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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 26 Number 1
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                     Produced May 18 th, 2005
	
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#*#
HELPFUL READING TIPS
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE WHAT SHOULD YOU READ SECTION COLOR
Only 2-3 mintues SUCCINT SUMMARY BROWN
Only 5-8 minutes LISTS BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE
Maybe 20-30 minutes BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION GREEN SECTION
Time to do research SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 Newsletter Bottom
COMMENTS
*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version
For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser

For html or PDF version visit
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm

*2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom:
- LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue)
- OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv25-41c
RASHIS COVERED: Lv25-41c Lv25-41b Gn26-26b Gn47-27b
Lv25-41c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major methods is to explain MEANING the
same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this
Rashi METHOD of MEANING.

Rashi had 10 sub-methods by which to explain MEANING.
When Rashi shows a UNIFYING MEANING to the disparate
meanings of a single Hebrew root we say that Rashi is
using the UNIFIED MEANING sub-method

EXAMPLE  Root A-Ch-Z, (AXZ) means ...
----------------------------------
GRIP refers to the physical act of GRIPPING. Hence it
also refers to anything PERMANANT. It can mean

a) to Grip (e.g. Grab the grain)
b) medical condition (e.g. gripped by pain)
c) a group of friends (that grip one another in friendship)
They stay PERMANANTLY together in all circumstances
d) overlay of utensil or house (e.g. Gripped by cedars)
It is a PERMANANT overlay
d) a portion or INHERITANCE of land-land you have PERMANANTLY
f) One's REPUTATION and HONOR--the things people say
about you that are PERMANANT and intrinsic to you
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS UNIFIED MEANING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST862q
List of meanings of root A-Ch-Z (AXZ) = to grip
LIST862q
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of meanings of root A-Ch-Z (AXZ) = to grip
MEANING VERSE TEXT OF VERSE WITH grip CAPITALIZED
Grab Ru03-16 GRAB the grain
Gripped Ecc9-12 As fished GRIPPED by a net*1
-------------- ----- -------------------------------
Medical Condition Isa13-08 GRIPPED by labor pains*10
Overlay 1K06-10 House was OVERLAYED with CEDARS*3 *10
Group of friends Gn26-26b He came with a GROUP of friends*4 *10
Settle land Gn47-27b They SETTLED in that piece of land*1*1
Reputation/honor Lv25-41b he returns to his former REPUTATION*10
Reputation/honor Lv25-41b he returns to his former REPUTATION*10
COMMENTS
*1 These verbs are in the passive mode See Nu32-30
for a similar usage

*3 Also see Es01-06 (Overlayed utensils)

*4 Also see Gn26-26b. Rashi points out an additional
grammatical point
----------------------------------------------------
The terminal Tauv on a word need not indicate a
construct state
----------------------------------------------------
We have discussed this elsewhere and will not
repeat it here. For a reference see
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/gn01-01b.htm for examples
We will discuss this in future issues

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Because it is hard to leave a GRIP, the word GRIP,
in both English and Hebrew can connote PERMANANCE
Several meanings in this list connote those
- assets
- or attributes that stay with a person for a long time
- Something that he cannot get out of easily.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv25-26c
Lv25-26c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major methods is the study of FORMATTING
effects that indicate emphasis. We call this the Rashi method
of FORMATTING.

Modern authors have a variety of methods to indicate FORMATTING
such as a) bold-underline-italics, b) bullets, c) paragraphing.
Modern authors use bold-underline-italics to indicate
emphasis. The Biblical authors use REPETITION to indicate
emphasis. We call this the Rashi sub-method of REPETITION.

EXAMPLE Lv25-26c
----------------
The following verses repeat a theme
--------------------------------------------------------------
-Lv25-43 If your brother sells himself don't WORK HIM MENIALLY
-Lv25-46 Don't WORK YOUR BROTHERS MENIALLY
--------------------------------------------------------------

We have CAPPED the REPEATED phrase. Modern formatting would
use BOLDFACE, ITALICS or UNDERLINE. Such formatting creates
EMPHASIS. This EMPHASIS in turn can lead to either broad
or literal interpretation.

In this particular case it seems natural to create emphasis
by interpreting broadly
-------------------------------------------------------------
Rashi:
------
Don't work your brother menially in any case, whether
he is a slave or not. Hence
- a master may not work a slave menially(Lv25-43)
- a king may not order his subjects to work menially
- a head of court may not order his subjects to work menially
-------------------------------------------------------------

LIST150a below presents other examples where verses are
interpreted broadly because of a REPETITION.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: REPETITION
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS BROAD
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #20
SEE BELOW LIST150a
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted broadly
LIST150a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted broadly
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE EMPHASIS...DO IT...
Lv25-26c no menial work(repeat) Master to slave;King to subjct
Lv20-09a PARENTS...PARENTS EVEN after death
Lv19-22a the SIN HE SINNED WHETHER willful or inadvertent
Dt13-16a HIT HIT by sword EVEN by Fire
Dt15-08b GIVE GIVE charity EVEN by loaning
Dt16-20a PURSUE PURSUE Justice EVEN for mistaken aquitals
Ex12-09c COOK COOK in water EVEN in other liquids
Lv13-35a SPREAD SPREAD after OK EVEN if SPREAD while impure
Lv17-13a HUNT A HUNT*10 EVEN for a non-hunted animal
------- --------------------- -----------------------------
Lv20-02b EXECUTE EXECUTE EVEN by the masses*1
Lv07-19b MEAT:all MEAT eatable Even if PART of organ bad*3
Lv05-15b TRESPASS TRESPASS tmpl Not only eating;any benefit*2
Lv13-44a DECLARE DECLARE impure EVEN if not a head leprosy*4
COMMENTS
*1 Supported  by Dt17-06:07 which states
--------------------------------------
..first the witnesses execute...then the people execute
--------------------------------------

*2 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lv05-02a.htm for a full
discussion of the three Rashi methods connected with
this verse.

*3 e.g. If PART of meat fell outside temple (and is thereby
impure) then you can still eat the part of the meat
that remained inside the temple (even though the two
parts are connected)

*4 The text of Lv13-32:45 is as follows
----------------------------------------------------
If on his baldness there is pinkish affiction then
leprosy is sprouting in his baldness; the priest
reviews and confirms the pinkish affliction in his
baldness just like skin leprosy...[then] this person
is leprousand is ritually impure; the priest shall
DECLARE DECLARE him impure and the lepor with the
affliction: his garments shall be rent and his head
left wild....
-----------------------------------------------------

The words DECLARE DECLARE encourage a BROAD
interpretation of this chapter: The requirements of
declaration, garment renting and head left wild apply
not only to the subject of the chapter---a bald person
with leprosy---but apply to ANY lepor

LONGER FOOTNOTES
*10 Rashi citing the Talmud asks
------------------------------------------------
But if the law applies to HUNTED or DOMISTICATED
(non-hunted) animals why does the bible use the
phrase HUNT alltogether? ANSWER: The Bible speaks
about a TYPICAL SITUATION: One normally should not
eat meat except on special occassions and after
significant work like a hunt
------------------------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv25-44a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv25-44a Lv25-44b Lv25-44c
Lv25-44a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the alignment
of ALMOST similar verses. The minor variations between these
almost similar verses suggests nuances and differences or
even meaning. We call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT
When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call
this the Rashi sub-method of TWO CASES


EXAMPLE Lv25-44 Using people as slaves
--------------------------------------
Compare the following paragraphs discussing
the right to use people as slaves

-----------------------------------------------------------
Lv25-39:40 Treat Jews like WORKERS not like slaves
Lv25-44    Slaves from SURROUNDING NON-JEWISH NATIONS ARE OK
Dt20-16:18 Don't allow alive any of the conquered 7 nations
-----------------------------------------------------------

Rashi
-----------------------------------------------------------
From the ALIGNMENT of these verses we infer
- Jews, although they can technically be sold as slaves,
cannot be treated as slaves
- Non-Jewish survivors, from the 7 nations the Jews conquer,
must be put to death (Hence we cannot use them as slaves)
- Non-Jews from the nations surrounding Israel can be
used as slaves
-----------------------------------------------------------

LIST314c below summarizes these arguments
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: ALIGNMENT
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 2 CASES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #10
SEE BELOW LIST314c
Align clauses in Lv25-39:40,Lv25-44,Dt20-16:18. SLAVES
LIST314c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Align clauses in         Lv25-39:40,Lv25-44,Dt20-16:18. SLAVES:
VERSES People Involved Residence Slave Use?
Lv25-39:40 JEWS Any place No*1
Dt20-16:18 NON-JEWS 7 conquered nations NO*2
Lv25-44 Non-Jews Nations SURROUNDING Israel Yes*3 *10
COMMENTS
*1 It explicitly states
-----------------------------------------------------
Treat them like a WORKER; don't give them MENIAL work
-----------------------------------------------------

*2 It explicitly states
-------------------
Don't let them live
-------------------
Hence you cannot use them as slaves

*3 It says you can use them*10

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Note that our approach, using the ALIGNMENT method, differs
from other approaches using word PICKINESS.

We are not claiming that the verse states
--------------------------
Nations SURROUNDING Israel
--------------------------
and hence, those SURROUNDING Israel can be used for slaves
while those IN Israel cannot

Rather we are basing our inference on the ALIGNMENT
- Jews - no
- Non-Jews 7 nations - no
- Non-Jews surrounding - yes

The advantage of our approach is that we infer that
even non-Jews from lands far away from Israel, even though
they are not directly surrounding Israel, can be used as
long as they are not from the 7 nations
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Lv25-43a
RASHIS COVERED: Lv25-43a Lv25-45a
Lv22-43a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 major methods is to clarify complex
logical, algebraic and geometric comments with examples.
We call this the Rashi method of SPREADSHEETS. This method
equally applies to ANY ILLUSTRATION BY EXAMPLE whether
- simple illustrative examples
- clarification of algebraic ideas
- clarification of geometric ideas
- clarification thru spreadsheets

EXAMPLE 1: Lv25-43a
------------------------------------------------------------
Lv25-43a states
---------------------------
Don't work a slave MENIALLY
---------------------------

Rashi (paraphrased) clarifies with illustrative examples
what menially means
--------------------------------------------------------
MENIAL does not
- not refer to how much energy is use to do the work
MENIAL does
- refer to lack of purpose
e.g. 'Go chop some wood' when such wood is not needed
- refer to unspecified work
e.g. 'Work till I come home' vs
Work the entire yard' or
WOrk 4 hours'
---------------------------------------------------------

EXAMPLE 2: Lv25-45a
-------------------
Lv25-44:45 in discussing whom can be used for slaves states
----------------------------------------------------------
You can purchase slaves from the nations surrounding Israel
OR
You can also acquire slaves from the sons of the residents
who live with you
----------------------------------------------------------

Rashi (Paraphrased) clarifies
--------------------------------------------
We know from Dt20-16 that Jews are not allowed
to use the 7 nations they conquer Israel from
as slaves since they must kill them because
of their evil. Lv25-44 allows us however to
acquire non-jewish slaves from nations surrounding
Israel. Lv25-45 allows us to also obtain slaves from
the CHILDREN OF RESIDENTS
- that is, for EXAMPLE, a non-Jew from outside Israel
marries a woman from the 7 nations--even though she
must be killed her children follow the father and
therefore may be purchase for slaves
---------------------------------------------

LIST690a below summarizes these comments
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: SPREADSHEETS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS ALGEBRA
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #30
SEE BELOW LIST690a
Rashis requiring Spreadsheets/Algebra
LIST690a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Rashis requiring         Spreadsheets/Algebra
VERSE Item Spreadsheet is used for
lv25-43a.htm Menial labor=a)purposeless b)no fixed amount
lv25-43a.htm Slaves from sons of residents:even Canaanite*2
dt21-17a.htm How to give 1st-born double *1
ex38-24b.htm Computation of relative value of Biblical currency
nu03-39b.htm Accounting of Levite children
nu31-26a.htm Division of booty in war
gn05-32b.htm Computation of relative ages of Noachs children
gn25-20a.htm Proof that Rivkah was 15 when she married Isaac
lv22-13a.htm How priests daughter can zigzag in Terumah use
COMMENTS
*1  Many people are familiar with the concept of the
FORMULA PLUG IN. That is a problem is solved by a
formula which you plug into.

But some problems intrinsically cannot (initally)
be solved by a formula. Instead you have to
formulate the problem algebraically and solve;only
then do you have the formula.

In other words these problems are solved by
the EQUATION vs the FORMULA

Thus the statement that the eldest gets double
suggests the following model.

- Suppose the are B brothers
- Suppose 1 of them is eldest
- The Fathers total assets are T (Total)

- Let A be the amount each brother inherits
We have no formula for A

- Then each of the B-1 brothers obtains A
- The eldest obtains double, 2A.
- Together this exhausts the Fathers estate, T

Hence we have (B-1)A + 2A = (B+1)A = T

This gives rise to the formula  A = T / (B+1)

An example is a father with 100,000 and 4 children
- T=100,000
- B=4
- So each child take T/(B+1) = 100000/5 = 20,000
- Eldest takes 2*20000=40000
- Other 3 take 20000
- Total distribution =3*20000+40000=100000

See Rambam Inheritance Chapter 2


*2 e.g. The father is a non jew from outside Israel
He marries a Canaanite women in Israel
By law when Israel is conquered she must be killed
But the son follows the father, is not considered Canaanite,
need not be killed and can be used as a slave byus.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
LIGHTNING SUMMARIES
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Lightning summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10
# LIST BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES
7 862q AXZ means a)grip b)gripped by pain c)inheritance d)reputation
20 150a NO MENIAL WORK-NO MENIAL WORK:a)Master to slave b)King-Subject
10 314c WHO CAN BE A SLAVE? JEWS-no;CANAAANITES-no;OTHER NON JEWS-yes
30 690a NO MENIAL WORK=a)purposeless work b)indefinite work
30 690a Non-Jewish Father+Canaanite Mother-->Son non Canaanite;OK Slave
COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.

All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =====================================
Lv25-41c UNIFIED MEANING AXZ=grip,gripped by pain,reputation..
Lv25-41b UNIFIED MEANING AXZ=grip,gripped by pain,reputation..
Gn26-26b UNIFIED MEANING AXZ=grip,gripped by pain,reputation..
Gn47-27b UNIFIED MEANING AXZ=grip,gripped by pain,reputation..
Lv25-26c REPETITION NO MENIAL WORK:King-subject;...
Lv25-44a ALIGNMENT WHO CAN BE SLAVE?Non-Jew & Non-Canaan
Lv25-44b ALIGNMENT WHO CAN BE SLAVE?Non-Jew & Non-Canaan
Lv25-44c ALIGNMENT WHO CAN BE SLAVE?Non-Jew & Non-Canaan
Lv25-43a SPREADSHEETS MENIAL=purposeless/indefinite...
Lv25-45a SPREADSHEETS MENIAL=purposeless/indefinite...
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#