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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 27 Number 20
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h27n20.htm
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                     Produced Nov 2 nd, 2005
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc.2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#*#
HELPFUL READING TIPS
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE WHAT SHOULD YOU READ SECTION COLOR
Only 2-3 mintues SUCCINT SUMMARY BROWN
Only 5-8 minutes LISTS BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE
Maybe 20-30 minutes BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION GREEN SECTION
Time to do research SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 Newsletter Bottom
COMMENTS
*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version
For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser

For html or PDF version visit
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm

*2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom:
- LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue)
- OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue)

LONGER FOOTNOTES
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn08-19a
Gn08-19a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04



SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis goals is to make broad DATABASE QUERY exposing
patterns. A DATABASE QUERY is a technical term but very roughly
it refers to looking at a collection of verses,roots or words with
some common feature. The collection of verses may exhibit other
patterns which Rashi points out.

EXAMPLE
-------
We can ask the following QUERY
--------------------------------------------
Gather all verses where the word FAMILY occurs
--------------------------------------------

This list contains Gn08-19a which states
-----------------------------------------------
[When Noah left the ark] all animals BY FAMILY
left the ark with him
-----------------------------------------------

Rashi (paraphrased) comments
-----------------------------------------------
This is the only verse where FAMILY is used
in reference to animals (Typically FAMILY refers
to PEOPLE). This strange anomolous usage points to
an emphasis:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
God as it were made the animals promise not
to sin and only cohabit within their own species
and family
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-----------------------------------------------

Rashi's comment need not be taken literally (Since
animals are usually inter-specie anyway). Rashi's
point emphasizes the sexual corruption of the flood
It was so corrupt that even animals sinned and therefore
they had to promise not to stick to family life!

LIST606f summarizes these arguments.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: DATABASES
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS DATABASES
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #27
SEE BELOW LIST606f
Query of verses which use the word FAMILY(only once by animals)
LIST606f
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Query of verses which use the word FAMILY(only once by animals)
VERSE NAMED/DESIGNATED FOR FUTURE EVENT FUTURE EVENT
Gn08-19 All animals by FAMILY left the ark ANIMAL*1
------ ---------------------------- --------
Gn10-20 This the FAMILY TREE of Cham PEOPLE
Gn24-38 Go to my FAMILY to obtain a wife for my son PEOPLE
Gn28-14 All human FAMILIES will be blessed by Abrhm PEOPLE
Nu01-32 Census count by tribal FAMILY is.... PEOPLE
COMMENTS
*1
Rashi (paraphrased) comments
-----------------------------------------------
This is the only verse where FAMILY is used
in reference to animals (Typically FAMILY refers
to PEOPLE). This strange anomolous usage points to
an emphasis:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
God as it were made the animals promise not
to sin and only cohabit within their own species
and family
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-----------------------------------------------

Rashi's comment need not be taken literally (Since
animals are usually inter-specie anyway). Rashi's
point emphasizes the sexual corruption of the flood
It was so corrupt that even animals sinned and therefore
they had to promise not to stick to family life!
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn09-17a
Gn09-17a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning
the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this
the WORD MEANING method. Rashi used 10 vehicles to explain
meaning.

----------------------------------------------
The SPECIAL WORD submethod of the WORD MEANING method
focuses on the meaning of SPECIAL INDIVIDUAL WORDS
such as ALSO, IF-THEN, etc. Every language has
special words
----------------------------------------------

The word THIS is considered a SPECIAL WORD method.
The word THIS, when used by the Bible, always indicates
some type of pointing. LIST005f below presents several
examples of Biblical verses with the word THIS. In each
case Rashi interprets THIS as indicating some type
of pointing.

For example
- Gn09-17a states that God told Noach
---------------------------------------------
THIS is the sign of the convenant which I
am making with the human race
---------------------------------------------

Rashi comments
--------------------------------------------
The word THIS shows that God SHOWED Noach
an actual RAINBOW which is the sign of the
convenant
--------------------------------------------
LIST005f below presents many examples that use
THIS which Rashi indicates as indicating some type of
POINTING.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: SPECIAL CONNECTIVE WORDS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS CONNECTIVE WORDS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #8
SEE BELOW LIST005f
List of verses with the word THIS(referent,pointer)
LIST005f
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with      the word THIS(referent,pointer)
VERSE VERSE TEXT w THIS How THIS indicates POINTING
Ex15-02d This is my God They pointed heavenward to God
Ex04-02a whats this in hand what is in your hand*1
Ex14-20d this and this didnt the two armies didnt get near
------- ------------------ ------------------------------
Gn09-17a THIS is the sign God showed Noah actual RAINBOW
Ex32-01c This Moses is gone Satan showed image of Moses
Lv11-02d These are Kosher God showed him animal pictures
Nu08-04a This is the make God showed him a Candellabrah
Ex30-13a This should be Tax God showed him a Half Dollar
Dt22-14b THIS WOMAN did.. WOMAN is there and pointed to*6
-------- ----------------- ------------------------------
Ex12-42b THIS night is Gods Referent to Abes DARKNESS vision*2
Nu14-22b tested me THIS 10 Reference to 10 complaints*3
Nu30-02b THIS God says THIS language must be used*4
Gn25-22c WHY THIS ME Refers to her current activities*5
COMMENTS
*1 Rashi also makes  comments on the  deliberate
misspelling of this word. MISSPELLING is a Biblical
technique. The technical name is METAPLASMUS. Examples
may be found in LIST080a which includes Ex04-02a

*2 Gn15-12:14 ....As the sun set a coma fell on Abraham and
all of a sudden a fear, great darkness, fell on him
and God said...Surely know that your descendants will
be foreigners in a land that doesnt belong to them---
and they will be enslaved -- and they will torture
them 400 years--and also the nation they serve I
will judge and then they will leave with a big reward

Thus THIS night of redemption refers to the redemption
mentioned in the above prophecy (Perhaps there is
also a pun on the darkness)

*3 See LIST210c below

*4 In other words the word THIS makes the contents of the
chapter SPECIFIC and FOCUSED...the  exact language
in the chapter must be used in freeing people from
vows (Normally Biblical language are generalized)

For further details see footnote *10

*5 Thus Rivkah had been praying for children....yet
when she experienced the infants fighting each other
in the womb she asked WHY AM I THIS (That is WHY AM
I PRAYING FOR CHILDREN if I go thru this) and the
answer came back that they would be great nations.

*6 Rashi infers from this that in a court case both litigants
must be present when allegations are stated.

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10
Rashi also makes another point: Moses used the
language THIS IS WHAT GOD SAID while other
prophets used the language THUS SAID GOD (THIS
is more specific than THUS).

For a database layout of introductory prophetic phrases
used by MOSES vs OTHER  PROPHETS see LIST605f & LIST605g

It is clear from this list that this rule is only approximate
and not absolute. Hence we believe  that Rashi rejected
this explanation.

In general we believe that Rashis 1st explanation (when
there are 2 explanations) can be refuted and should not
be accepted
LIST955z
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of                  Synonym pairs
LIST955z continues LIST955a
VERSE WORD BASIC IDEA NUANCES
Dt23-02a CtCrsh Testicle CRUSHED testicles(CUT-CRUSH)
Dt23-02b CtSpll Testicle CUT penal shaft(CUT-SPILL)
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Nu22-08c YASHAV location STAY OVER
- - - - AVAR location PASS THRU
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
- - - - YASHAV position SIT
- - - - AMAD position STAND
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Gn32-05a YASHAV residence DWELL
- - - - GUR residence FOREIGNER
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Nu21-20d PISGAH High Cliff
-------- HAR High Mountain
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Nu13-23a ZMoRaH Grapes Grape VINE
Nu13-23 EshKoL Grapes Grape CLUSTER
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Lv22-18a NDR*13 Donation VOW-eg I-ll bring a sacrifice
Lv22-18b NDBH Donation DONATION-eg Donate Tmpl money
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Lv22-22a &WRT Blind Feminine form
- - - - &WR Blind Masculine form
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Lv13-45a PRM Tear tear ON SEAM
- - - - QR& Tear GENERAL tear
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Ex28-28c XBR Unite Unite
- - - - RKS Unite Unite by TIGHTENING*8
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Nu17-21a TWK In Centrally in *7
- - - - Beth In In
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Gn01-11a D$A FIELD MEADOW*6
- - - - &SW FIELD GRASS*6
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt28-68a ANIH BOAT Both words mean boat *5
- - - - SFINH BOAT Both words mean boat *5
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt18-03c Z-R-A HAND/THROW ZRA=arm; ZRA=to scatter
-------- Y-D-H HAND/THROW YD=hand; YDH=to throw
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt13-06a S-R-H FABRICATE it is REMOVED from reality*4
-------- B-D-A FABRICATE it is ISOLATED from reality
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt05-17b A-V-H DESIRE*3 desire in ONES HEART-FANTASIZ
Ex20-17 X-M-D DESIRE*3 COVET-desire ACQUISITION
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt11-25c P-X-D FEAR IMMEDIATE Fear-Good pimples*1
Dt11-25d M-R-H FEAR ANXIETY-LONG TERM Fear-vision
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
Dt11-14c I-R-H RAIN*2 F IRST rain-IMPREGNATES ground
Dt11-14d MLK$ RAIN*2 FINAL rain-SOFTENS Ground
------- ----- ------ ----------------------
COMMENTS
*1 Also Rashi Dt11-25b. It seems reasonable that
- P-Ch-D comes from Poh-Chad - SHARP and would refer to
e.g. getting GOOSE PIMPLES (Sharpnesses in skin) from
fear

- MoRaH comes from Y-R-A = vision = LONG TERM
apprehension over the future.*10


*2 - YOREH seems to comes from HRH to make pregnant. It
would look at the rain as ENABLING the seeds to grow

- MALKOSH seesm to come from LKSH - TO THE HARD(KSH)
GRAIN and would refer to a final softening rain
before the produce. See LIST910i *11


*3 It is hard to absolutely prove that
- A-V-H means FANTASIZE vs
- Ch-M-D means DESIRE ACQUISITION

The verses show that
- A-V-H is an act of the HEART while
- Ch-M-D is focused on ACQUIRING OBJECTS
See LIST955h for further details
(Also see Rashi Gn27-15a Gn03-06c Gn03-06d)

*4 On Dt19-16a Rashi gives an example of REMOVED/FABRICATED
Testimony--when eg witnesses testify to a murder in NY
and other witnesses come stating that the 1st witnesses
were with them in Chicago at the time of witnessing--thus
the murder testimony is totally removed from the real word

*5 Undoubtedly there is probably a subtle difference between
ANIH/SFINH but it is not possible to determine this from
verses. An interesting statistical note is the following
- SFINH occurs ONCE in the  Bible
- ANIH occurs 3 dozen times in the Bible
- But in Biblical times the frequencies were reversed
Hence, Rashi, in explaining the more frequently occurring
ANIH was responding to the rarity of this word IN HIS TIME

*6 - GRASS can refer to MANY or SINGULAR grass
- MEADOW only refers to a WHOLE MEADOW of GRASS


*7 TWK verses Beth (CENTRALLY IN vs IN)
explains several Rashis:
Nu17-21a Gn02-09b Ex24-1a Lv24-10c
Gn01-06b Nu35-34a See LIST955j

*8 Hence
- Ex28-28c TIGHTEN the AYFOD garment
- P031-21  Save me from GANGS(people TIGHTELY together)
- Is40-04  God will smooth the TIGHT mountains
(Rashi explains that TIGHT MOUNTAINS are mountains
close together with deep georges between them)*12

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The reader need NOT believe the above etymologies
For frequently Rashi explains synonyms without
reference to etymologies and even without reference
to verses. However some of the above etymologies seem
reasonable and may enrich our appreciation of the
synonyms.


*11 Rashi gives another etymology from the Aramaic.
However in this list we advocate the 2nd explanation
of Rashi over the 1st. Furthermore in this
particular case the 2nd explanation comes internally
from Hebrew while the 1st Rashi explanation INFERS
usage from Aramaic but does not EXPLAIN it.


*12 Rashi translates RKS as UNITE.
I have examined the verses and think the nuances
of TIGHTEN-which is a particular form of tightening
is more precise

Rashi and my analysis apparently override the
RADACK who translates (from context) RKS as meaning
HIGH. Compare
- RAISE the AYFOD (By tightening it)
- Save me from HAUGHTY people
- God will smooth the HIGH mountains


*13 Rashi brings several distinctions on the nuances
between VOWS vs DONATIONS

- VOWS are PERSONAL (eg I will bring...)
- DONATIONS are OBJECT oriented
(eg This material is to Tmpl)

- VOWS come for OFFERINGS
- DONATIONS come for TEMPLE repairs

- VOWS come for personal EXPIATION
- DONATIONS do not come personal EXPIATION

Rashi in fact notes that the word FOR EXPIATION
(Resh-Tzade-Hey) does occur in Lv22-23. However
this is just an accident. The main Rashi point comes
from the VOW:DONATION difference---in English also
- VOW has personal connotation (I undertake..) while
- DONATION has object connotation (this item goes to..)
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn08-17a
Gn08-17a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals was the resolution of
contradictions. These contradictions typically arise
from two verses stating contradictory things.
We call this the RASHI RULE OF CONTRADICTION.

Rashi had three methods to resolve contradiction. If
the CONTRADICTION could be resolved by viewing the
contradictory verses as two aspects of the same item then
we employ the the TWO ASPECTS method of resolution. If
the CONTRADICTION could be resolved by viewing the
contradictory verses as two stages of the same process then
we employ the TWO STAGES submethod. Finally if the
CONTRADICTION could be resolved by retranslating the verses
using broader or more literal meanings then we use the
BROAD-LITERAL submethod.


EXAMPLE: Gn08-17a
----------------
Gn08-16:17 states
-------------------------------------
Leave the Ark
- you (Noah)
- your sons
- your wives
- your son's wives
- All animals
- - birds
- - animals
- - insects
TAKE OUT

and let them be FRUITFUL on the land
------------------------------------

However the word TAKE OUT has a MASORETIC
COMMENT
------------------------
This word is
- READ: TAKE OUT
- WRITTEN: Who goes out
------------------------
Such WRITTEN-READ words occur frequently in the Bible.
Such WRITTEN-READ words do not occur in other books.

The WRITTEN text would read as follows:
-------------------------------------
Leave the Ark.

You (Noah)
- your sons
- your wives
- your son's wives
- All animals
- - birds
- - animals
- - insects
- WHO GO OUT WITH YOU
should be FRUITFUL on the land
------------------------------------

Note the contradiction
- the READ text says: TAKE THEM OUT
- the WRITTEN text says: WHO GO OUT WITH YOU

Rashi resolves the CONTRADICTION by considering two cases
--------------------------------------------------
- If they want to leave, then let them leave
- If they dont want to leave, then forcibly evict them
--------------------------------------------------

LIST510a below gives other examples of CONTRADICTORY
verses resolved thru TWO STAGES.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: CONTRADICTION
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS 2 ASPECTS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #14
SEE BELOW LIST510a
List of verses with Contradiction resolved by 2 cases
LIST510a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with      Contradiction resolved by 2 cases
VERSE-1 VERSE-2 HOW THE TWO TEXTS ARE COMBINED
Gn08-17 Gn08-17 LET the animals go out;if they dont EVICT them
Dt16-22 Gn28-18 1-stone Altar:OK for Patriarchs;not for us*6
Dt`6-22 Nu13-30 The MINORITY repor of the spies was: Land Good
Lv19-20 Lv20-10 adultery: With free person,death;with maid,no
Lv19-13 Dt24-15 day worker:Pay by morn;Night labor by sunset
Lv13-33 Lv13-33 DONT shave[near]leprosy;DO shave rest of head
Lv13-40 Lv13-43 leprosy on baldness:like SKIN,not HEAD,leprosy
Ex09-03 Ex09-09 FIELD livestock died;HOUSE livestock had boils
Ex09-03 Ex09-09 HOUSE livestock who returned outside HAILED
Ex09-19 Ex14-07 FIELD livestock died;HOUSE animals for Chariot
Gn36-02 Gn36-24 Daughter of FATHER & GRANDFATHER=illegitim
Gn24-08 Gn24-08 DONT marry CANAANITE;can marry out of family
Gn06-19 Gn07-02 Noach took:7 KOSHER animals;2 NON-KOSHER ones
Dt12-18 Nu18-24 Levites get 1st TITHE;also get GIFTS TO POOR
Dt12-30 Ex22-19 SPECIFIC idol worship OR general SACS wrong
Ex30-19 Ex40-31 Tmpl Basin for Priests;Moses was Priest once*5
Ex21-03 Ex21-04 Master only gives a slavegirl to a married man
Ex12-02 Ex12-03 God told Moses on FIRST: Tell Jews on TENTH...
Ex01-16 Ex01-12 EGYPTIANS hated ALL JEWS;PHARAOH hated MALES*4
Ex02-06 Ex02-06 She saw a BABY(in age);a CHILD(in demeanor)*3
Gn18-06 Gn18-06 FINE FLOUR for food;COARSE for pot*2
Dt08-02 Lv26-06 WHEN OBSERVANT God protects;ELSE not*1
Nu21-21 Dt02-26 MOSES sent delegates on behalf of ISRAEL
Nu05-08 Nu05-08 Stolen goods given to PRIESTS on behalf of GOD
Ex20-19 Ex19-20 Gods voice in HEAVEN;His FIRE on EARTH
Ex40-35 Ex25-22 Moses at Entrance; Gods by Crubim
Ex28-37 Ex39-30 Priest MASK went AROUND and OVER head
Ex25-03 Ex30-12 TAXES for base;VOLUNTARY for vessels
Nu04-05 Nu04-15 PRIESTS pack; KEHATHITES carry*10
COMMENTS
*1 See Lv26-03. Thus Lv26-03:06 explicitly states that
when we observe, God will remove wild animals. Dt08-02
by contrast, explains that conquest of Israel will
happen slowly FOR IF IT HAPPEEND QUICKLY WILD ANIMALS
WOULD COME (because the Jews moral nature was not
yet  perfected and the protection of Lv26-03:06
does not yet apply) *11

*2 COARSE flour was used in cooking to wash the pot
sides to clear it from rust producing agents and
rotted food particles.

*3 I should mention the Brilliant Malbim who points
out to a repeated object denoting emphasis
-----------------------------------------
She opened it and saw HIM -- a CHILD
-----------------------------------------
Thus the child had a certain regality *12


*4 This distinction is explicitly mentioned in Ex01-10
Pharoh was concerned that the Jewish minority would
align with an Egyptian enemy. Hence he killed the
males. *13

*5 See Lv08-16:21 for Moses acting as a Priest. During
this brief period Moses used the Temple Basin.

*6 First we note that MONUMENTS (MCBA) were made of
1 stone. Compare the following verses
- Gn31-45 Jacob took the STONE and made MONUMENT
- Gn28-18 Jacob took the STONE and made Monument

Next we note that God found the MONUMENT that
Jacob made (and declared to be a house of God),
God found this altar pleasing.
-----------------------------------------------
- Gn31-13 I am the God of Beth El where you made
a monument --[I am with you] Therefore leave
this place
-----------------------------------------------

Finally we compare the following 4 contradictory
verses
------------------------------------------------
Ex20-21:22 You can make altars of EARTH, STONES
Dt27-05    Make altar of stones when coming to Israel
Dt16-22a   Don't make MONUMENT
Dt16-22b   Don't make MONUMENT, hated by God
Gn28-18    Jacob took the stone and made a MONUMENT
------------------------------------------------

In this discussion we treat ALTARS and MONUMENTS
the same. The contradictory verses can be resolved
as follows
- ONE-STONE altars/monuments are
- - prohibited to us and hated by God
- - permitted  to Patriarches and liked by God
- MANY STONE altars/Monuments are permitted*14


LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Rashis point is strengthened by the abrupt change
of subject
-----------------------------------------------
Nu04-04 This is the job of the KEHATHITES
Nu04-05 The PRIESTS come and cover the articles
...
Nu04-15 ..and AFTERWARDS the KEHATHITES come
-----------------------------------------------

If one just reads Nu04-04 and Nu04-05 by themselves
it appears as if the PRIESTS mentioned in Nu04-05
refer back to the KEHATHITES mentioned in Nu04-04

*11 Interesting Rashi cites a verse in Job rather
than the  explicit Lv26-03:06. Rashi also does
not explicitly mention that he is using the rule
of resolving 2 contradictory cases.
But that IS what Rashi does. It seems rather
straightforward to introduce Lv26-03:06. Rashi
probably  expected the reader to know this verse
since it comes in the great REBUKE---Rashi complements
this verses with complementary verses in Job

*12 Rashis actual language is that
------------------------------------
She saw Gods presence with him
------------------------------------

I have tempered this a bit as follows
---------------------------
She saw the childs regality
---------------------------

I think Rashis point is to explain why
she risked her life to save a Jewish child
This child was different--he had a certain
regality...why not raise him as an Egyptian
He would fit in well with the Royal house

*13 Rashi actually says
------------------------------------------
Pharohs astrologers said that the Jews
have just had a male savior born.
Pharoh therefore decreed the death of
the male Jews
------------------------------------------

However the REAL driving force of Rashi
is the contradictory verses and the
resolution from an explicit verse.

Rashi avails himself of OTHER VERSES
which show that Pharoh always consulted
with his astrologers (eg Ex08-12:15).

Thus Rashi is simply dressing up the
contradiction. The real point of Rashi
is the contradiction and the distinction
between the people(hated all) and the King.
(concerned about security)

*14 Rashi does not give a reason why 1-stone altars
are prohibited but many-stone are ok. I would
suggest that 1-stone altars are so to speak
BLEMISHED altars-altars made on the rush.
Throughout the offering literature blemished items
are considered poor taste. The patriarchs however
were busy converting people frequently. Hence,they
made altars on the go (one stone altars) and this
was liked by God.
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn08-17b
RASHIS COVERED: Gn08-17b Gn09-14a Gn09-14b
Gn08-17b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04


SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
The FORMATTING rule seeks to explain Rashis based on
the FORMATTING of the Biblical text. FORMATTING techniques
in modern writing include use of bold, italics,underline,
bullets, paragraph indentation and similar items. The Bible
indicated FORMATTING using its own techniques: For example
- the Bible indicates bold,italics, underline thru REPETITION
- the Bible indicates bulleting, thru REPEATING keywords
The Bible can also indicate FORMATTING thru meaning without
any formal structure.

EXAMPLE Gn08-17b
----------------
Gn08-17 states
-------------------------------------------
All animals--birds, animals, insects
Take out of the ark
- Let them be fruitful on the LAND
- let them multiply on the LAND
-------------------------------------------

Rashi comments
--------------------------------------
The repeated word ON THE LAND indicates
emphasis. They were encouraged to reproduce
now on the land but in the ark they were
prohibited from cohabitation in the ark
---------------------------------------

Here Rashi interprets the word LAND
literally and restrictively.

EXAMPLE 2: Gn09-14a,b
---------------------
Gn09-14 states
-----------------------------------------
[I will make a rainbow as a convenant]
When I CLOUD A CLOUD(Burst) on land
the rainbow will be seen during the storm
-----------------------------------------

Rashi comments
----------------------------------------
The REPETITION, CLOUD A CLOUD, indicates
a fierce storm--so to speak-- a storm
with ONLY CLOUDS with no glimmer of
sunlight
----------------------------------------

Here Rashi interprets the REPETITION
restrictively and literally.

LIST160a below presents other examples where verses are
interpreted restrictively because of a REPETITION.
ITEM DETAIL
RASHI RULE CLASS: REPETITION
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS RESTRICTIVE MEANING
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #19
SEE BELOW LIST160a
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted restrictvely
LIST160a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

List of verses with      REPEATED words interpreted restrictively
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE MEANING OF REPETITION
Gn08-17b multiply ON LAND;fruitful onLAND On LAND,not on ARK
Nu30-03a vow to PROHIBIT a PROHIBITION Prohibit NEUTRAL*12
Nu04-04a The HOLY of HOLIES Holiest part of temple
Ex31-15a A SABBATH of SABBATHS*1 Even cooking prohibited
Lv13-49a Y-R-K-R-K (GreenReen) The GREENEST of GREENS*2
Lv13-49b A-D-M-D-M (Reded) The REDEST of REDS*2
Gn09-14a when I CLOUD A CLOUD on land Intense Storm(no light)
Gn09-14b when I CLOUD A CLOUD on land Intense Storm*14
Gn28-11a He prayed by THE PLACE..PLACE*3 >THE PLACE<=the Temple
Gn37-15a And a MAN found him..THE MAN.*4 >THE MAN<=AProphet/Angel
-------- ------------------------------- -----------------------
Nu12-01h HAD been married HAD been .... She is now DIVORCED
Lv01-08d wood on fire ON ALTAR ON ALTAR No wood protruding*5
Lv14-17a Blood on ear;Oil on ear ON BLOOD BLOOD must be first*5
Lv21-03a NonMarried sister-close to brthr single or engaged*6
Lv21-03b NonMarried sister-close to brthr single or engaged*6
Lv22-22f Dont offer Dont offer..blemished ANY act of offering*7
Lv21-21b BLEMISHED BLEMISHED priests... If still blemished*8
Lv06-20c Blood on GARMENT,SPRINKLED PART Only SPRINKLED PART*9
Lv22-13b STRANGER STRANGER cant eat Trmh Only stranger*11
Lv22-15b Sell according to YEARS YEARS*12 At least 2 yr for sale
Lv22-15a Sell according to YEARS YEARS*12 At least 2 yr for sale
COMMENTS
*1 Ex31-15b further points out that all holidays which are
referred to as >SABBATH of SABBATH< (Ex31-15, Lv23-32)
have prohibitions of both WORK and EATING. By contrast
all holidays which are only called >SABBATH< (Lv23-23
and Lv23-39) only have a prohibition of Work but not
a prohibition of COOKING. This is fully discussed at
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h6n12.htm)


*2 This is fully discussed in http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n23.htm
Ibn Ezra seems to disagree and state that GReenReen means a
light green (which would contradict this list). But as I
show in that posting, Ibn Ezra retracted what he said in his
commentary on Ps45-03. In fact Ibn Ezra simply points out
that he was testing the consistency of this rule against all
doubled roots. To make a long story short we reviewed all
roots & found possible problems with only 2 verses, Ps38-11
and Songs6-1. However we can properly translate these verses
Ps38-11 would be translated as >My heart FLUTTERS (intense
back and forth motion)<; Similarly Songs6-1 would be
translated as >Dont avoid me simply because I am very
SUNBURNED (an intense form of DAWN-COLOR)

*3 Many of the examples in this list are CONSTRUCTS
e.g. The HOLY of HOLIES. Future additions to this
list will emphasize examples similar to Lv01-08d

*4 So the repeated word MAN must refer to the narrow meaning
of the Hebrew ISH which means A DISTINGUISHED man such
as an Angel or Judge.

*5 In legal terminology the repetition creates ESSENTIALITY
- The wood is on the altar; and MUST be on the altar
- Blood on ear; oil on ear; and the blood MUST come first

*6 In other words the priest can defile himself to a sister
who is REALLY NOT MARRIED (not married and still CLOSE
to her brother the Priest)--thus the priest can defile
himself to a SINGLE and ENGAGED sister but not to a
MARRIED sister

*7 If you review Lv22-17:25 you will find 3-5 repetitions
of the concept that BLEMISHED ANIMALS SHOULD NOT BE
OFFERED (or PLACED ON FIRE) TO GOD. Therefore the
REPETITION applies to ANY PART OF THE OFFERING
PROCEDURE. The main parts of the OFFERING PROCEDURE are
- DEDICATION of the animal
- SLAUGHTER of animal
- RECEIPT of animal blood
- OFFERING ON FIRE of organs*10

*8 In other words only is he is REALLY BLEMISHED = STILL
BLEMISHED (But if he recovered from the Blemish then
the law does not apply and he can offer offerings)


*9 The verse states
----------------------------------------------------
If blood falls on a GARMENT, then wash in the temple
THAT ON WHICH IT FELL
----------------------------------------------------

The capped words indicate a quasi repetition. This
repetition creates emphasis. ONLY the part of the
garment on which the blood is sprinkled need be
washed.

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 An important point about learning Rashi should be
emphasized. Many Rashi commentators play NUMBER GAMES
- they count FOUR repetitions of DONT OFFER
- they then note FOUR applications of emphasis in Rashi
(to a) Dedication b) Slaughter c) receipt of blood
d) offering

However our approach in this list has always been
conceptual. The REPETITION denotes EMPHASIS. The
EMPHASIS in turn simply includes ALL CASES--ALL PARTS
OF THE PROCEDURE. We think this a mature and satisfying
approach to Rashi.

*11 The whole verselet A STRANGER CANNOT EAT TERUMAH is
repeated.   The simple way of taking it is that
- ONLY strangers are restricted from eating TERUMAH
- ALL other PRIESTS (EVEN SUCh AND SUCH) may eat TERUMAH
The details of the EVEN SUCH AND SUCH are not
necessarily explicitly mentioned and must be guessed
at by those knowledgeable of Jewish law.

Rashi(Lv22-13b) applies the EVEN SUCH AND SUCH (Lv22-13b)
to a Priest whose relative just died and prior
to burial. EVEN THOUGH a BEFORE-BURIAL PRIEST MAY NOT EAT
SACRIFICIAL ITEMS nevertheless he MAY EAT TERUMAH

*12
Note the following repetition
-Lv25-15b buy from colleagues by NUMBER YEARS SINCE JUBILEE
-Lv25-15b sell -------------- by NUMBER YEARS OF PRODUCE

Without the REPETITION I would simply state (as Rashi does)
-----------------------------------------------------------
So eg if your field produces an average yield of $1000 a
year then in year 0 of the Jubilee it would be worth 50,000
because the buyer would expect $1000 x 50 years=50,000;
by contrast in year 40 of the Jubilee it would be worth
10,000 because the buyer only expect $1000 x 10 years=10,000
In other words the
VALUE OF THE FIELD = YIELD PER YEAR x NUMBER OF YEARS
If however a person sold the field for $50,000 in year 40
he would be overcharging for the field and violating a
Biblical law
-----------------------------------------------------------

It is important to emphasize that, as Rashi states
----------------------------------------------------
Whatever other meaning we derive (from the repetition),
these OTHER MEANINGS, are BESIDES the simple meaning
of the text
----------------------------------------------------

Without the REPETITION I would look at the PLURAL WORD
YEARS in the verse and simply state
---------------------------------------------------
Most sales are for YEARS (vs 1 year). Hence the
law is stated using typical examples. However the
law applies EQUALLY whether you sold the field for
one YEAR or many YEARS.
---------------------------------------------------
Here I used the Rashi rule of GENERALIZATION--which
requires that verses are seen as stating laws using
typical examples.

However we dont use the rule of GENERALIZATION when
the verse has some limitation.

Thus using the Rashi rule of REPETITION we see that
- the REPETITION requires EMPHASIS
- the EMPHASIS requires RESTRICTIVE meaning
I therefore infer that
--------------------------------------------------
A sale of land requires a minimum of 2 years.
We infer this from the REPEATED word, YEARS
which indicates AT LEAST TWO YEARS
--------------------------------------------------

To recap:
- It would be a mistake to think that Rashi
arbitrarily picked on the word YEARS and
required all sales to be two years
- Indeed in many cases Biblical laws are
stated using typical examples and generalized
to other cases
- However SINCE there is a REPETITION in the
verse therefore I am justified and required
to interpret the verse literally---a sale
must be for at least YEARS (that is 2 years)


The above is a peachy example of Rashi...it shows
that pickiness and restrictive meaning is only
one tool available to the Biblical student--this
tool may ONLY be used when required. In this
verse it is the repetition that requires it--
without the repetition I would not have come
to this conclusion.

This is fundamental to understanding Talmudic homiletics

*13 You can vow to PROHIBIT a PROHIBITION on something NEUTRAL
but you cannot vow to prohibit an OBLIGATION (Such as
a vow to abstain from the Passover offering which you
are obligated to eat)

*14 Gn09-14b and Gn09-14a are really one Rashi. But this
email list is based on the Davka edition of Rashi,
version 3.0.6. Since there are two boldface words
on Gn09-14 we count them as two Rashis.

Note there is a slight problem with
- interpreting CLOUD A CLOUD=storm without light
- and the verse statement--RAINBOW will be seen

So Rashi adds as follows
-----------------------------------------------
When God PLANS to bring a fierce storm
He will see the rainbow and not go all the way
-----------------------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
LIGHTNING SUMMARIES
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

Lightning summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10
# LIST BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES
19 160a When I CLOUD A CLOUD on land==create a FIERCE Storm
19 160a multiply ON LAND-be fruitful on LAND==no cohabitation in ark
14 510a LET ANIMALS go:if they want vs. EVICT THEM(if they don't want)
08 005f THIS is the sign of convenant==God showed Noah an actual RAINBOW
27 606f Animals left ark BY FAMILY; Promised not to be promiscuous
COMMENTS

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 The explanation of the list should be clear
- The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used
All Rashi rules may be found with examples at
http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm

- The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which
contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and
includes the example presented in the third column

- The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi
with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used.

All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm
Rashis covered in this issue
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04

VERSE RULE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== =============== =====================================
Gn08-19a DATABASE Animals left ark BY FAMILY(modesty!)
Gn09-17a SPECIAL WORDS THIS is the sign;God SHOWED rainbow
Gn08-17a CONTRADICTION LET animals go; if not EVICT them
Gn08-17b REPETITION CLOUD CLOUD=fierce storm....
Gn09-14a REPETITION CLOUD CLOUD=fierce storm....
Gn09-14b REPETITION CLOUD CLOUD=fierce storm....
--------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2004, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#