refers to wool died with worms blood that appears red. LIST810b presents other words named by appearance EXAMPLE: SYNONYMS--TEAR ----------------------- In the synonyms method Rashi seeks not to explain meaning but rather assumes the meaning is known and Rashi seeks to clarify the nuances between words with similar meaning. To understand Rashi on Lv13-45a we require the RADACK book of ROOTS: QR& and PRM both mean to TEAR - QR& refers to general tearing - PRM refers to tearing at the seams (RADACK) The root PRM is very rare occurring only 3 times in the Bible. LIST955z below presents lists of synonym pairs explained by Rashi. EXAMPLE: 2-4 Letter roots ------------------------- At times Rashi would identify the meaning of a 3 letter root by viewing the three letter root as composed of its two letter components and one letter. By analyzing the meaning of the two letter root and the remaining letter Rashi would arrive at the meaning of the 3 letter root. Rashi believed that for purposes of grammatical conjugation three letter roots were used while for purposes of meaning two letter roots are used. EXAMPLE: PR& = Pasture like --------------------------- The Hebrew root PR& refers to letting hair grow wild. It comes from the root R& which refers to pastures. Wild hair looks like a pasture. The initial PAY simply intensifies the meaning: HERE (Pay) is a PASTURE(R&) = WILD GROWTH. LIST910p below presents other roots with initial PAY EXAMPLE: BHQ = breakout ----------------------- The Hebrew root BQ means to SPLIT. The Hebrew letter HAY means THE and intensifies. The combination, BHQ means A GOOD EXAMPLE OF A SPLIT, that is, a BREAKOUT. It refers to a breakout of ordinary white looking flesh against a background of inflammations. LIST910q below presents roots with 2nd letter hey EXAMPLE: CRB = burn ------------------- The root CRB only occurs 2-3 times in the Bible. It refers to a BURN. It comes from the two letter root CRH which means TIGHT and refers to TIGHTNESS of skin accompanying a burn. The terminal letter BETH simply indicates the SOURCE or HOUSE (Beth) of the activity. So CRB, the BURN, is the SOURCE that HOUSES, TIGHTNESS LIST910r below presents roots with terminal Beth. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 2-4 LETTER ROOTS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST910p | |
List of roots with | Pay=Intense example of remaining root | |
---------------------- | ---------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST910q | |
List of roots with | Middle HEY=intense example | |
---------------------- | ---------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST910r | |
List of roots with | Terminal beth=SOURCE OF | |
---------------------- | ---------------------------------- | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | SYNONYMS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST955z | |
List of | Synonym pairs | |
---------------------- | ---------------------------------- | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 8 Methods of Naming | |
SEE BELOW | LIST810b | |
List of items | named by their FORM/APPEARANCE |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
List of roots with Middle HEY=intense example | |||||
ROOT | MEANS | PEY= | OTHER TWO LETTERS MEAN | HEBREW 2 LETTER | |
P-R& | wild | Xample | pasture like | R& *1 | |
P-AR | splndor | Xample | light | AR *2 | |
P-XM | coal | Xample | heat | XM *3 | |
P-GL | disgust | Xample | Dung | GLL *4 | |
P-RQ | unload | Xample | Empty | RQ *5 | |
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*1 WILD HAIR is EXEMPLIFIED by (WILD) PASTURE (Lv13-45b) *2 SPLENDOR is EXEMPLARY LIGHT *3 BURNING COAL is a good example of HEAT *4 DISGUST is EXEMPLIFIED by DUNG *5 UNLOADING is EXEMPLIFIED by EMPTYING |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
List of roots with Middle HEY=intense example | |||||
ROOT | MEANS | HEY= | OTHER TWO LETTERS MEAN | HEBREW 2 LETTER | |
BHQ | brkout | Xampl | to split | BQ*1 | |
ZHR | radiate | Xampl | spread | ZRH*2 | |
NHR | stream | Xampl | candle | NR*3 | |
--- | ----- | ----- | ---------------------- | ------------- | |
BHT | exprsiv | Xampl | Expressive | BTA*4 | |
DHM | silent | Xampl | silent | DM*4 | |
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*1 So a BREAKOUT of flesh among inflammations is an EXAMPLE of SPLITTING (of inflammation for healthy tissue) (Lv13-39b) *2 So RADIANCE is an EXAMPLE of SPREADING *3 So a STREAM (of light) is EXEMPLIFIED by CANDLE *4 In these examples the words with and without the HEY seem to have the same meaning. Note that - BTA refers to EXPRESSION of words - BHT refers to EXPRESSIVE marble |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
List of roots with Terminal beth=SOURCE OF | |||||
ROOT | MEANS | BETH= | FIRST TWO LETTERS MEAN | HEBREW 2 LETTER | |
cr-b | burn | SOURCE | Tightness | CRH*1 | |
ar-b | ambush | SOURCE | Pluck | ARH*2 | |
gr-b | scratch | SOURCE | Drag | GRR*3 | |
zr-b | melting | SOURCE | Spread | ZRH*4 | |
xr-b | sword | SOURCE | Hole | XRR*5 | |
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*1 Tightness of skin is a symptom of burns (Lv13-23b) *2 AMBUSH are SOURCE(BO) of PLUCKING *3 GR-B=scratching disease is SOURCE(BO) of DRAGGING *4 MELTING=SOURCE(BO) of water SPREADING(ZRH) *5 SWORD = SOURCE(BO) of HOLES(XR) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of items named by their FORM/APPEARANCE | |||
VERSE | TERM | Refers to ... | |
Ex25-23a | Table STATURE | Table HEIGHT *3 | |
Ex25-31d | MENORAH THIGH | Its Bottom(Rashi) | |
Ex40-22a | Temple THIGH | Temple SIDE | |
Ex40-22b | Temple THIGH | Temple SIDE | |
Lv01-11a | Altar THIGH | Altar SIDE | |
-------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | |
Ex27-03a | POT | GARBAGE PAIL | |
Ex25-31f | MENORAH BUD | Bud-like ornament | |
Ex25-31g | MENORAH FRUIT | Fruit-like ornament | |
Ex25-31h | MENORAH FLOWER | FLOWER-like ornament | |
Ex28-33a | POMEGRANATES | POMEGRANATE ORNAMENTS | |
Gn31-10b | HAIL-LIGHTNING | PATCHED and STREAKED*10 | |
-------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | |
Lv13-03b | CLOUD wound | WHITE wound | |
Ex25-04a | SKY thread | Thread dyed SKY BLUE | |
Ex25-04b | WORM Thread | Thread DYED RED | |
Lv14-04f | WORM wool | wool DYED RED | |
-------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | |
Lv13-55d | PIT wound | DEEP wound(Pechethet) | |
Lv13-18a | LOW wound | ABCESS | |
Ex39-01b | SKY | FLATTENED out*1 | |
Lv11-09b | Fish STUBBLE | Fish SCALES | |
Ex25-25a | Table CASING | SURROUNDS table legs | |
-------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | |
Nu31-50c | The ROUND | EARING JEWELRY | |
Ex28-32a | MOUTH-HEAD | NECK of a garment | |
Ex35-13a | FACE BREAD | Bread with 2 faces | |
Ex28-04d | CHECKERED | CHECKERED Garment | |
Lv11-03a | RIPPED | SPLIT hoofs | |
-------- | -------------- | ---------------------- | |
Gn49-26e | DESIRE ofWORLD | EXPANSES of world*4 | |
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*1 Rashi supplements this explanation by citing verses where RKA means to FLATTEN OUT(eg Isa42-05,P136-07, 2S22-43, Ez06-11,Ex39-03, Nu17-04, Jr10-09--in all these verses RKA means to flatten out/crush) *2 Perhaps the punchiest example is the following - PENTAGON - named by form - U.N. ----- named by function *3 - STATURE is an attribute of HUMANS - HEIGHT is an attribute of OBJECTS *4 Rashi makes the same point (Using Old French) at Gn49-26c | |||
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*10 Rashi does say -------------------------------------------- HAIL SHEEP means SHEEP WITH PATCHES; and there are no supporting verses in the Bible -------------------------------------------- It appears that Rashi is saying that this meaning cant be proven. But we did prove it using the principle of form. Rather what Rashi really means is that ------------------------------------- this translation cannot be proven using inference from USAGE IN OTHER VERSES ------------------------------------- Our point is that ------------------------------------- This translation can be proven using the principle of NAMING BY FORM ------------------------------------- So Rashi was NOT making a magnanimous statement that the meaning cant be proven...rather he was simply stating that it cant be proven by examining other verses---it however can be proven by using other rules such as naming by FORM/APPEARANCE. This is an important concept--there are 30-60 Rashi rules...often one rule doesnt work but other rules do work. Understand this. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of Synonym pairs LIST955z continues LIST955a | ||||
VERSE | WORD | BASIC IDEA | NUANCES | |
Lv13-45a | PRM | Tear | tear ON SEAM | |
- - - - | QR& | Tear | GENERAL tear | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Ex28-28c | XBR | Unite | Unite | |
- - - - | RKS | Unite | Unite by TIGHTENING*8 | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Nu17-21a | TWK | In | Centrally in *7 | |
- - - - | Beth | In | In | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Gn01-11a | D$A | FIELD | MEADOW*6 | |
- - - - | &SW | FIELD | GRASS*6 | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt28-68a | ANIH | BOAT | Both words mean boat *5 | |
- - - - | SFINH | BOAT | Both words mean boat *5 | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt18-03c | Z-R-A | HAND/THROW | ZRA=arm; ZRA=to scatter | |
-------- | Y-D-H | HAND/THROW | YD=hand; YDH=to throw | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt13-06a | S-R-H | FABRICATE | it is REMOVED from reality*4 | |
-------- | B-D-A | FABRICATE | it is ISOLATED from reality | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt05-17b | A-V-H | DESIRE*3 | desire in ONES HEART-FANTASIZ | |
Ex20-17 | X-M-D | DESIRE*3 | COVET-desire ACQUISITION | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt11-25c | P-X-D | FEAR | IMMEDIATE Fear-Good pimples*1 | |
Dt11-25d | M-R-H | FEAR | ANXIETY-LONG TERM Fear-vision | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt11-14c | I-R-H | RAIN*2 F | IRST rain-IMPREGNATES ground | |
Dt11-14d | MLK$ | RAIN*2 | FINAL rain-SOFTENS Ground | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
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*1 Also Rashi Dt11-25b. It seems reasonable that - P-Ch-D comes from Poh-Chad - SHARP and would refer to e.g. getting GOOSE PIMPLES (Sharpnesses in skin) from fear - MoRaH comes from Y-R-A = vision = LONG TERM apprehension over the future.*10 *2 - YOREH seems to comes from HRH to make pregnant. It would look at the rain as ENABLING the seeds to grow - MALKOSH seesm to come from LKSH - TO THE HARD(KSH) GRAIN and would refer to a final softening rain before the produce. See LIST910i *11 *3 It is hard to absolutely prove that - A-V-H means FANTASIZE vs - Ch-M-D means DESIRE ACQUISITION The verses show that - A-V-H is an act of the HEART while - Ch-M-D is focused on ACQUIRING OBJECTS See LIST955h for further details (Also see Rashi Gn27-15a Gn03-06c Gn03-06d) *4 On Dt19-16a Rashi gives an example of REMOVED/FABRICATED Testimony--when eg witnesses testify to a murder in NY and other witnesses come stating that the 1st witnesses were with them in Chicago at the time of witnessing--thus the murder testimony is totally removed from the real word *5 Undoubtedly there is probably a subtle difference between ANIH/SFINH but it is not possible to determine this from verses. An interesting statistical note is the following - SFINH occurs ONCE in the Bible - ANIH occurs 3 dozen times in the Bible - But in Biblical times the frequencies were reversed Hence, Rashi, in explaining the more frequently occurring ANIH was responding to the rarity of this word IN HIS TIME *6 - GRASS can refer to MANY or SINGULAR grass - MEADOW only refers to a WHOLE MEADOW of GRASS *7 TWK verses Beth (CENTRALLY IN vs IN) explains several Rashis: Nu17-21a Gn02-09b Ex24-1a Lv24-10c Gn01-06b Nu35-34a See LIST955j *8 Hence - Ex28-28c TIGHTEN the AYFOD garment - P031-21 Save me from GANGS(people TIGHTELY together) - Is40-04 God will smooth the TIGHT mountains (Rashi explains that TIGHT MOUNTAINS are mountains close together with deep georges between them)*12 | ||||
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*10 The reader need NOT believe the above etymologies For frequently Rashi explains synonyms without reference to etymologies and even without reference to verses. However some of the above etymologies seem reasonable and may enrich our appreciation of the synonyms. *11 Rashi gives another etymology from the Aramaic. However in this list we advocate the 2nd explanation of Rashi over the 1st. Furthermore in this particular case the 2nd explanation comes internally from Hebrew while the 1st Rashi explanation INFERS usage from Aramaic but does not EXPLAIN it. *12 Rashi translates RKS as UNITE. I have examined the verses and think the nuances of TIGHTEN-which is a particular form of tightening is more precise Rashi and my analysis apparently override the RADACK who translates (from context) RKS as meaning HIGH. Compare - RAISE the AYFOD (By tightening it) - Save me from HAUGHTY people - God will smooth the HIGH mountains |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
7 | 910p | Pay-Resh-Ayin=WILD HAIR=Good EXAMPLE(POH) of PASTURE FORM(R&) | |
7 | 910q | Beth-Hey-Kuph=BREAKOUT=White SPLITTING red inflammations | |
7 | 910r | Tzade-Resh-Beth=BURN=SOURCE OF(Beth) | |
7 | 955z | Kuph-Resh-Ayin=TEAR; Pay-Resh-Mem=TEAR ON SEAMS | |
7 | 810b | WORM WOOL= wool died WORM RED (Naming by APPEARANCE) | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Lv13-23b | WORD MEANINGS | PR&=wild;BHK=breakout;CRV=burn;.... | |
Lv13-39b | WORD MEANINGS | PR&=wild;BHK=breakout;CRV=burn;.... | |
Lv13-45a | WORD MEANINGS | PR&=wild;BHK=breakout;CRV=burn;.... | |
Lv13-45b | WORD MEANINGS | PR&=wild;BHK=breakout;CRV=burn;.... | |
Lv14-04f | WORD MEANINGS | PR&=wild;BHK=breakout;CRV=burn;.... | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#