Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 25 Number 20 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h25n20.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Apr 20 th, 2005 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
* --------------------------------------------------------- * H A P P Y P A S S O V E R H A P P Y P A S S O V E R * * CRUNCY TORAH TIDBITS--http://www.Rashiyomi.com/pa.htm * * Rashi-is-Simple resumes the week of May 2nd * --------------------------------------------------------- * USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)*1 * * IF IN A RUSH--ONLY read the SUCCINCT SUMMARY SECTION * IF you have more time--READ THE LISTS OF EXAMPLES * IF YOU HAVE LOTS OF TIME--read all footnotes * * (UN)SUBSCRIBE/CONTACTS: RJHendel@Juno.com | |||
HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv19-29a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv19-29a Lv21-01d
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is to describe STYLE. We have introduced the idea that The GENERAL-DETAIL style is a PARAGRAPH style; the GENERAL THEME is stated at the beginning and then it is DEVELOPED with DETAILS. According to the Rabbi Ishmael STYLE rules, the GENERAL THEME meaning is EXHAUSTED and COMPLETELY EXPLAINED by the DETAILS presented. EXAMPLE 1: Lv21-01d ------------------- The biblical text at Lv21-01d states ------------------------------------ GENERAL THEME: Speak to the PRIESTS DETAIL: The SONS of AARON ------------------------------------ Note the THEME-DETAIL structure. Hence the Rashi ------------------------------------------------ The laws mentioned in Lv21-01d only apply to the MALE PRIESTS (SONS of Priests) not to the female priests ------------------------------------------------ To clarify: The phrase SONS OF AARON by itself would NOT limit the law to the male priests since the phrase SONS OF PRIESTS could be interpreted broadly to include females. Rather, it is the GENERAL-DETAIL structure which limits the law to only the male priests. LIST490h below summarizes this argument EXAMPLE 2: Lv19-29a ------------------- The Biblical text at Lv19-29a states ------------------------------------------------ GENERAL THEME: Dont DESCECRATE your daughter DETAIL: towards PROSTITUTION ------------------------------------------------ Notice the THEME-DETAIL structure. Hence the Rashi -------------------------------------------------- The DESCECRATION mentioned in the verse refers to SEXUAL DESCECRATION, for example, letting people use your daughter sexually -------------------------------------------------- In passing I believe this THEME-DETAIL approach explains the Rambams position that - premarital sex is ALWAYS classified as prostitution and hence prohibited (Marriage-Chapter 1 Law 1) - EVEN if the couple is permanant - EVEN if the act happens once - EVEN if the act happens without money. This law appears strange (Why call a one-time fling PROSTITUTION; why call a couple living together PROSTITUTION). However I would argue that Rambam was not changing the meaning of PROSTITUTION but rather echoing the concerns of Lv19-29a which prohibit DESCECRATION TOWARDS PROSTITUTION--hence - ANY descecration-even one act - even not for money - even if they live together. LIST490g below summarizes this argument | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | STYLE | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | RESTRICTIVE | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #24 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST490g | |
GENERAL-DETAIL form of | Lv19-29a-No DESCECRATE towards HARLOTRY | |
---------------------- | ------------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST490h | |
GENERAL-DETAIL form of | Lv21-01d-speak to PRIESTS-SONS AARON |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
GENERAL-DETAIL form of Lv19-29a-No DESCECRATE towards HARLOTRY | |||
GENERAL-DETAIL | TEXT OF VERSE | INFERENCE | |
GENERAL THEME | Dont DESCECRATE your daughter | Any descecration | |
DETAIL: | towards PROSTITUTION*10 | sexual descecration | |
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*10 In passing I believe this THEME-DETAIL approach explains the Rambams position that - premarital sex is ALWAYS classified as prostitution and hence prohibited (Marriage-Chapter 1 Law 1) - EVEN if the couple is permanant - EVEN if the act happens once - EVEN if the act happens without money. This law appears strange (Why call a one-time fling PROSTITUTION; why call a couple living together PROSTITUTION). However I would argue that Rambam was not changing the meaning of PROSTITUTION but rather echoing the concerns of Lv19-29a which prohibit DESCECRATION TOWARDS PROSTITUTION--hence - ANY descecration-even one act - even not for money - even if they live together. In other words: Rambam interprets Dt23-18-dont prostitute, in light of the THEME-DETAIL structure of Lv19-29a which besides prohibiting prostitution ALSO prohibits - DESCECRATION (implying ANY descecration) - TOWARDS prostitution (including eg the no-money case, the one-time case and the living together case). |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
GENERAL-DETAIL form of Lv21-01d-speak to PRIESTS-SONS AARON | |||
THEME-DETAIL | Text of verse | INFERENCE | |
GENERAL THEME | Speak to the PRIESTS | Laws apply to Any priest | |
DETAIL | The SONS of AARON | Only to MALE priests*1 | |
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*1 To clarify: The phrase SONS OF AARON by itself would NOT limit the law to the male priests since the phrase SONS OF PRIESTS could be interpreted broadly to include females. Rather, it is the GENERAL-DETAIL structure which limits the law to only the male priests. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv19-25a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv19-30a Lv19-26a Lv19-25a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINT SUMMARY: ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main goals is the explanation of grammar similar to the explanations we find in modern textbooks. We call this the Rashi rule of GRAMMAR. In todays posting we deal with the grammatical rules governing DEVELOPMENT in paragraphs and chapters: Given a paragraph or chapter THEME, what types of sentences can exist in that paragraph or chapter and what are their relations to the central theme? We call this the rashi subrule of CONSECUTIVE PARAGRAPHS. Rashi knew 4 means of relating consecutive sentences or consecutive paragraphs in a paragraph or chapter: - CAUSE - CONTRAST - ENABLEMENT - UNIFYING THEME. Today we study the CONTRAST and UNIFYING THEME submethods. EXAMPLE Lv19-30a ---------------- The Biblical text states ------------------------------------------------------ - Observe my Sabbaths - [even when you] revere [building of] the Temple ------------------------------------------------------ Rashis comments are bracketed above ------------------------------------------------------ The verse clauses are contrastive: - EVEN though you revere the temple and want to build it - NEVERTHELESS you must ALWAYS observe the Sabbath Hence the law: The building of the temple does not override the observance of the Sabbath. ------------------------------------------------------ LIST061b below presents several Rashis exhibiting contrast between verses. Example Lv19-23:32 ------------------ A powerful paragraph method is to have ONE THEME unifying many disparate examples. In such a case the UNIFYING THEME sheds light and justifies reinterpretation or modification of the examples. Such an approach is in fact one of the Rabbi Ishmael rules: INFERRENCE FROM CONTEXT. We illustrate this method with the paragraph Lv19-23:32. The unifying theme is the folowing --------------------- THEME -------------------------- ABSTENTION can paradoxically INCREASE YIELD/PRODUCTIVITY ------------------------------------------------------ Let us examine the 7 examples illustrating this Theme -------------------- EXAMPLES ---------------------------- -1- Abstain 4 years from new fruit--increase fruit yield -2- Abstain from blood=life source--increase nutrition -3- Abstain from divining -- increase prediction -4- Separate animal/human -- increase animality/human -5- Abstain from early sex-- increase sexual awarenss -6- Abstain from Sabbath work -- incresae productivity -7- Abstain from seancing -- Increase knowledge ---------------------------------------------------------- Hence the Rashis: Lv19-26a The verse DONT EAT ON THE BLOOD means DONT EAT while the animal is not completely dead (its BloOd flows) Lv19-25a (Rashi) read the Biblical text with the following bulleted structure --------------------------------------------------------- -the first 3 years fruit [of new trees] is prohibited -On the 4th year the fruit is Holy,dedicated to God -On the fifth year you may eat the fruit ---[The above law is] in order to increase fruit yield --------------------------------------------------------- Again the theme: Abstention increases productivity | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMAR | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | CONSECUTIVE CHAPTERS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST061b | |
A list of paragraphs | having a CONTRASTING connection | |
------------------------ | ------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST060a | |
List of verses of c | onsecutive paragraphs with same theme |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses of consecutive paragraphs with same theme | ||||
VERSE | COMMON THEME | 1st Chapter | 2nd Chapter | |
Lv19-25a | Abstain->incrse | No fruit 4 year | More fruit 5th*2 | |
Lv19-26a | Abstain->incrse | No eat living | more nutrition*2 | |
Gn22-23a | Isaac-Rivkah | Akaydah | Rivkah-born*1 | |
Ex18-01a | Gods miracles | Exodus | Defeat of Amalek | |
Nu13-02a | Slander | Miryam on Moses | Spies on Israel | |
Nu26-64a | Entry to Israel | Census | Girl inheritance | |
Nu27-12a | Entry to Israel | Girl inheritance | Joshua and Moes | |
Nu15-41d | Important Laws | Idolatry | Sabbath | |
Dt33-07a | Repentance | Reuven | Judah | |
Nu08-02a | Temple gifts | Gold vessels | Service | |
Ex17-08a | God cares for us | Water-Manna | Defeat of Amalek | |
Ex21-01a | A Just life | The Altar | Monetary Law | |
Nu20-01b | Atonement | Red Heiffer | Miryam's death | |
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*1 Actual there are 3 paragraphs as follows - Gn22-01:19 Akaydah - Gn22-20:24 Birth of Rivkah - Gn23-01:-- Death of Sarah Rashi points out that the TOPIC SENTENCE of Gn22-20:24 is the birth of Rivkah. Rashi also points out that the 3 paragraphs form a TEMPORAL SEQUENCE For further details see LIST690B *2 The paragraph contains 7 examples illustrating the theme ABSTENTION INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY -------------------- EXAMPLES ---------------------------- -1- Abstain 4 years from new fruit--increase fruit yield -2- Abstain from blood=life source--increase nutrition -3- Abstain from divining -- increase prediction -4- Separate animal/human -- increase animality/human -5- Abstain from early sex-- increase sexual awarenss -6- Abstain from Sabbath work -- incresae productivity -7- Abstain from seancing -- Increase knowledge ---------------------------------------------------------- |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
A list of paragraphs having a CONTRASTING connection | ||||
# | VERSE | TOPIC IN 1st CHAPTER | TOPIC IN 2nd CHAPTER | |
(--) | Lv19-30a | Observe SABBATH | [Even when]BUILDING TEMPLE | |
(--) | Ex18-05a | Jethro comes to DESERT | comes to Mount of GOD | |
(--) | Ex04-11a | Moses cant speak | Moses did speak-Ex02-11:14 | |
(--) | Ex04-11b | Moses afraid of Pharoh | God protected Mshe-Ex02-15 | |
(--) | Gn47-25a*8 | 20% Tax:80% Yours | Thank you...Good deal | |
(--) | Gn42-10a | JOE: You are spies | BROTHERS:NO-we are not.*7 | |
(09) | Lv26-01a | Being a slave to Non Jew | Prohibition of Idolatry*1 | |
(10) | Dt29-12a | Curses | We are before God*2 | |
(11) | Lv19-03c | Fear Parents | Watch Sabbaths*3 | |
(12) | Dt22-12a | No Shaatnez | Tzitzith*4 | |
(--) | Dt09, Dt10 | Jews rebel against God | But God still loves Jews*5 | |
(--) | Gn31-13d | I will go GENTLY | You will PASS ME*6 | |
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*1 Rashi not only connects 2 paragraphs. He also connects all Biblical paragraphs in this chapter. See footnote *10 for further details *2 Dt28 gives a long list of curses if the Jews violate the commandments. Dt29-12 says "You are all STANDING before God today" In other words despite the curses for disobediance you are still here before God(The implication being that no matter how angry God gets he will not destroy you) A further support for this theme can come from the General-particular-General form Dt28 GENERAL: Curses for disobediance Dt29-12 PARTICULAR: You are standing here before God Dt29-19 GENERAL: Curses for disobediance Thus the General-Particular-General form shows that Gods curses still allow us to "Stand before him"--in other words they are educative curses not punitive. *3 In other words (always) "Observe the Sabbaths" DESPITE a request to the contrary "By your parents" This can happen if eg your parents ask you to desecrate the Sabbath. You must observe the Sabbath even if your parents request to the contrary. And this can be generalized to all Torah laws(that they take precedence over your parents request) *4 Wear Tzitzith DESPITE the fact that they may have Shaatnez Wool and linen together (In the priestly garments made of Linen the Tzitzith were made of wool--thus the commandment of Tzitzith OVERRIDES the prohibtion of wearing wool and linen) *5 More specifically Rashi (Dt10-12a) states --------------------------------------------- Despite the 5 rebellions that the Jews did against God, nevertheless, God still loves the Jews. In fact Dt10-12 states that all the Jews need do to earn this love is to revere God --------------------------------------------- *6 Rashis point is that Jacob did not ask Esauv ---------------------------- Past me and leave me behind ---------------------------- Rather Jacob suggested contrast ------------------------------------------------ - I must go at a gentle pace - you go at a normal pace ------------------------------------------------ A logical consequence of this contrast is that Esauv would pass Jacob and leave him behind. *7 The full Biblical text shows two rounds of dialogs between Moses and Joseph The Biblical text states as follows ---------------------------------------------------- Gn42-09 1 JOE: You are Spies Gn42-10:11 1 BROHTERS: NO(Contrast)--We are simple people Gn42-12 2 JOE: NO(Contrast) you are spies Gn42-13 2 BROTHERS: We are 12 sons;we came for food ---------------------------------------------------- *8 Gn47-25b and Gn47-25a both deal with the contrast of offer vs Thank you. | ||||
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*10 On a superficial level Rashi seems to be connecting 2 verses. Avoid idolatry DESPITE your being a slave to a non jew (who encourages its violation). Do not think "I will worship idols now and when I am free I will go back to believing in God" On a profound level Rashi sees a unifying theme to this whole chapter. The chapter encourages observing the shimitah laws which encourage abstaining from agriculture once every 7 years so that people can devote themselves to God and study. If one violates these laws he is progressively punished. Here is the sequence of punishments {LIST} {Paragraphs in BEHAR} ------------------------------------------------------- VERSE LAW ------------ ------------------------------------------ Lv25-01:12 Observe the 7 and 50 year Land sabbaticals Lv25-13:24 If not you will have to sell your MOVABLES Lv25-25:28 If not you will have to sell your LAND Lv25-29:34 If not you will have to sell your HOUSE Lv25-35:38 If not you will have to LOAN Lv25-39:46 If not you will have to become a SLAVE Lv25-47:54 If not you'll become a NONJEWISH SLAVE Lv26-01:03 If not you'll be tempted to IDOLATRY --------------------------------------------------------- Thus Rashi does not merely teach juxtaposition of verses but he also teaches juxtaposition of ALL paragraphs in the chapter. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv19-31b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently made inferences based on the Biblical STYLE. We call this Rashi Rule the RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE rule. A powerful style rule was the painting of a verse in a CLIMACTIC DEVELOPMENT manner. We call this the RASHI SUBRULE of CLIMAX EXAMPLE 1: Lv19-31b ------------------- The Biblical text at Lv19-31b states --------------------------------- - Don-t TURN to seance ventriloquists - Don-t SEEK to be defiled by them --------------------------------- Rashi interprets this using the principle of CLIMAX -------------------------------------------------- -1- Don-t ASK ADVICE from seance ventriloquists -2- Don-t even LEARN their ways -------------------------------------------------- LIST450x summarizes this climactic structure | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | CLIMAX | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #25 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST450x | |
Climactic structure of | Lv19-31b--Don-t DO or LEARN seancing |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Climactic structure of Lv19-31b--Don-t DO or LEARN seancing | |||
Clause | CLIMAX | Text of Verse with climactic structure CAPPED | |
-1- | ACTION | Don-t ASK ADVICE from seance ventriloquists | |
-2- | LEARNING | Don-t even LEARN their ways |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
9 | 061b | Although you REVERE building temple,OBSERVE Sabbath(no building) | |
9 | 060a | ABSTENTION INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY:No fruit 4 yr;more fruit in5th | |
9 | 060a | ABSTENTION INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY:Dont eat living;more nutrition | |
25 | 450x | CLIMACTIC STRUCTURE:Dont ACT by seances;Dont LEARN their ways | |
24 | 490g | Don-t DESCECRATE daughter TOWARDS PROSTITUTION-no premarital sex | |
24 | 490h | Speak to PRIESTS, SONS of Aaron--laws only applies to MALES | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Lv19-25a | GRAMMARr | ABSTENTION increases PRODUCTIVITY | |
Lv19-26a | GRAMMARr | ABSTENTION increases PRODUCTIVITY | |
Lv19-30a | GRAMMARr | ABSTENTION increases PRODUCTIVITY | |
Lv19-29a | STYLE | Speak to PRIESTS-SONS of Aaron=MALES | |
Lv21-01d | STYLE | Speak to PRIESTS-SONS of Aaron=MALES | |
Lv19-31b | CLIMAX | Don-t ACT on seances;Don-t LEARN | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#