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                  Surfing the Talmudic Seas
               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 26 Number 10
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               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h26n10.htm
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                     Produced Jun 22 nd, 2005
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#*#
HELPFUL READING TIPS
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE WHAT SHOULD YOU READ SECTION COLOR
Only 2-3 mintues SUCCINT SUMMARY BROWN
Only 5-8 minutes LISTS BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE
Maybe 20-30 minutes BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION GREEN SECTION
Time to do research SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 Newsletter Bottom
COMMENTS
*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version
For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser

For html or PDF version visit
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm

*2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom:
- LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue)
- OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu13-20b
RASHIS COVERED: Nu13-32a Nu13-20b
Nu13-20b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is the explanation of
meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning.
We call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING.

Rashi had 10 vehicles by which to explain words.
Rashi frequently explains not, word meaning, but rather
phrase meaning. That is each particular word in the
phrase may have a known meaning but the collection of
words  together form a NEW IDIOMATIC MEANING.
We call this the NEW MEANING or the IDIOM SUBMETHOD.

EXAMPLE: Nu13-20b
-----------------
Verse Nu13-20 states
--------------------------------
...these were the DAYS OF FIRST
FRUIT OF GRAPES
--------------------------------

Rashi explains this idiom. The phrase means
----------------------------------
the GRAPE HARVEST SEASON
----------------------------------

EXAMPLE Nu13-32a
----------------
Nu13-32 cites the spies as describing Israel as
--------------------------------
a land that EATS ITS INHABITANTS
--------------------------------

Rashi explains this idiom as meaning
------------------------------------
a PLAGUE RIDDEN LAND
------------------------------------

LIST854x below presents other examples of Biblical idioms.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST854x
List of Biblical idioms(eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY)
LIST854x
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY
LIST854x continues  LIST854d LIST854z LIST854y
VERSE BIBLICAL PHRASE TRANSLATION NOTES
Nu13-20b DAYS OF GRAPE 1st FRUIT GRAPE HARVEST SEASON
Nu13-32a Land EATS INHABITANTS PLAGUE RIDDEN LAND
Lv25-23b Dont STICK THE SALE Dont sell PERMANANTLY No redeem
Lv26-17a PLACE FACE*1 Total attention/focus to punish
Lv13-12a HEAD to FOOT Whole bod y
Gn37-26b COVER BLOOD conceal MURDER
COMMENTS

*1 Rashi, Lv26-17h points out that the phrase
-------------
PLACE MY FACE
-------------
means
--------------
FULL ATTENTION
--------------
whether
- for good, to reward
- for bad, to punish.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu14-25a
Nu14-25a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
A powerful but simple Rashi method is the CITATION or CROSS-
REFERENCING of an OTHER VERSE for the purpose of adding
FURTHER DETAILS to a verse we are studying.  We call this
the Rashi METHOD of OTHER VERSES and the Rashi submethod
of FURTHER DETAILS

EXAMPLE Nu14-25a
----------------
Nu14-25 states
--------------------------------
The Amalykites are in the valley
[therefore] journey away from
here tomorrow
--------------------------------

Rashi explains the causal connection
between the presence of the Amalykites
and the need to journey by citing
Nu14-42:45
-------------------------------------
Moses told the people do not go up
to conquer Israel since God is angry
with you...don't violate God's will
---you will not be successful...if you
go up the Amalykite will defeat you...
the nation did not listen...they went
up and the Amalykite in the mountain
came down and defeated them
--------------------------------------

Thus this OTHER VERSE sheds light
on why they had to JOURNEY---they
would be defeated if they stayed.

LIST210x presents many examples of verses illumined by
other verses
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS OTHER VERSES
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS FURTHER DETAILS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #1
SEE BELOW LIST210x
List of verses pairs with one verse illuminating another
LIST210x
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses pairs     with one verse illuminating another
LIST210x CONTINUES LIST210a LIST210z LIST210y
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE OTHER VRSE DETAILS
Nu14-25a journey away from here Nu14-42:45 Amalyk will defeat u
Nu12-08c See GODS PICTURE Ex33-23 See God-s back
Nu12-12b Don-t make us LIKE DEAD Lv13-45:46 LIKE LEPOR*1
Nu02-02c OPPOSITE the Temple Jo03-04 2000 Cubits
Lv27-10a GOOD:BAD sacrifice Lv22-18:20 BAD=BLEMISHED
Gn45-18a I-ll give BEST OF LAND Gn47-11 BEST OF LAND=Ramsyth
COMMENTS
*1 Unlike other cases of ritual impurity the Lepor is
- ostracized from all his friends
- must declare himself impure and separate himself
Hence he is like someone dead (that is like a dead body
he is REPULSIVE)*10

---------------------  LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------------
*10 Rashi gives an alternate argument
-----------------------------------------------------
Both the LEPOR and DEAD transmit a status of ritual
impurity to a person who merely walks into the same
room with them
-----------------------------------------------------

However we would summarize this Rashi argument as follows
---------------------------------------------------------
Both the LEPOR and DEAD are considered REPULSIVE. Hence
- merely being in the same room with them confers impurity
- People AVOID both the LEPOR and DEAD BODY
---------------------------------------------------------

Such an approach to Rashi is deeper and more satisfying
and sheds light on the analogy.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu13-23a
Nu13-23a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning
the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this
the WORD MEANING method.

Rashi had 10 vehicles to explain meaning. The SYNONYM
submethod takes words with known meanings and shows the
similarity and nuances in each term.

EXAMPLE: Nu13-23a
-----------------
- The word ZMoRaH means a GRAPE VINE
- The word EshKoL means a GRAPE CLUSTER

LIST955z below presents other Rashis focusing on
Biblical synonyms
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS SYNONYMS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST955z
List of Synonym pairs
LIST955z
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of                  Synonym pairs
LIST955z continues LIST955a
VERSE WORD BASIC IDEA NUANCES
Nu13-23a ZMoRaH Grapes Grape VINE
Nu13-23 EshKoL Grapes Grape CLUSTER
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Lv22-18a NDR*13 Donation VOW-eg I-ll bring a sacrifice
Lv22-18b NDBH Donation DONATION-eg Donate Tmpl money
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Lv22-22a &WRT Blind Feminine form
- - - - &WR Blind Masculine form
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Lv13-45a PRM Tear tear ON SEAM
- - - - QR& Tear GENERAL tear
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Ex28-28c XBR Unite Unite
- - - - RKS Unite Unite by TIGHTENING*8
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Nu17-21a TWK In Centrally in *7
- - - - Beth In In
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Gn01-11a D$A FIELD MEADOW*6
- - - - &SW FIELD GRASS*6
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt28-68a ANIH BOAT Both words mean boat *5
- - - - SFINH BOAT Both words mean boat *5
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt18-03c Z-R-A HAND/THROW ZRA=arm; ZRA=to scatter
-------- Y-D-H HAND/THROW YD=hand; YDH=to throw
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt13-06a S-R-H FABRICATE it is REMOVED from reality*4
-------- B-D-A FABRICATE it is ISOLATED from reality
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt05-17b A-V-H DESIRE*3 desire in ONES HEART-FANTASIZ
Ex20-17 X-M-D DESIRE*3 COVET-desire ACQUISITION
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt11-25c P-X-D FEAR IMMEDIATE Fear-Good pimples*1
Dt11-25d M-R-H FEAR ANXIETY-LONG TERM Fear-vision
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt11-14c I-R-H RAIN*2 F IRST rain-IMPREGNATES ground
Dt11-14d MLK$ RAIN*2 FINAL rain-SOFTENS Ground
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
COMMENTS
*1 Also Rashi Dt11-25b. It seems reasonable that
- P-Ch-D comes from Poh-Chad - SHARP and would refer to
e.g. getting GOOSE PIMPLES (Sharpnesses in skin) from
fear

- MoRaH comes from Y-R-A = vision = LONG TERM
apprehension over the future.*10


*2 - YOREH seems to comes from HRH to make pregnant. It
would look at the rain as ENABLING the seeds to grow

- MALKOSH seesm to come from LKSH - TO THE HARD(KSH)
GRAIN and would refer to a final softening rain
before the produce. See LIST910i *11


*3 It is hard to absolutely prove that
- A-V-H means FANTASIZE vs
- Ch-M-D means DESIRE ACQUISITION

The verses show that
- A-V-H is an act of the HEART while
- Ch-M-D is focused on ACQUIRING OBJECTS
See LIST955h for further details
(Also see Rashi Gn27-15a Gn03-06c Gn03-06d)

*4 On Dt19-16a Rashi gives an example of REMOVED/FABRICATED
Testimony--when eg witnesses testify to a murder in NY
and other witnesses come stating that the 1st witnesses
were with them in Chicago at the time of witnessing--thus
the murder testimony is totally removed from the real word

*5 Undoubtedly there is probably a subtle difference between
ANIH/SFINH but it is not possible to determine this from
verses. An interesting statistical note is the following
- SFINH occurs ONCE in the  Bible
- ANIH occurs 3 dozen times in the Bible
- But in Biblical times the frequencies were reversed
Hence, Rashi, in explaining the more frequently occurring
ANIH was responding to the rarity of this word IN HIS TIME

*6 - GRASS can refer to MANY or SINGULAR grass
- MEADOW only refers to a WHOLE MEADOW of GRASS


*7 TWK verses Beth (CENTRALLY IN vs IN)
explains several Rashis:
Nu17-21a Gn02-09b Ex24-1a Lv24-10c
Gn01-06b Nu35-34a See LIST955j

*8 Hence
- Ex28-28c TIGHTEN the AYFOD garment
- P031-21  Save me from GANGS(people TIGHTELY together)
- Is40-04  God will smooth the TIGHT mountains
(Rashi explains that TIGHT MOUNTAINS are mountains
close together with deep georges between them)*12

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The reader need NOT believe the above etymologies
For frequently Rashi explains synonyms without
reference to etymologies and even without reference
to verses. However some of the above etymologies seem
reasonable and may enrich our appreciation of the
synonyms.


*11 Rashi gives another etymology from the Aramaic.
However in this list we advocate the 2nd explanation
of Rashi over the 1st. Furthermore in this
particular case the 2nd explanation comes internally
from Hebrew while the 1st Rashi explanation INFERS
usage from Aramaic but does not EXPLAIN it.


*12 Rashi translates RKS as UNITE.
I have examined the verses and think the nuances
of TIGHTEN-which is a particular form of tightening
is more precise

Rashi and my analysis apparently override the
RADACK who translates (from context) RKS as meaning
HIGH. Compare
- RAISE the AYFOD (By tightening it)
- Save me from HAUGHTY people
- God will smooth the HIGH mountains


*13 Rashi brings several distinctions on the nuances
between VOWS vs DONATIONS

- VOWS are PERSONAL (eg I will bring...)
- DONATIONS are OBJECT oriented
(eg This material is to Tmpl)

- VOWS come for OFFERINGS
- DONATIONS come for TEMPLE repairs

- VOWS come for personal EXPIATION
- DONATIONS do not come personal EXPIATION

Rashi in fact notes that the word FOR EXPIATION
(Resh-Tzade-Hey) does occur in Lv22-23. However
this is just an accident. The main Rashi point comes
from the VOW:DONATION difference---in English also
- VOW has personal connotation (I undertake..) while
- DONATION has object connotation (this item goes to..)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu13-17a
Nu13-17a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
The METONOMY method seeks to obtain meaning
by equating a word or phrase with something RELATED.
For example AMERICA defeated IRAQ really means that
the AMERICAN PEOPLE defeated the IRAQii PEOPLE.

It is common in POETRY to use phrases to indicate
something related. I call this the method of
METONOMIC PHRASES.


EXAMPLE Nu13-17a
----------------
Nu13-17 describes the journey of the spies
----------------------------
and they went on the south
towards chevron....
----------------------------

Rashi comments
------------------------------------------------
Chevron is a burial place (eg Gn23-19:20)
Burial plots are typically the most inferior
land (You dont use good land for burial plots)

So the point is that the spies first encountered
the bad parts of Israel and later they could see
the good parts of Israel

This is common in commerce....you keep the very
good stuff to the end...you try and get bids on
the bad stuff...then you show good stuff and try
and get a higher bid (As it is...Chevron which
is ONLY a burial plot has quite good land)
------------------------------------------------

Rashi here uses the principle of PHRASE METONOMY:

The verse THEY WENT TO THE SOUTH TO CHEVRON
means THEY WENT TO THE POOR QUALITY LAND FIRST

In other words the SOUTH/CHEVRON is interpreted
in terms of the attributes which are RELATED TO IT
(And naming something by RELATION is called METONOMY)

See LIST871O for a list of METONOMIC POETIC PHRASES
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANINGS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 8 METHODS OF NAMING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST871O
List of verses with Metonomic Phrases(Poetic Hinting)
LIST871O
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with      Metonomic Phrases(Poetic Hinting)
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE RELATED TO INDICATES
Nu13-17a they went to SOUTH/CHEVRON burial place poor land*2
Gn49-11c wash clothes in wine wine abundance BLESSING
Lv26-26c 10 women cook in one stove wood drought CURSE
Lv26-10a consume very old grain well preserved BLESSING
Lv26-10b remove old grain for new grain abundance BLESSING
Gn49-12b white teeth from milk abundance BLESSING
Nu11-31c Meat was 2 CUBITS HIGH ARMS REACH Accessible*1
COMMENTS
*1 Meat could just be grabbed without bending down or exertion
A punchy description of obese people who want to grab meat
without doing any work or exercise.

*2 It is common in commerce to show the poor goods first (to
try and get a good bid from the buyer...then you show him
the really good material)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu13-30c
Nu13-30c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major methods is the study of FORMATTING
effects that indicate emphasis. We call this the Rashi method
of FORMATTING.

Modern authors have a variety of methods to indicate FORMATTING
such as a) bold-underline-italics, b) bullets, c) paragraphing.
Modern authors use bold-underline-italics to indicate
emphasis. The Biblical authors use REPETITION to indicate
emphasis. We call this the Rashi sub-method of REPETITION.

EXAMPLE Nu13-30c
----------------
The following verse repeats a word
-----------------------------------------------------
And Caleb quited the nation towards Moses (and said:
We will GO UP GO UP and conquer the land because
we can do it
-----------------------------------------------------

Rashi commenting on the phrase GO UP GO UP states
---------------------------------------
Even if the Canaanites build a space station
for defense we will GO UP and defeat them
---------------------------------------

Rashi of course is using the technique of EXAGGERATION
He really is interpreting the repeated phrase as follows
----------------------------------------------
No matter what military tactics they employ we
WILL GO UP (in all events) and CONQUER them
----------------------------------------------

LIST150a below presents other examples where verses are
interpreted broadly because of a REPETITION.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: REPETITION
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS BROAD
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #20
SEE BELOW LIST150a
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted broadly
LIST150a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted broadly
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE EMPHASIS...DO IT...
Nu13-30c we-ll GO UP GO UP we-ll WIN WAR no matter what
Lv20-09a PARENTS...PARENTS EVEN after death
Lv19-22a the SIN HE SINNED WHETHER willful or inadvertent
Dt13-16a HIT HIT by sword EVEN by Fire
Dt15-08b GIVE GIVE charity EVEN by loaning
Dt16-20a PURSUE PURSUE Justice EVEN for mistaken aquitals
Ex12-09c COOK COOK in water EVEN in other liquids
Lv13-35a SPREAD SPREAD after OK EVEN if SPREAD while impure
Lv17-13a HUNT A HUNT*10 EVEN for a non-hunted animal
------- --------------------- -----------------------------
Nu05-22c women says AMEN AMEN*5 Adultery from marriage:engaged
Lv25-26c no menial work(repeat) Master to slave;King to subjct
Lv20-02b EXECUTE EXECUTE EVEN by the masses*1
Lv07-19b MEAT:all MEAT eatable Even if PART of organ bad*3
Lv05-15b TRESPASS TRESPASS tmpl Not only eating;any benefit*2
Lv13-44a DECLARE DECLARE impure EVEN if not a head leprosy*4
COMMENTS
*1 Supported  by Dt17-06:07 which states
--------------------------------------
..first the witnesses execute...then the people execute
--------------------------------------

*2 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lv05-02a.htm for a full
discussion of the three Rashi methods connected with
this verse.

*3 e.g. If PART of meat fell outside temple (and is thereby
impure) then you can still eat the part of the meat
that remained inside the temple (even though the two
parts are connected)

*4 The text of Lv13-32:45 is as follows
----------------------------------------------------
If on his baldness there is pinkish affiction then
leprosy is sprouting in his baldness; the priest
reviews and confirms the pinkish affliction in his
baldness just like skin leprosy...[then] this person
is leprousand is ritually impure; the priest shall
DECLARE DECLARE him impure and the lepor with the
affliction: his garments shall be rent and his head
left wild....
-----------------------------------------------------

The words DECLARE DECLARE encourage a BROAD
interpretation of this chapter: The requirements of
declaration, garment renting and head left wild apply
not only to the subject of the chapter---a bald person
with leprosy---but apply to ANY lepor

*5 Rashi actually brings down THREE consequences of
the broad interpretation emanating from the repeated
word
------------------------------------------------------
The word AMEN signifies acceptance of an oath of curse
- ACCEPTANCE whether she committed adultery from
the suspected person OR from any other person

- ACCEPTANCE whether she cheated while married or
whether she cheated while (BiblicallY) engaged

- ACCEPTANCE of both the OATH (I didnt commit adultery)
as well as the consequent CURSE (May I be punished
if I did commit adultery)
------------------------------------------------------

From these three distinct interpretations we infer
that the basic idea of Rashi is that
-----------------------------------
The repetition indicates ACCEPTANCE
IN ALL CIRCUMSTANCES
-----------------------------------

LONGER FOOTNOTES
*10 Rashi citing the Talmud asks
------------------------------------------------
But if the law applies to HUNTED or DOMISTICATED
(non-hunted) animals why does the bible use the
phrase HUNT alltogether? ANSWER: The Bible speaks
about a TYPICAL SITUATION: One normally should not
eat meat except on special occassions and after
significant work like a hunt
------------------------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
LIGHTNING SUMMARIES
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Lightning summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10
# LIST BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES
7 854x DAYS OF 1st FRUIT=harvest season;land EATS PEOPLE=plague ridden
1 210x Journey away(N14-25a) lest Amalyk defeat you (Nu14-42:45)
7 955z ZEMORAH=grape VINE; ESCHKOL=grape CLUSTER
7 871O Spies went to SOUTH/CHEVRON=Burial plot=saw WORST OF LAND 1st
20 150a We will GO UP GO UP and conquer=we will win war NO MATTER WHAT
COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.

All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =====================================
Nu13-17a WORD MEANING Go to south/chevron=bad land 1st
Nu13-20b NEW MEANINGS land eats people=plague ridden
Nu13-32a NEW MEANINGS land eats people=plague ridden
Nu13-23a SYNONYMS ZEMORAH=vine; ESHCOL=cluster
Nu13-30c REPETITION GO UP GO UP--win war no matter what
Nu14-25a OTHER VERSES Journey away--cause Amalayk will win
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#