Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 25 Number 8 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h25n8.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Mar 12 th, 2005 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
* USE FIXED WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)*1 * * IF IN A RUSH--ONLY read the SUCCINCT SUMMARY SECTION * IF you have more time--READ THE LISTS OF EXAMPLES * IF YOU HAVE LOTS OF TIME--read all footnotes * * (UN)SUBSCRIBE/CONTACTS: RJHendel@Juno.com | |||
HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
|
|||
*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv05-02a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv05-02a Lv05-04e Lv05-15b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Todays Rashi is best understood with 3 Rashi methods. The BULLET method seeks to make textual inferences from paragraph and bullet structure. The OTHER VERSE method seeks to make inferences from other verses. When these other verses provide further details we call this the OTHER VERSE / FURTHER DETAIL method. The REPETITION method seeks to make inferences from words in verses which are repeated. When the inference is a broad interpretation of the word we call this the REPETITION method & BROAD submethod. Let us now apply these three rules to Lv05. EXAMPLE: Bulleted text of Lv05 ------------------------------------ The chapter Lv05 discusses 6 situations in which a person is obligated to bring either a GUILT offering a SUBSTITUTE GUILT offering. By listing the headings of each of these 6 situations we are able to more clearly identify what they are. The six situations that obligate bringing the GUILT sacrifice are as follows ---------------------------------------------------------- A: Lv05-01 A person who Doesnt give testimony B: Lv05-02 Is ritually impure, forgot, & incurs guilt C: Lv05-04 Swears personal oath, forgot, & incurs guilt D: Lv05-15 Sanctuary trespass: accidentally sins from holy objects (Must pay back principle and fifth) E: Lv05-17 Sins,violates a dont,is unaware & incurs guilt F: Lv05-20 Trespasses: Denies(oath) monetary obligation & incurs guilt ---------------------------------------------------------- Several Rashis paraphrased --------------------------------------------------------- Cases (A),(F),(C) deals with oaths and testimony: - Case (A) deals with a refusal to testify. - Case (F) deals with a false testimony under oath - Case (C) deals with false personal oath Notice how case (B) Lv05-02 deals with someone who is ritually IMPURE, FORGOT and INCURS GUILT. But the verse does not state HOW they incurred guilt. We therefore need the assistance of the OTHER VERSE method. There are two other verses which speak about IMPURE PEOPLE who do something and incur guilt. - Lv07-20 speaks about an impure person WHO EATS sacrificial food(such as PEACE offerings);(s)he are punished with CUT OFF - This prohibition of eating temple food while impure is also echoed in Lv22-02:07. - Nu19-20 speaks about an impure person who does not purify & is CUT OFF when he defiles (enters) the temple Hence the Rashi: Lv05-02 speaks about an impure person who forgot and a) ate sacrificial foods b) entered the temple. This completes our discussion of CASE (B). Case (D) deals with ACCIDENTAL TRESPASS AGAINST THE TEMPLE & INCURRING GUILT with a requirement of paying PRINCIPLE + ONE FIFTH--but we dont know the action which was responsible for the guilt. Again we need the OTHER VERSE method. Lv22-10 and Lv22-14 states - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Non-priests shall not eat priestly Terumah When a person eats holy objects accidentally he pays principle and fifth back to priest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hence, case (D) could refer to EATING from Holy objects We now apply the REPETITION METHOD: Lv05-15b literally says: WHEN A SOUL TRESPASSES TRESPASSES The repeated word TRESPASSING encourages a broad generalization---not only is EATING HOLY objects referred to but ANY TYPE OF BENEFIT from holy objects. We therefore generalize EATING to all types of BENEFITTING. As a simple example the Rambam in his great code illustrates this generalization with SHEARING WOOL from an animal dedicated to the temple. Here the RAMBAM uses the OTHER VERSE method: - Dt15-19 mentions the prohibition of SHARING or working with TEMPLE animals. Hence a person who accidentally forgot this would have to repay the temple the monetary amount benefitted + 1/5. Several lists below summarize the methods involved. LIST107f below summarizes the bulleted list. LIST150a presents BROAD interpretations of REPEATED Words LIST210y presents several examples of OTHER VERSES. Interestingly: Rambam (Errors 10:5) lists the identifcation of IMPURE & INCURS GUILT in Lv05-02 with IMPURE & ENTERS TEMPLE OR EATS SACRIFICES as an example of an inference that is NOT explicit in the Torah but learned by exegetical inference from OTHER VERSES | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | BULLET/PARAGRAPHS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #26 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST107f | |
BULLETED structure of | Lv05 (6 situations for GUILT sac) | |
----------------------- | ---------------------------------- | |
RASHI RULE CLASS | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | FURTHER DETAILS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #1 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST210y | |
List of verses pairs | with one verse illuminating another | |
----------------------- | ---------------------------------- | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | REPETITION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | BROAD | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #20 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST150a | |
List of verses with | REPEATED words*1 interpreted broadly | |
|
||
*1 The Talmud at Baba Metziah 32b gives about a dozen examples of repeated words (that are verbs) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with REPEATED words*1 interpreted broadly | |||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | EMPHASIS...DO IT... | |
Lv05-15b | TRESPASS TRESPASS tmpl | Not only eating;any benefit*2 | |
Dt13-16a | HIT HIT by sword | EVEN by Fire | |
Dt15-08b | GIVE GIVE charity | EVEN by loaning | |
Dt16-20a | PURSUE PURSUE Justice | EVEN for mistaken aquitals | |
Ex12-09c | COOK COOK in water | EVEN in other liquids | |
Lv20-02b | EXECUTE EXECUTE | EVEN by the masses*1 | |
|
|||
*1 Supported by Dt17-06:07 which states -------------------------------------- ..first the witnesses execute...then the people execute -------------------------------------- *2 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lv05-02a.htm for a full discussion of the three Rashi methods connected with this verse. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
BULLETED structure of Lv05 (6 situations for GUILT sac) | |||||
CASE | VERSE | SITUATION DISCUSSED | REFERENCE | ADDED | |
A: | Lv05-01 | Doesnt give testimony | |||
F: | Lv05-20 | Swears/denies monetary obligation | |||
C: | Lv05-04e | Swears falsely on personal matter | |||
--- | ------- | -------------------------------- | ---------- | ---- | |
D: | Lv05-15b | Sins on holy objects;pay 1+1/5*1 | Lv22-10-14 | eats | |
B: | Lv05-02a | Sin on Temple while impure*2 | Lv07-20*1 | eats | |
--- | ------- | -------------------------------- | ---------- | ---- | |
E: | Lv05-17a | Doubt on serious violation | Lv04-01*2 | doubt | |
|
|||||
*1 We use here the technique of OTHER VERSES and DOUBLED WORDS See posting http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lv05-02b.htm for a detailed discussion with citations of the OTHER VERSES and REPEATED words which give rise to the inferences mentioned in this list *2 See http://www.rashiyomi.com/lv05-09a.htm for a comparison and alignment of Lv04-01 vs Lv05-17a.From this alignment we infer that Lv04-01 refers to SINNING INADVERTENTLY while Lv05-17a refers to POSSIBLY SINNING INADVERTENTLY (you arent sure, but it is possible, that you sinned inadvertently) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses pairs with one verse illuminating another LIST210y CONTINUES LIST210a LIST210z | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | OTHER VRSE | DETAILS | |
Lv05-02a | IMPURE & INCURS GUILT | Lv07-20 | IMPURE & EATS HOLIES | |
Lv05-02a | IMPURE & INCURS GUILT | Nu19-20 | IMPURE & EATS HOLIES | |
Lv05-02a | IMPURE & INCURS GUILT | Lv22-02:07 | IMPURE & EATS | |
------- | ----------------- | -------- | ---------------- | |
Lv05-15b | TRESPASS TEMPLE:Pay 1.2 | Lv22-10:14 | Impure eats Terurmah | |
Lv05-15b | Any Temple Trespass | Dt15-19 | Dont shear wool holy | |
Lv05-15b | Any Temple trespass | Dt15-19 | Dont work holy animl | |
------- | ----------------- | -------- | ---------------- | |
Lv02-14b | Bring FIRST SPRING FRUIT | Ex09-31 | BARLEY*8 | |
Ex32-05b | Aaron built ALTAR | Ex32-02 | Yank wife jewelery*7 | |
Ex32-05c | Holiday to God TOMORROW | Ex32-02 | Yank wife jewelery*7 | |
Ex32-05d | Holiday to GOD | Ex32-02 | Yank wife jewelery*7 | |
Ex18-19c | Bring WORDS OF LAW to Gd | Ex18-16 | peoples LAWSUITS *6 | |
Gn45-24a | Dont get ANGRY ON ROAD*5 | Gn42-21:22 | Fight who did me in | |
Gn45-18a | I-ll give BEST OF LAND | Gn47-11 | BEST OF LAND=Ramsyth | |
Gn35-22b | Reuven slept with Bilhah | Gn49-04*4 | play with Dads beds | |
Gn26-29a | We didnt HARM you | Gn26-16 | we ASKED you to go*1 | |
Gn26-33a | City of SHEVA named for | Gn21-30:31 | OATH=SheVuAh*2 | |
Gn27-27b | FRAGRANT BLESSED FIELD | Lv23-40 | ETHROG=SPLENDOR*3 | |
Gn33-18a | Jacob came WHOLE to city | Gn32-32 | Jacob LIMPED*11 | |
Dt27-12a | Blessings ON Mountain | Jo08-30:35 | ...FACING MOUNTAIN | |
|
||||
*1 We ASKED you to go but didnt HARASS you till you went *2 The point being that the city wasnt named for the symbolic use of SEVEN (SHIVAH) lambs to seal the treaty(BUt rather the SEVEN lambs symbolically affirm the OATH=SHEVA for which the city was named) *3 Gn27-27b refers to a BLESSED FRAGRANT FIELD while Lv23-40 refers to a TREE OF SPLENDOR.*10 *4 Reuven did not actually sleep with Bilhah. Rather his fathers favorite bedware was kept on Bilhah's bed since Bilhah, Rachels concubine, reminded him of her after Rachels death. Reuven felt that his father should be living with Leah, since Leah was a bonafide wife. Reuven felt it insulting that Jacob preferred a concubine vs a real wife. Hence he switched the bedware from Bilhahs bed to Leahs bed in order to talk his father out of his behavior For our translation of Gn49-04 see footnote *12 *5 Gn45-05 also supports this. *6 Rashis real point is to avoid confusion The phrase WORDS OF LAW usually refers to Gods words of law, the Torah. However in Ex18-19c and Ex18-16 it refers to the LAWSUITS of the people. *7 In LIST901i we have shown that the root Pay-Resh-Kuph means - UNLOAD (in active mode) - YANK OFF (in intense mode - SLIP OFF (in intensive mode) Since the verse is translated as ------------------------------------------ Aaron asked them to YANK the Jewelery off their wives ------------------------------------------ Rashi comes to the conclusion that Aaron was interested in a fight (YANK off wives) and was stalling for time. Rashi learns this from the word YANK. This OTHER VERSE motivates Rashi to reinterpret several verses as also indicating stalling tactics. More specifically Rashi explains the following as stalling tactics - Aaron built an altar---RASHI: To stall for time - Aaron said: A holiday TOMORROW--RASHI: To stall for time - Aaron said: A holiday to GOD--RASHI: He was hoping Moses would return and they would have a real holiday to God. *8 It was Malbim's genious to bring an extra OTHER VERSE - Ex09-31 shows BARLEY ripens first in EARLY SPRING - Ex34-22 shows WHEAT ripens in LATE Spring. Malbim/Rashi applies this distinction to Lv23 - Lv23-10 describes the FIRST BARLEY brought on Passover - Lv23-17 describes the FIRST WHEAT brought on Pentecost --------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES --------------------- *10 Rashi uses the languages ------------------------------- this refers to an APPLE orchard ------------------------------- But apple orchards are not known for their fragrance. Rather the reference is probably to an -------------- ETHROG orchard -------------- which has a characteristic hypnotic fragrance. The Hebrew word for ETHROG is GOLDEN APPLE.(The beauty of fragrance of an ETHROG ORCHARD was mentioned by the Rav, Rabbi Soloveitchick). *11 Rashi citing the Talmud states ------------------------------------------------------- Jacob came whole - from LIMP - from Monetary gifts to Esauv(Jacob had all his money) - with all his learning ------------------------------------------------------- But there 3 items all emanate from Gn32-32 where we are told that Jacob fought with an angel and won. Since he won - he did not lose money - he did not lose his Jewishness *12 Gn49-04 is translated by us as ------------------------------------- you played with your fathers beds ------------------------------------- Note the PLURAL BEDS vs BED...this shows that two BEDS (not the one bed of BILHAH) was involved We translate the Hebrew root &LH (to go up) as &LL (To play with). - THere are no other cases where &LH means &LL - but interchanges of 1-2-Hey and 1-2-2 roots does frequently occur in the Bible - Finally the verse wouldnt make sense if &LH was translated as GO UP since the phrase ------------------------- Go Up on your fathers bed ------------------------- couldnt refer to intimacy since intimacy is always referred to as GOING DOWN instead of GOING UP. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv05-03a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv05-03a Lv05-03b Lv05-03c Lv05-03d
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 5 main goals is to indicate paragraph structure. One method of paragraph structure is to use the THEME-DETAIL-THEME style. According to the THEME-DETAIL-THEME method, the DETAIL is perceived as a DEVELOPMENT of the general paragraph theme and is interpreted in that manner. We call this the Rashi method of RABBI ISHMAEL STYLE with the Rashi submethod of GENERAL-DETAIL-GENERAL. EXAMPLE Lv05-02:03 --------------------------- The Biblical text at Lv05-02:03 has the following content/structure ------------------------------------------------------ GENERAL: A person impure from touching an impurity DETAIL: --------------- from IMPURE BEAST DETAIL: --------------- from IMPURE ANIMAL DETAIL: --------------- from IMPURE RODENT DETAIL: --------------- from IMPURE MAN GENERAL: for ANY IMPURITY THAT HE BECOME IMPURE ------------------------------------------------------ Rashi and Rambam paraphrased state as follows ------------------------------------------------------ The THEME-DETAIL-THEME method indicates that the law is speaking about any IMPURITY similar to the development details. Hence this Biblical paragraph includes for example those who have intercourse with menstruants (not explicitly mentioned) or person who consumed an unclean bird. The Rambam notes that the law applies to all items that require immersion for purity(Temple entrance-3:14) ------------------------------------------------------ | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | STYLE | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | GENERAL-DETAIL-GENERAL | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #25 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST460r | |
List of clauses in | Lv05-02:03 (IMPURE-animal-man-IMPURE) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of clauses in Lv05-02:03 (IMPURE-animal-man-IMPURE) | |||
ITEM | TEXT OF GENERAL THEME | TEXT OF DETAILS | |
GENERAL | A person impure from an impurity | ||
DETAIL | --------------- | from IMPURE BEAST | |
DETAIL | --------------- | from IMPURE ANIMAL | |
DETAIL | --------------- | from IMPURE RODENT | |
DETAIL | --------------- | from IMPURE MAN | |
GENERAL | from any impurifying impurity | ||
|
|||
*1 Rashi and Rambam explain ------------------------------------------------------ The THEME-DETAIL-THEME method indicates that the law is speaking about any IMPURITY similar to the development details. Hence this Biblical paragraph includes for example those who have intercourse with menstruants (not explicitly mentioned) or a person who consumed an unclean bird. The Rambam notes that the law applies to all items that require immersion for purity(Temple entrance-3:14)*10 ------------------------------------------------------ | |||
|
|||
*10 It is interesting to compare our approach with the approach of the great 19th century commentator Malbim ---------------------------------------------------- The verse states - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - To any impurity which he IMPURIFIES himself IN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Malbim makes two points - the use of the verb IMPURIFY connotes ACTION on the part of the person and hence would also include a person who sleeps (ACTION) with a menstruant (in contrast to say a person on whom fell (CONTACT but INACTION) a dead animal - the use of the preposition IN--IMPURE IN vs IMPURE FROM-- always, in the Bible (and Malbim brings examples)--connotes EATING NON KOSHER items (vs touching impure items). Hence this would include the case of a person who consumes an impure bird. ---------------------------------------------------- In other words, Malbim makes DETAILED inferences from word distinctions in the verse. Our approach by contrast has been to make inferences from the STYLE of the verse-- the THEME-DETAIL-THEME style includes ALL SOURCES of IMPURITY and there is no need for special words to identify particular cases. This difference in approach--STYLE vs WORD INFERENCES-- is one of the major contributions of this email list. Needless to say: Malbim does indicate SUPPORTIVE arguments in the individual words for the generalizations we have made from STYLE and this has interest in its own right |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
26 | 107f | Lv05 lists 6 situations where one is liable to GUILT OFFERING | |
1 | 210y | Lv05-02-impure and incurs guilt=Lv07-20-impure & EATS SACS | |
1 | 210y | Lv05-02-impure and incures guilt=Nu19-20-impure & ENTERS TEMPLE | |
1 | 210y | Lv05-15b-TRESPASS TEMPLE-PAY 1+1/5=Lv22-10:14-impure& eat Trumh | |
20 | 150a | TRESPASS TRESPASS temple-not only by eating;ANY BENEFIT | |
25 | 460r | IMPURE-from animal,man,rodent-IMPURE=impure & requiring immrsion | |
|
|||
| |||
|
|||
*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
| |||
VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Lv05-02a | BULLET | 6 Categories of guilt offering (Lv05) | |
Lv05-04e | BULLET | 6 Categories of guilt offering (Lv05) | |
Lv05-15b | BULLET | 6 Categories of guilt offering (Lv05) | |
Lv05-03a | BULLET | Impurity from death/issue/act/consume | |
Lv05-03b | BULLET | Impurity from death/issue/act/consume | |
Lv05-03c | BULLET | Impurity from death/issue/act/consume | |
Lv05-03d | BULLET | Impurity from death/issue/act/consume | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#