Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 26 Number 10 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h26n10.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Jun 22 nd, 2005 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
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VERSE: Nu13-20b
RASHIS COVERED: Nu13-32a Nu13-20b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main goals is the explanation of meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING. Rashi had 10 vehicles by which to explain words. Rashi frequently explains not, word meaning, but rather phrase meaning. That is each particular word in the phrase may have a known meaning but the collection of words together form a NEW IDIOMATIC MEANING. We call this the NEW MEANING or the IDIOM SUBMETHOD. EXAMPLE: Nu13-20b ----------------- Verse Nu13-20 states -------------------------------- ...these were the DAYS OF FIRST FRUIT OF GRAPES -------------------------------- Rashi explains this idiom. The phrase means ---------------------------------- the GRAPE HARVEST SEASON ---------------------------------- EXAMPLE Nu13-32a ---------------- Nu13-32 cites the spies as describing Israel as -------------------------------- a land that EATS ITS INHABITANTS -------------------------------- Rashi explains this idiom as meaning ------------------------------------ a PLAGUE RIDDEN LAND ------------------------------------ LIST854x below presents other examples of Biblical idioms. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NEW MEANINGS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST854x | |
List of | Biblical idioms(eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of Biblical idioms..eg FROM DAYS DAYS=YEARLY LIST854x continues LIST854d LIST854z LIST854y | ||||
VERSE | BIBLICAL PHRASE | TRANSLATION | NOTES | |
Nu13-20b | DAYS OF GRAPE 1st FRUIT | GRAPE HARVEST SEASON | ||
Nu13-32a | Land EATS INHABITANTS | PLAGUE RIDDEN LAND | ||
Lv25-23b | Dont STICK THE SALE | Dont sell PERMANANTLY | No redeem | |
Lv26-17a | PLACE FACE*1 | Total attention/focus | to punish | |
Lv13-12a | HEAD to FOOT Whole bod | y | ||
Gn37-26b | COVER BLOOD | conceal MURDER | ||
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*1 Rashi, Lv26-17h points out that the phrase ------------- PLACE MY FACE ------------- means -------------- FULL ATTENTION -------------- whether - for good, to reward - for bad, to punish. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu14-25a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- A powerful but simple Rashi method is the CITATION or CROSS- REFERENCING of an OTHER VERSE for the purpose of adding FURTHER DETAILS to a verse we are studying. We call this the Rashi METHOD of OTHER VERSES and the Rashi submethod of FURTHER DETAILS EXAMPLE Nu14-25a ---------------- Nu14-25 states -------------------------------- The Amalykites are in the valley [therefore] journey away from here tomorrow -------------------------------- Rashi explains the causal connection between the presence of the Amalykites and the need to journey by citing Nu14-42:45 ------------------------------------- Moses told the people do not go up to conquer Israel since God is angry with you...don't violate God's will ---you will not be successful...if you go up the Amalykite will defeat you... the nation did not listen...they went up and the Amalykite in the mountain came down and defeated them -------------------------------------- Thus this OTHER VERSE sheds light on why they had to JOURNEY---they would be defeated if they stayed. LIST210x presents many examples of verses illumined by other verses | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | FURTHER DETAILS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #1 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST210x | |
List of verses pairs | with one verse illuminating another |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses pairs with one verse illuminating another LIST210x CONTINUES LIST210a LIST210z LIST210y | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | OTHER VRSE | DETAILS | |
Nu14-25a | journey away from here | Nu14-42:45 | Amalyk will defeat u | |
Nu12-08c | See GODS PICTURE | Ex33-23 | See God-s back | |
Nu12-12b | Don-t make us LIKE DEAD | Lv13-45:46 | LIKE LEPOR*1 | |
Nu02-02c | OPPOSITE the Temple | Jo03-04 | 2000 Cubits | |
Lv27-10a | GOOD:BAD sacrifice | Lv22-18:20 | BAD=BLEMISHED | |
Gn45-18a | I-ll give BEST OF LAND | Gn47-11 | BEST OF LAND=Ramsyth | |
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*1 Unlike other cases of ritual impurity the Lepor is - ostracized from all his friends - must declare himself impure and separate himself Hence he is like someone dead (that is like a dead body he is REPULSIVE)*10 --------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES --------------------- *10 Rashi gives an alternate argument ----------------------------------------------------- Both the LEPOR and DEAD transmit a status of ritual impurity to a person who merely walks into the same room with them ----------------------------------------------------- However we would summarize this Rashi argument as follows --------------------------------------------------------- Both the LEPOR and DEAD are considered REPULSIVE. Hence - merely being in the same room with them confers impurity - People AVOID both the LEPOR and DEAD BODY --------------------------------------------------------- Such an approach to Rashi is deeper and more satisfying and sheds light on the analogy. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu13-23a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this the WORD MEANING method. Rashi had 10 vehicles to explain meaning. The SYNONYM submethod takes words with known meanings and shows the similarity and nuances in each term. EXAMPLE: Nu13-23a ----------------- - The word ZMoRaH means a GRAPE VINE - The word EshKoL means a GRAPE CLUSTER LIST955z below presents other Rashis focusing on Biblical synonyms | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | SYNONYMS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST955z | |
List of | Synonym pairs |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of Synonym pairs LIST955z continues LIST955a | ||||
VERSE | WORD | BASIC IDEA | NUANCES | |
Nu13-23a | ZMoRaH | Grapes | Grape VINE | |
Nu13-23 | EshKoL | Grapes | Grape CLUSTER | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Lv22-18a | NDR*13 | Donation | VOW-eg I-ll bring a sacrifice | |
Lv22-18b | NDBH | Donation | DONATION-eg Donate Tmpl money | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Lv22-22a | &WRT | Blind | Feminine form | |
- - - - | &WR | Blind | Masculine form | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Lv13-45a | PRM | Tear | tear ON SEAM | |
- - - - | QR& | Tear | GENERAL tear | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Ex28-28c | XBR | Unite | Unite | |
- - - - | RKS | Unite | Unite by TIGHTENING*8 | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Nu17-21a | TWK | In | Centrally in *7 | |
- - - - | Beth | In | In | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Gn01-11a | D$A | FIELD | MEADOW*6 | |
- - - - | &SW | FIELD | GRASS*6 | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt28-68a | ANIH | BOAT | Both words mean boat *5 | |
- - - - | SFINH | BOAT | Both words mean boat *5 | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt18-03c | Z-R-A | HAND/THROW | ZRA=arm; ZRA=to scatter | |
-------- | Y-D-H | HAND/THROW | YD=hand; YDH=to throw | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt13-06a | S-R-H | FABRICATE | it is REMOVED from reality*4 | |
-------- | B-D-A | FABRICATE | it is ISOLATED from reality | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt05-17b | A-V-H | DESIRE*3 | desire in ONES HEART-FANTASIZ | |
Ex20-17 | X-M-D | DESIRE*3 | COVET-desire ACQUISITION | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt11-25c | P-X-D | FEAR | IMMEDIATE Fear-Good pimples*1 | |
Dt11-25d | M-R-H | FEAR | ANXIETY-LONG TERM Fear-vision | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
Dt11-14c | I-R-H | RAIN*2 F | IRST rain-IMPREGNATES ground | |
Dt11-14d | MLK$ | RAIN*2 | FINAL rain-SOFTENS Ground | |
------- | ----- | ------ | ---------------------- | |
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*1 Also Rashi Dt11-25b. It seems reasonable that - P-Ch-D comes from Poh-Chad - SHARP and would refer to e.g. getting GOOSE PIMPLES (Sharpnesses in skin) from fear - MoRaH comes from Y-R-A = vision = LONG TERM apprehension over the future.*10 *2 - YOREH seems to comes from HRH to make pregnant. It would look at the rain as ENABLING the seeds to grow - MALKOSH seesm to come from LKSH - TO THE HARD(KSH) GRAIN and would refer to a final softening rain before the produce. See LIST910i *11 *3 It is hard to absolutely prove that - A-V-H means FANTASIZE vs - Ch-M-D means DESIRE ACQUISITION The verses show that - A-V-H is an act of the HEART while - Ch-M-D is focused on ACQUIRING OBJECTS See LIST955h for further details (Also see Rashi Gn27-15a Gn03-06c Gn03-06d) *4 On Dt19-16a Rashi gives an example of REMOVED/FABRICATED Testimony--when eg witnesses testify to a murder in NY and other witnesses come stating that the 1st witnesses were with them in Chicago at the time of witnessing--thus the murder testimony is totally removed from the real word *5 Undoubtedly there is probably a subtle difference between ANIH/SFINH but it is not possible to determine this from verses. An interesting statistical note is the following - SFINH occurs ONCE in the Bible - ANIH occurs 3 dozen times in the Bible - But in Biblical times the frequencies were reversed Hence, Rashi, in explaining the more frequently occurring ANIH was responding to the rarity of this word IN HIS TIME *6 - GRASS can refer to MANY or SINGULAR grass - MEADOW only refers to a WHOLE MEADOW of GRASS *7 TWK verses Beth (CENTRALLY IN vs IN) explains several Rashis: Nu17-21a Gn02-09b Ex24-1a Lv24-10c Gn01-06b Nu35-34a See LIST955j *8 Hence - Ex28-28c TIGHTEN the AYFOD garment - P031-21 Save me from GANGS(people TIGHTELY together) - Is40-04 God will smooth the TIGHT mountains (Rashi explains that TIGHT MOUNTAINS are mountains close together with deep georges between them)*12 | ||||
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*10 The reader need NOT believe the above etymologies For frequently Rashi explains synonyms without reference to etymologies and even without reference to verses. However some of the above etymologies seem reasonable and may enrich our appreciation of the synonyms. *11 Rashi gives another etymology from the Aramaic. However in this list we advocate the 2nd explanation of Rashi over the 1st. Furthermore in this particular case the 2nd explanation comes internally from Hebrew while the 1st Rashi explanation INFERS usage from Aramaic but does not EXPLAIN it. *12 Rashi translates RKS as UNITE. I have examined the verses and think the nuances of TIGHTEN-which is a particular form of tightening is more precise Rashi and my analysis apparently override the RADACK who translates (from context) RKS as meaning HIGH. Compare - RAISE the AYFOD (By tightening it) - Save me from HAUGHTY people - God will smooth the HIGH mountains *13 Rashi brings several distinctions on the nuances between VOWS vs DONATIONS - VOWS are PERSONAL (eg I will bring...) - DONATIONS are OBJECT oriented (eg This material is to Tmpl) - VOWS come for OFFERINGS - DONATIONS come for TEMPLE repairs - VOWS come for personal EXPIATION - DONATIONS do not come personal EXPIATION Rashi in fact notes that the word FOR EXPIATION (Resh-Tzade-Hey) does occur in Lv22-23. However this is just an accident. The main Rashi point comes from the VOW:DONATION difference---in English also - VOW has personal connotation (I undertake..) while - DONATION has object connotation (this item goes to..) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu13-17a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- The METONOMY method seeks to obtain meaning by equating a word or phrase with something RELATED. For example AMERICA defeated IRAQ really means that the AMERICAN PEOPLE defeated the IRAQii PEOPLE. It is common in POETRY to use phrases to indicate something related. I call this the method of METONOMIC PHRASES. EXAMPLE Nu13-17a ---------------- Nu13-17 describes the journey of the spies ---------------------------- and they went on the south towards chevron.... ---------------------------- Rashi comments ------------------------------------------------ Chevron is a burial place (eg Gn23-19:20) Burial plots are typically the most inferior land (You dont use good land for burial plots) So the point is that the spies first encountered the bad parts of Israel and later they could see the good parts of Israel This is common in commerce....you keep the very good stuff to the end...you try and get bids on the bad stuff...then you show good stuff and try and get a higher bid (As it is...Chevron which is ONLY a burial plot has quite good land) ------------------------------------------------ Rashi here uses the principle of PHRASE METONOMY: The verse THEY WENT TO THE SOUTH TO CHEVRON means THEY WENT TO THE POOR QUALITY LAND FIRST In other words the SOUTH/CHEVRON is interpreted in terms of the attributes which are RELATED TO IT (And naming something by RELATION is called METONOMY) See LIST871O for a list of METONOMIC POETIC PHRASES | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | WORD MEANINGS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 8 METHODS OF NAMING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #7 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST871O | |
List of verses with | Metonomic Phrases(Poetic Hinting) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses with Metonomic Phrases(Poetic Hinting) | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | RELATED TO | INDICATES | |
Nu13-17a | they went to SOUTH/CHEVRON | burial place | poor land*2 | |
Gn49-11c | wash clothes in wine | wine abundance | BLESSING | |
Lv26-26c | 10 women cook in one stove | wood drought | CURSE | |
Lv26-10a | consume very old grain | well preserved | BLESSING | |
Lv26-10b | remove old grain for new | grain abundance | BLESSING | |
Gn49-12b | white teeth from milk | abundance | BLESSING | |
Nu11-31c | Meat was 2 CUBITS HIGH | ARMS REACH | Accessible*1 | |
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*1 Meat could just be grabbed without bending down or exertion A punchy description of obese people who want to grab meat without doing any work or exercise. *2 It is common in commerce to show the poor goods first (to try and get a good bid from the buyer...then you show him the really good material) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Nu13-30c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashi's 10 major methods is the study of FORMATTING effects that indicate emphasis. We call this the Rashi method of FORMATTING. Modern authors have a variety of methods to indicate FORMATTING such as a) bold-underline-italics, b) bullets, c) paragraphing. Modern authors use bold-underline-italics to indicate emphasis. The Biblical authors use REPETITION to indicate emphasis. We call this the Rashi sub-method of REPETITION. EXAMPLE Nu13-30c ---------------- The following verse repeats a word ----------------------------------------------------- And Caleb quited the nation towards Moses (and said: We will GO UP GO UP and conquer the land because we can do it ----------------------------------------------------- Rashi commenting on the phrase GO UP GO UP states --------------------------------------- Even if the Canaanites build a space station for defense we will GO UP and defeat them --------------------------------------- Rashi of course is using the technique of EXAGGERATION He really is interpreting the repeated phrase as follows ---------------------------------------------- No matter what military tactics they employ we WILL GO UP (in all events) and CONQUER them ---------------------------------------------- LIST150a below presents other examples where verses are interpreted broadly because of a REPETITION. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | REPETITION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | BROAD | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #20 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST150a | |
List of verses with | REPEATED words interpreted broadly |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted broadly | |||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | EMPHASIS...DO IT... | |
Nu13-30c | we-ll GO UP GO UP | we-ll WIN WAR no matter what | |
Lv20-09a | PARENTS...PARENTS | EVEN after death | |
Lv19-22a | the SIN HE SINNED | WHETHER willful or inadvertent | |
Dt13-16a | HIT HIT by sword | EVEN by Fire | |
Dt15-08b | GIVE GIVE charity | EVEN by loaning | |
Dt16-20a | PURSUE PURSUE Justice | EVEN for mistaken aquitals | |
Ex12-09c | COOK COOK in water | EVEN in other liquids | |
Lv13-35a | SPREAD SPREAD after OK | EVEN if SPREAD while impure | |
Lv17-13a | HUNT A HUNT*10 | EVEN for a non-hunted animal | |
------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------- | |
Nu05-22c | women says AMEN AMEN*5 | Adultery from marriage:engaged | |
Lv25-26c | no menial work(repeat) | Master to slave;King to subjct | |
Lv20-02b | EXECUTE EXECUTE | EVEN by the masses*1 | |
Lv07-19b | MEAT:all MEAT eatable | Even if PART of organ bad*3 | |
Lv05-15b | TRESPASS TRESPASS tmpl | Not only eating;any benefit*2 | |
Lv13-44a | DECLARE DECLARE impure | EVEN if not a head leprosy*4 | |
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*1 Supported by Dt17-06:07 which states -------------------------------------- ..first the witnesses execute...then the people execute -------------------------------------- *2 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lv05-02a.htm for a full discussion of the three Rashi methods connected with this verse. *3 e.g. If PART of meat fell outside temple (and is thereby impure) then you can still eat the part of the meat that remained inside the temple (even though the two parts are connected) *4 The text of Lv13-32:45 is as follows ---------------------------------------------------- If on his baldness there is pinkish affiction then leprosy is sprouting in his baldness; the priest reviews and confirms the pinkish affliction in his baldness just like skin leprosy...[then] this person is leprousand is ritually impure; the priest shall DECLARE DECLARE him impure and the lepor with the affliction: his garments shall be rent and his head left wild.... ----------------------------------------------------- The words DECLARE DECLARE encourage a BROAD interpretation of this chapter: The requirements of declaration, garment renting and head left wild apply not only to the subject of the chapter---a bald person with leprosy---but apply to ANY lepor *5 Rashi actually brings down THREE consequences of the broad interpretation emanating from the repeated word ------------------------------------------------------ The word AMEN signifies acceptance of an oath of curse - ACCEPTANCE whether she committed adultery from the suspected person OR from any other person - ACCEPTANCE whether she cheated while married or whether she cheated while (BiblicallY) engaged - ACCEPTANCE of both the OATH (I didnt commit adultery) as well as the consequent CURSE (May I be punished if I did commit adultery) ------------------------------------------------------ From these three distinct interpretations we infer that the basic idea of Rashi is that ----------------------------------- The repetition indicates ACCEPTANCE IN ALL CIRCUMSTANCES ----------------------------------- | |||
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*10 Rashi citing the Talmud asks ------------------------------------------------ But if the law applies to HUNTED or DOMISTICATED (non-hunted) animals why does the bible use the phrase HUNT alltogether? ANSWER: The Bible speaks about a TYPICAL SITUATION: One normally should not eat meat except on special occassions and after significant work like a hunt ------------------------------------------------ |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lightning summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
7 | 854x | DAYS OF 1st FRUIT=harvest season;land EATS PEOPLE=plague ridden | |
1 | 210x | Journey away(N14-25a) lest Amalyk defeat you (Nu14-42:45) | |
7 | 955z | ZEMORAH=grape VINE; ESCHKOL=grape CLUSTER | |
7 | 871O | Spies went to SOUTH/CHEVRON=Burial plot=saw WORST OF LAND 1st | |
20 | 150a | We will GO UP GO UP and conquer=we will win war NO MATTER WHAT | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Nu13-17a | WORD MEANING | Go to south/chevron=bad land 1st | |
Nu13-20b | NEW MEANINGS | land eats people=plague ridden | |
Nu13-32a | NEW MEANINGS | land eats people=plague ridden | |
Nu13-23a | SYNONYMS | ZEMORAH=vine; ESHCOL=cluster | |
Nu13-30c | REPETITION | GO UP GO UP--win war no matter what | |
Nu14-25a | OTHER VERSES | Journey away--cause Amalayk will win | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#