Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 26 Number 1 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h26n1.htm ----------------------------------- Produced May 18 th, 2005 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
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VERSE: Lv25-41c
RASHIS COVERED: Lv25-41c Lv25-41b Gn26-26b Gn47-27b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashi's 10 major methods is to explain MEANING the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this Rashi METHOD of MEANING. Rashi had 10 sub-methods by which to explain MEANING. When Rashi shows a UNIFYING MEANING to the disparate meanings of a single Hebrew root we say that Rashi is using the UNIFIED MEANING sub-method EXAMPLE Root A-Ch-Z, (AXZ) means ... ---------------------------------- GRIP refers to the physical act of GRIPPING. Hence it also refers to anything PERMANANT. It can mean a) to Grip (e.g. Grab the grain) b) medical condition (e.g. gripped by pain) c) a group of friends (that grip one another in friendship) They stay PERMANANTLY together in all circumstances d) overlay of utensil or house (e.g. Gripped by cedars) It is a PERMANANT overlay d) a portion or INHERITANCE of land-land you have PERMANANTLY f) One's REPUTATION and HONOR--the things people say about you that are PERMANANT and intrinsic to you | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | UNIFIED MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST862q | |
List of meanings of root | A-Ch-Z (AXZ) = to grip |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of meanings of root A-Ch-Z (AXZ) = to grip | |||
MEANING | VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE WITH grip CAPITALIZED | |
Grab | Ru03-16 | GRAB the grain | |
Gripped | Ecc9-12 | As fished GRIPPED by a net*1 | |
-------------- | ----- | ------------------------------- | |
Medical Condition | Isa13-08 | GRIPPED by labor pains*10 | |
Overlay | 1K06-10 | House was OVERLAYED with CEDARS*3 *10 | |
Group of friends | Gn26-26b | He came with a GROUP of friends*4 *10 | |
Settle land | Gn47-27b | They SETTLED in that piece of land*1*1 | |
Reputation/honor | Lv25-41b | he returns to his former REPUTATION*10 | |
Reputation/honor | Lv25-41b | he returns to his former REPUTATION*10 | |
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*1 These verbs are in the passive mode See Nu32-30 for a similar usage *3 Also see Es01-06 (Overlayed utensils) *4 Also see Gn26-26b. Rashi points out an additional grammatical point ---------------------------------------------------- The terminal Tauv on a word need not indicate a construct state ---------------------------------------------------- We have discussed this elsewhere and will not repeat it here. For a reference see http://www.Rashiyomi.com/gn01-01b.htm for examples We will discuss this in future issues | |||
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*10 Because it is hard to leave a GRIP, the word GRIP, in both English and Hebrew can connote PERMANANCE Several meanings in this list connote those - assets - or attributes that stay with a person for a long time - Something that he cannot get out of easily. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv25-26c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashi's 10 major methods is the study of FORMATTING effects that indicate emphasis. We call this the Rashi method of FORMATTING. Modern authors have a variety of methods to indicate FORMATTING such as a) bold-underline-italics, b) bullets, c) paragraphing. Modern authors use bold-underline-italics to indicate emphasis. The Biblical authors use REPETITION to indicate emphasis. We call this the Rashi sub-method of REPETITION. EXAMPLE Lv25-26c ---------------- The following verses repeat a theme -------------------------------------------------------------- -Lv25-43 If your brother sells himself don't WORK HIM MENIALLY -Lv25-46 Don't WORK YOUR BROTHERS MENIALLY -------------------------------------------------------------- We have CAPPED the REPEATED phrase. Modern formatting would use BOLDFACE, ITALICS or UNDERLINE. Such formatting creates EMPHASIS. This EMPHASIS in turn can lead to either broad or literal interpretation. In this particular case it seems natural to create emphasis by interpreting broadly ------------------------------------------------------------- Rashi: ------ Don't work your brother menially in any case, whether he is a slave or not. Hence - a master may not work a slave menially(Lv25-43) - a king may not order his subjects to work menially - a head of court may not order his subjects to work menially ------------------------------------------------------------- LIST150a below presents other examples where verses are interpreted broadly because of a REPETITION. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | REPETITION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | BROAD | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #20 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST150a | |
List of verses with | REPEATED words interpreted broadly |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted broadly | |||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | EMPHASIS...DO IT... | |
Lv25-26c | no menial work(repeat) | Master to slave;King to subjct | |
Lv20-09a | PARENTS...PARENTS | EVEN after death | |
Lv19-22a | the SIN HE SINNED | WHETHER willful or inadvertent | |
Dt13-16a | HIT HIT by sword | EVEN by Fire | |
Dt15-08b | GIVE GIVE charity | EVEN by loaning | |
Dt16-20a | PURSUE PURSUE Justice | EVEN for mistaken aquitals | |
Ex12-09c | COOK COOK in water | EVEN in other liquids | |
Lv13-35a | SPREAD SPREAD after OK | EVEN if SPREAD while impure | |
Lv17-13a | HUNT A HUNT*10 | EVEN for a non-hunted animal | |
------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------- | |
Lv20-02b | EXECUTE EXECUTE | EVEN by the masses*1 | |
Lv07-19b | MEAT:all MEAT eatable | Even if PART of organ bad*3 | |
Lv05-15b | TRESPASS TRESPASS tmpl | Not only eating;any benefit*2 | |
Lv13-44a | DECLARE DECLARE impure | EVEN if not a head leprosy*4 | |
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*1 Supported by Dt17-06:07 which states -------------------------------------- ..first the witnesses execute...then the people execute -------------------------------------- *2 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lv05-02a.htm for a full discussion of the three Rashi methods connected with this verse. *3 e.g. If PART of meat fell outside temple (and is thereby impure) then you can still eat the part of the meat that remained inside the temple (even though the two parts are connected) *4 The text of Lv13-32:45 is as follows ---------------------------------------------------- If on his baldness there is pinkish affiction then leprosy is sprouting in his baldness; the priest reviews and confirms the pinkish affliction in his baldness just like skin leprosy...[then] this person is leprousand is ritually impure; the priest shall DECLARE DECLARE him impure and the lepor with the affliction: his garments shall be rent and his head left wild.... ----------------------------------------------------- The words DECLARE DECLARE encourage a BROAD interpretation of this chapter: The requirements of declaration, garment renting and head left wild apply not only to the subject of the chapter---a bald person with leprosy---but apply to ANY lepor | |||
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*10 Rashi citing the Talmud asks ------------------------------------------------ But if the law applies to HUNTED or DOMISTICATED (non-hunted) animals why does the bible use the phrase HUNT alltogether? ANSWER: The Bible speaks about a TYPICAL SITUATION: One normally should not eat meat except on special occassions and after significant work like a hunt ------------------------------------------------ |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv25-44a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv25-44a Lv25-44b Lv25-44c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the alignment of ALMOST similar verses. The minor variations between these almost similar verses suggests nuances and differences or even meaning. We call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call this the Rashi sub-method of TWO CASES EXAMPLE Lv25-44 Using people as slaves -------------------------------------- Compare the following paragraphs discussing the right to use people as slaves ----------------------------------------------------------- Lv25-39:40 Treat Jews like WORKERS not like slaves Lv25-44 Slaves from SURROUNDING NON-JEWISH NATIONS ARE OK Dt20-16:18 Don't allow alive any of the conquered 7 nations ----------------------------------------------------------- Rashi ----------------------------------------------------------- From the ALIGNMENT of these verses we infer - Jews, although they can technically be sold as slaves, cannot be treated as slaves - Non-Jewish survivors, from the 7 nations the Jews conquer, must be put to death (Hence we cannot use them as slaves) - Non-Jews from the nations surrounding Israel can be used as slaves ----------------------------------------------------------- LIST314c below summarizes these arguments | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 2 CASES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #10 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST314c | |
Align clauses in | Lv25-39:40,Lv25-44,Dt20-16:18. SLAVES |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
Align clauses in Lv25-39:40,Lv25-44,Dt20-16:18. SLAVES: | ||||
VERSES | People Involved | Residence | Slave Use? | |
Lv25-39:40 | JEWS | Any place | No*1 | |
Dt20-16:18 | NON-JEWS | 7 conquered nations | NO*2 | |
Lv25-44 | Non-Jews | Nations SURROUNDING Israel | Yes*3 *10 | |
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*1 It explicitly states ----------------------------------------------------- Treat them like a WORKER; don't give them MENIAL work ----------------------------------------------------- *2 It explicitly states ------------------- Don't let them live ------------------- Hence you cannot use them as slaves *3 It says you can use them*10 | ||||
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*10 Note that our approach, using the ALIGNMENT method, differs from other approaches using word PICKINESS. We are not claiming that the verse states -------------------------- Nations SURROUNDING Israel -------------------------- and hence, those SURROUNDING Israel can be used for slaves while those IN Israel cannot Rather we are basing our inference on the ALIGNMENT - Jews - no - Non-Jews 7 nations - no - Non-Jews surrounding - yes The advantage of our approach is that we infer that even non-Jews from lands far away from Israel, even though they are not directly surrounding Israel, can be used as long as they are not from the 7 nations |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv25-43a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv25-43a Lv25-45a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 major methods is to clarify complex logical, algebraic and geometric comments with examples. We call this the Rashi method of SPREADSHEETS. This method equally applies to ANY ILLUSTRATION BY EXAMPLE whether - simple illustrative examples - clarification of algebraic ideas - clarification of geometric ideas - clarification thru spreadsheets EXAMPLE 1: Lv25-43a ------------------------------------------------------------ Lv25-43a states --------------------------- Don't work a slave MENIALLY --------------------------- Rashi (paraphrased) clarifies with illustrative examples what menially means -------------------------------------------------------- MENIAL does not - not refer to how much energy is use to do the work MENIAL does - refer to lack of purpose e.g. 'Go chop some wood' when such wood is not needed - refer to unspecified work e.g. 'Work till I come home' vs Work the entire yard' or WOrk 4 hours' --------------------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE 2: Lv25-45a ------------------- Lv25-44:45 in discussing whom can be used for slaves states ---------------------------------------------------------- You can purchase slaves from the nations surrounding Israel OR You can also acquire slaves from the sons of the residents who live with you ---------------------------------------------------------- Rashi (Paraphrased) clarifies -------------------------------------------- We know from Dt20-16 that Jews are not allowed to use the 7 nations they conquer Israel from as slaves since they must kill them because of their evil. Lv25-44 allows us however to acquire non-jewish slaves from nations surrounding Israel. Lv25-45 allows us to also obtain slaves from the CHILDREN OF RESIDENTS - that is, for EXAMPLE, a non-Jew from outside Israel marries a woman from the 7 nations--even though she must be killed her children follow the father and therefore may be purchase for slaves --------------------------------------------- LIST690a below summarizes these comments | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | SPREADSHEETS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | ALGEBRA | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #30 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST690a | |
Rashis requiring | Spreadsheets/Algebra |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
Rashis requiring Spreadsheets/Algebra | ||
VERSE | Item Spreadsheet is used for | |
lv25-43a.htm | Menial labor=a)purposeless b)no fixed amount | |
lv25-43a.htm | Slaves from sons of residents:even Canaanite*2 | |
dt21-17a.htm | How to give 1st-born double *1 | |
ex38-24b.htm | Computation of relative value of Biblical currency | |
nu03-39b.htm | Accounting of Levite children | |
nu31-26a.htm | Division of booty in war | |
gn05-32b.htm | Computation of relative ages of Noachs children | |
gn25-20a.htm | Proof that Rivkah was 15 when she married Isaac | |
lv22-13a.htm | How priests daughter can zigzag in Terumah use | |
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*1 Many people are familiar with the concept of the FORMULA PLUG IN. That is a problem is solved by a formula which you plug into. But some problems intrinsically cannot (initally) be solved by a formula. Instead you have to formulate the problem algebraically and solve;only then do you have the formula. In other words these problems are solved by the EQUATION vs the FORMULA Thus the statement that the eldest gets double suggests the following model. - Suppose the are B brothers - Suppose 1 of them is eldest - The Fathers total assets are T (Total) - Let A be the amount each brother inherits We have no formula for A - Then each of the B-1 brothers obtains A - The eldest obtains double, 2A. - Together this exhausts the Fathers estate, T Hence we have (B-1)A + 2A = (B+1)A = T This gives rise to the formula A = T / (B+1) An example is a father with 100,000 and 4 children - T=100,000 - B=4 - So each child take T/(B+1) = 100000/5 = 20,000 - Eldest takes 2*20000=40000 - Other 3 take 20000 - Total distribution =3*20000+40000=100000 See Rambam Inheritance Chapter 2 *2 e.g. The father is a non jew from outside Israel He marries a Canaanite women in Israel By law when Israel is conquered she must be killed But the son follows the father, is not considered Canaanite, need not be killed and can be used as a slave byus. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lightning summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
7 | 862q | AXZ means a)grip b)gripped by pain c)inheritance d)reputation | |
20 | 150a | NO MENIAL WORK-NO MENIAL WORK:a)Master to slave b)King-Subject | |
10 | 314c | WHO CAN BE A SLAVE? JEWS-no;CANAAANITES-no;OTHER NON JEWS-yes | |
30 | 690a | NO MENIAL WORK=a)purposeless work b)indefinite work | |
30 | 690a | Non-Jewish Father+Canaanite Mother-->Son non Canaanite;OK Slave | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Lv25-41c | UNIFIED MEANING | AXZ=grip,gripped by pain,reputation.. | |
Lv25-41b | UNIFIED MEANING | AXZ=grip,gripped by pain,reputation.. | |
Gn26-26b | UNIFIED MEANING | AXZ=grip,gripped by pain,reputation.. | |
Gn47-27b | UNIFIED MEANING | AXZ=grip,gripped by pain,reputation.. | |
Lv25-26c | REPETITION | NO MENIAL WORK:King-subject;... | |
Lv25-44a | ALIGNMENT | WHO CAN BE SLAVE?Non-Jew & Non-Canaan | |
Lv25-44b | ALIGNMENT | WHO CAN BE SLAVE?Non-Jew & Non-Canaan | |
Lv25-44c | ALIGNMENT | WHO CAN BE SLAVE?Non-Jew & Non-Canaan | |
Lv25-43a | SPREADSHEETS | MENIAL=purposeless/indefinite... | |
Lv25-45a | SPREADSHEETS | MENIAL=purposeless/indefinite... | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#