Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 27 Number 13 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h27n13.htm ----------------------------------- Produced September 28 th, 2005 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt31-29a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
One of Rashis 10 major methods is the explanation of apparently CONTRADICTORY verses. We call this the CONTRADICTION method. Rashi had 3 methods to resolve CONTRADICTORY BIBLICAL TEXTS - the two texts reflect 2 STAGES of 1 process - the two texts reflect 2 ASPECTS of 1 state - the two texts use BROAD-LITERAL interpretation EXAMPLE 1: Dt31-29a ------------------- Dt31-29 states ------------------------------------------- For I(Moses) know that AFTER MY DEATH you will behave destructively and depart from the path that God commanded ------------------------------------------- Jo24-31 states ------------------------------------------ The Jewish people served God all the days of the Joshua and the elders who knew Gods Strong Hand ------------------------------------------ So - one verse says the Jews observed Gods laws after Moses death - the other verse says the Jews will break the Law after death Rashi resolves the contradiction by broadly interpreting a person to mean BOTH him and his SCHOOL of followers. In other words Rashi interprets Dt31-29a as follows ---------------------------------------------------- - For I know that - After I AND MY DISCIPILES DIE - you will behave destructively - and depart from the path that God commanded ---------------------------------------------------- Thus Rashi resolves this CONTRADICTION using the BROAD-LITERAL method. LIST520a gives examples of CONTRADICTIONS resolved thru BROAD LITERAL | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | CONTRADICTION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | BROAD-LITERAL | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #17 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST520a | |
A list of verse pairs | with BROAD-LITERAL usage |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
A list of verse pairs with BROAD-LITERAL usage | |||
VERSE-1 | VERSE-2 | HOW THE TWO TEXTS ARE COMBINED | |
Dt28-30b | Jo24-31 | After I(Moses) & MY STUDENTS DIE you-ll sin | |
Dt28-30a | Lv19-24 | HOLY in 4th-no eat;DESCECRATE=can eat in 5th | |
Nu22-34a | Nu24-16 | Claimed to know God but donkey knew more*4 | |
Nu22-29b | Nu22-05 | Asked to curse Jews but cant kill donkey*3 | |
Lv07-19c | Dt12-27 | All PURE PEOPLE whom the owner DESIGNATESeat | |
Lv06-22a | Lv06-19 | All MALE PRIESTS who COULD OFFER may eat*2 | |
Ex21-06 | Lv25-10 | Slave works FOREVER = Till 50th Jubilee year | |
Ex11-08a | Ex12-30 | Your SERVANTS=ROYAL PRESENCE shall expel me | |
Ex12-19a | Ex13-07 | Prohibits bread in your HOUSE/BORDERS=DOMAIN | |
Dt15-17 | Lv25-10 | Slaves work FOREVER=A LONG TIME=TILL JUBILEE | |
Lv07-09 | Lv07-10 | The PRIEST=DIVSION OF PRIEST,gets sacrifice | |
Lv04-03 | Lv04-03 | A Young ADULT Bullock = BEGINNING ADULTHOOD | |
Lv10-02 | Lv10-05 | Died from FIRE=SPIRITUAL FIRE*1 | |
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*1 Hence the fire did not burn their clothes The idea that the FIRES mentioned in Dt05 or Ex20 was the FIRE OF PROPHECY vs REAL FIRE is supported by many verses and themes (Dt05-21). There are other Biblical supports for this idea but this will suffice for now.*10 *2 Also echoed in Rashi Lv07-07b (OFFERING PRIEST means PRIESTS WHO COULD OFFER) *3 Thus the request to kill the Jews is seen as a WISH (BROAD interpretation)not as something real *4 That Bilam didnt know what his donkey knew is interpreted literally. That he claimed to know Gods thoughts is considered a LIE(Broad, non- literal interpretation). | |||
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*10 It does not detract from the greatness of the miracle of revelation that the FIRE means FIRE OF PROPHECY. For Judaism does not view Gods greatness in His ability to make a mountain smoke with Fire. Rather Judaism views Gods greatness in His ability to make people burn with Spiritual Prophecy |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt31-12a
RASHIS COVERED: Dt31-12a Dt31-12b Dt31-12c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the alignment, that is, the word by word comparison, of almost identical verses. The minor variations between these almost similar verses suggests nuances and differences or even meaning. We call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT -When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES -When Rashi infers nuances from the variations betweent the almost similar verses we call this the Rashi subrule of NUANCES. -When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING. EXAMPLE Dt31-12a,b,c -------------------- Dt31-12:13 speak about ------------------------------------------------------------ Gathering the people to hear the reading of the law Dt31-12 Men Women Infants Aliens-to HEAR,LEARN,FEAR,OBSERVE Dt31-13 --------- Children -------to HEAR,LEARN,FEAR,------ ------------------------------------------------------------ Rashi (paraphrased) ---------------------------------------------------- Notice how OBSERVE is absent in Dt31-13 which speaks about - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Their CHILDREN WHO DO NOT YET KNOW - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Thus - ADULTS come to HEAR-LEARN-FEAR-OBSERVE - CHILDREN come to HEAR-LEARN-FEAR We can generalize this approach of the verse that - different groups (Adults, children, aliens, women) - come for different purposes. Namely - WOMEN comes principally to HEAR-LEARN-FEAR (and observe their commandments) - INFANTS come to enable those who bring them to obtain reward - ALIENS come to learn to REVERE and respect prophecy (Not in the verse or Rashi but logical). From this verse I infer that the Noachides BESIDES having 7 laws also have an 8th law----to respect prophetic orders (else how could they be held accountable for their actions). --------------------------------------------------- The basic thrust of Rashi is that the ALIGNMENT teaches us that - DIFFERENT GROUPS - COME FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES. Rashi (and I) then state how this general principle is implemented. Even if you disagree with my interpretation the IDEA of assigning roles to each person is fundamental. LIST309b below summarizes this argument | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NUANCES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #11 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST309b | |
Alignment of clauses in | Dt31-12:13:MEN/WOMEN/INFANT-HEAR/DO |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||||||||
Alignment of clauses in Dt31-12:13:MEN/WOMEN/INFANT-HEAR/DO | ||||||||||
Verse*1 | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | #7 | #8 | #9 | |
Dt31-12 | Men | Women | Infants | Aliens | to | HEAR | LEARN | FEAR | OBSERVE | |
Dt31-13 | Children | to | HEAR | LEARN | FEAR | ------- | ||||
Differs | *2 | *2 | *2 | *2 | *3 | *4 | *4 | *4 | *4 | |
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*1 The verse speaks about the ritual of ---------------------------------------------------- Gathering the people to hear the reading of the law once every 7 years ---------------------------------------------------- *2 Dt31-12 speaks about the 4 groups - MEN WOMEN INFANTS ALIENS Dt31-13 speaks only about CHILDREN *3 The same in each verse *4 Notice how MEN come to HEAR LEARN FEAR OBSERVE while CHILDREN WHO DO NOT YET KNOW come to HEAR-LEARN-FEAR Thus the extra word OBSERVE is conspicuously added to Dt31-12. From this difference Rashi infers the fundamental principle that - Different groups - come for different purposes.*10 | ||||||||||
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*10 From the verse we can explicitly infer that - ADULTS come to HEAR-LEARN-FEAR-OBSERVE - CHILDREN come to HEAR-LEARN-FEAR We can then generalize this approach of the verse that - different groups (Adults, children, aliens, women) - come for different purposes. Namely - WOMEN comes principally to HEAR-LEARN-FEAR (and observe their commandments) - INFANTS come to enable those who bring them to obtain reward - ALIENS come to learn to REVERE and respect prophecy (Not in the verse or Rashi but logical). From this verse I infer that the Noachides BESIDES having 7 laws also have an 8th law----to respect prophetic orders (else how could they be held accountable for their actions). The basic thrust of Rashi is that the ALIGNMENT teaches us that - DIFFERENT GROUPS - COME FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES. Rashi (and I) then state how this general principle is implemented. Even if you disagree with my interpretation the IDEA of assigning roles to each person is fundamental. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Dt29-10z
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 major goals is to explain grammar the same way modern textbooks explain grammar. One goal of grammar is to clarify the meanings and usage of SPECIAL WORDS. We call this the Rashi METHOD/SUBMETHOD of GRAMMAR / SPECIAL CONNECTIVE WORDS(ON,TO,FOR,...) The word ALSO in Hebrew and English has 3 meanings: LIST005k brings verses with all 3 uses of ALSO (a)extra object, (b) derived object and (c) similar relationship) The Rashi today is unusual. Rashi does - not make an inference from this verse Dt29-10a - but rather makes an inference from Jo09-04 and applies this inference to our verse Jo09 talks about how the Givonim fooled Joshua--- they dressed up and made believe they came from a far-away place. The purpose of the deceipt was to get Joshua to make a treaty with them. Joshua honored his treaty but made the Givonim water drawers and log cutters. Jo09-04 states ---------------------------------------------- And they(The Givonim) ALSO behaved deceiptfully and they came to Joshua.... ---------------------------------------------- Rashi interprets the word ALSO to indicate that similar acts of deceipt happened in the times of Moses. Rashi states on Dt29-10a --------------------------------------------- Dt29-10a speaks about the people standing before God---from the WOOD CUTTERS to the WATER DRAWERS. Just as Joshua made the Givonim water drawers but kept the treaty which they earned thru deceipt so too other nations came in the time of Moses (We don't know who), deceived Moses, who made a treaty, honored it but made these people WOOD CUTTERS and WATER DRAWERS. ---------------------------------------------- Rashi's inference is CONJECTURAL but reasonable and based on the ALSO in Jo09-04 which indicates that SOMEONE else did a similar thing (deceipt, treaty and WOOD CUTTERS) LIST005k below presents many Rashis on the word ALSO | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | SPECIAL CONNECTIVE WORDS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | CONNECTIVE WORDS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #8 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST005k | |
A list of verses with | ALSO used in three ways | |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses with ALSO used in three ways*10 | ||||
VERSE | THEME | TEXT | ALSO | |
Jo09-04 | Extra Object | They ALSO deceiv | Other NATIONS deceiv*13 | |
Ex19-22a | Extra Object | PRIESTS separate | FIRSTBORN separate*1 | |
Ex12-31b | Extra Object | YOU leave | ELDERS leave | |
Ex18-18b | Extra Object | YOU will wither | ELDERS will wither | |
Dt26-13c | Extra Object | Give MAASER | Give TERUMAH | |
Gn15-14a | Extra Object | Egypt punished | 4 Kingdoms punished*2 | |
------ | --------- | ------------ | -------------- | |
Gn17-16b | Derived Object | Sarah has child | has nursing capacity*9 | |
Dt22-22a | Derived object | ADULTERERS die | FOETUS dies | |
Ex12-31c | Derived object | JEWS will leave | INFANTS will leave | |
Ex06-04a | Derived Object | VISION of God | TREATY of God | |
Dt12-31a | Derived Object | Offer CHILDREN | Offer PARENTS | |
Gn42-22a | Derived object | JOSEPH's blood | JACOB'S blood | |
Gn19-21a | Derived object | Spare LOT | Spare his CITY | |
Dt23-19c | Derived object | Hire of WHEAT | FLOUR also prohibited | |
Gn27-45b | Derived object | Lose CHILDREN | Lose their FOLLOWERS*11 | |
--------- | ---------- | -------------- | ----------------------- | |
Nu04-02a | Relational*12 | Census GERSHON | Census 3TRIBES same way | |
Ex06-04a | Relational*3 | Mshe/Abrm propht | Long term/not immediate | |
Ex06-05a | Relational*3 | Mshe/Abrm propht | Long term/not immediate | |
Gn07-03a | Relational*4 | 7 Kosher;2 Traif | ditto animals/birds | |
Gn30-03b | Relational*5 | Hagar/Sarah bore | Bilhah/Rachel bore | |
Gn29-27c | Relational*6 | Marry Leah now | Marry Rachel now | |
Gn27-33d | Relational*7 | You are blessed | He is blessed anyway | |
Nu11-04b | Relational*8 | Complain / Cry | non-jews / Jews | |
Gn44-10a | Relational | He dies/We slave | He slave/We free | |
Gn30-30b | Relational | Amass food/wealth | For Laban/Myself | |
Ex07-23a | Relational | Hardened heart | Didn't pay attention | |
Nu22-19a | Relational | Stay tonight/gone | 1st group / 2nd group | |
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*1 Here is the way to use this list. We use the first row Verse Column ------------ First we look up the verse Ex19-22a AND ALSO THE PRIESTS WILL SEPARATE. Text Column ----------- We see the text---- PRIESTS separate. Also Column ----------- This column indicates that ALSO includes the FIRSTBORN (who functioned as priests). So the verse is read as follows -------------------------------------------- God told Moses: The Priests ALSO (besides the firstborn) will separate -------------------------------------------- In other words the word ALSO is interpreted to include the FIRSTBORN besides the PRIEST. The FIRSTBORN are EXTRA to the priest. To make this easier to see I have CAPPED both FIRSTBORN and PRIESTS. *2 So here without the word ALSO I would say that God punishes nations which subjugate us. With the word ALSO I say that God both punishes the nation AND with 10 plagues AND with letting the Jews out with wealth. *3 God criticized Moses for wanting an IMMEDIATE fulfillment of the prophecy that the Jews will be redeemed. God said I ALSO gave prophecies to the Patriarchs (And they did not demand immediate fulfillment) *4 7:2--7 Kosher animals vs 2 non-kosher animals-- is only mentioned by the ANIMALS. The word ALSO implies the 7:2 ratio was preserved by the birds ALSO. *5 Just as when Sarah couldn't have children she gave her husband(Abraham) her maid (Hagar) so too when Rachel could have children she gave her husband her maid *6 Laban had tricked Jacob into marrying Leah vs. Rachel. *7 Jacob had tricked Isaac into blessing him. Isaac says he is ALSO blessed. In other words, EVEN if he hadnt tricked me he would still be blessed. *8 The Non-jews complained about the lack of food in the desert. The verse continues THEY RETURNED AND COMPLAINED, ALSO THE JEWS. The word ALSO connotes that the Jews complained with the same cynicism as the non-jews. *9 Gn21-27 confirms this since it states ------------------------------------------------ Who would have expected Sarah to NURSE CHILDREN ------------------------------------------------ The plural CHILDREN connotes that Sarah nursed the children of several women at the birthday party. | ||||
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*10 The three methods are - ALSO connotes an EXTRA extraneous object - ALSO connotes a DERIVED object - ALSO connotes a SIMILAR RELATIONSHIP or method See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/dt23-19c.htm for a previous presentation of this list *11 The argument is that if - Esauv tries to Kill Jacob - Jacob will defend himself and kill Esauv first - But then Esauv-s followers will kill Jacob - And Jacobs followers will kill Esauvs followers - and the two groups of followers will fight Rashi cites an obscure Talmudic passage from Sotah that both Jacob and Esauv died on the same day---but this Homily is clearly allegorical--furthermore the Talmud refutes this and claims that they were buried on the same day (But died on different days) *12 Rashis point is as follows - Nu04-02:03 (Census KEHATHITES) - Nu04-22:23 (Census GERSHONITES) - Nu04-29:30 (Census MERRARITES) All three verse pairs require census but their language differs slightly. Hence the word ALSO indicates that the three tribes are all COUNTED the same way. *13 Jo09 talks about how the Givonim fooled Joshua--- they dressed up and made believe they came from a far-away place. The purpose of the deceipt was to get Joshua to make a treaty with them. Joshua honored his treaty but made the Givonim water drawers and log cutters. Jo09-04 states ---------------------------------------------- And they(The Givonim) ALSO behaved deceiptfully and they came to Joshua.... ---------------------------------------------- Rashi interprets the word ALSO to indicate that similar acts of deceipt happened in the times of Moses. Rashi states on Dt29-10a --------------------------------------------- Dt29-10a speaks about the people standing before God---from the WOOD CUTTERS to the WATER DRAWERS. Just as Joshua made the Givonim water drawers but kept the treaty which they earned thru deceipt so too other nations came in the time of Moses (We don't know who), deceived Moses, who made a treaty, honored it but made these people WOOD CUTTERS and WATER DRAWERS. ---------------------------------------------- Rashi's inference is CONJECTURAL but reasonable and based on the ALSO in Jo09-04 which indicates that SOMEONE else did a similar thing (deceipt, treaty and WOOD CUTTERS) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
A list of verses Where AYIN-LAMED-means FOR/TO | ||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE: AYIN-LAMED means FOR/TO | |
Nu06-17a | Offer a Shlamim FOR the sake of the bread | |
Ex30-16a | Donate it FOR the temple service | |
Lv23-18a | and offer FOR the bread, 7 lambs... | |
Ex29-36a | Make a sin offering FOR atonement | |
Ex30-16b | designate the silver FOR temple stands | |
Ex28-22a | Place--FOR the Choshen--two rings | |
Ex28-23a | Make---FOR the CHOSHEN *2 | |
Nu04-26a | The yard-cover door FOR the Temple & Altar | |
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Gn24-30a | He was standing FOR the Camels*1 | |
Gn38-12a | He went up to Timnasa to be FOR his sheep*1 | |
Gn34-27a | They came FOR the corpses(& booty)*1 | |
-------- | ------------------------------------------- | |
Dt11-29b | Give the blessing TOWARDS Mount Grizim | |
Ex25-37b | illuminate TOWARDS the SIDE OF HER FACE | |
Ex09-22a | Waive your hand TOWARDS heaven*3 | |
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*1 Cf Gn18-08 Abraham was standing FOR them his guests An alternate approach would be to say that the phrase STAND ON (AYIN LAMED) idiomatically means SERVE *2 Rashi on this verse shows that literal translation of Ex28-23 MAKE ON THE CHOSHEN would lead to contradictions Hence Rashi retranslates AYIN LAMED as FOR vs ON. Hence Rashi translates Ex28-33 as MAKE FOR THE CHOSHEN. We need not go into details here--for our purposes the important point is that AYIN-LAMED can mean FOR. *3 The MIDRASH RABBAH points out that there are two meanings of AYIN LAMED in this verse since it could also mean that Moses should WAIVE HIS HAND CONCERNING HEAVEN(To initiate the plague of boils) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lightning summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
8 | 005k | Givonim ALSO deceived Jews--infer Other nations ALSO deceived | |
11 | 309b | MEN to HEAR-LEARN-FEAR-do;CHILDREN to HEAR-LEARN-FEAR-?? | |
17 | 520a | People rebel after DEATH of MOSES=MOSES & HIS DISCIPLES | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ====================================== | |
Dt29-10z | SPECIAL WORDS | Givonim ALSO fooled Joshua-Others also | |
Dt31-12a | ALIGNMENT | MEN come to OBSERVE;CHILDREN to LEARN | |
Dt31-12b | ALIGNMENT | MEN come to OBSERVE;CHILDREN to LEARN | |
Dt31-12c | ALIGNMENT | MEN come to OBSERVE;CHILDREN to LEARN | |
Dt31-29a | CONTRADICTION | People sin after MOSES & STUDENTS | |
--------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#