Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT http://www.RashiYomi.com/ Surfing the Talmudic Seas (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2005 Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel Volume 28 Number 2 For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here ----------------------------------- http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h28n2.htm ----------------------------------- Produced Dec 1st, 2005 |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU HAVE | WHAT SHOULD YOU READ | SECTION COLOR | |
Only 2-3 mintues | SUCCINT SUMMARY | BROWN | |
Only 5-8 minutes | LISTS | BROWN/BEIGE/BLUE | |
Maybe 20-30 minutes | BIG FOOTNOTE SECTION | GREEN SECTION | |
Time to do research | SUMMARY OVERVIEWS*2 | Newsletter Bottom | |
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*1 FIXED WIDTH FONTS are needed for the TEXT version For the HTML version you do not need to reset the browser For html or PDF version visit http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ris.htm *2 Each digest has two summary overviews on bottom: - LIGHTNING SUMMARIES (List of lists in this issue) - OVERVIEW (List of Rashis covered in this issue) |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn26-02a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- A powerful but simple Rashi method is the CITATION or CROSS- REFERENCING of an OTHER VERSE for the purpose of adding FURTHER DETAILS to a verse we are studying. We call this the OTHER VERSE method. There are three submethods to the OTHER VERSE method. If the verse actually CITES or refers to an OTHER VERSE we call this the SUBMETHOD of CITATION. If the OTHER VERSE explains the meaning of some term in the first verse we call this the SUBMETHOD of MEANING. If the first verse does not cite an other verse and if no meaning is explained then we call this the SUBMETHOD of FURTHER DETAILS since the 2nd verse either confirms the first verse or typically adds FURTHER DETAILS to the first verse EXAMPLE 1: Gn26-01a ------------------------------------- Gn26-01:02 state ----------------------------------- There was another famine, besides the famine in the time of Abraham, so Isaac went to Avimelech King of the Pelistim, towards Gerar God appeared to him and said DON'T GO DOWN TO EGYPT [Rather] Stay in the land I show you ....and I will belss you ----------------------------------- Rashi comments on the phrase DONT GO DOWN TO EGYPT ------------------------------------------------- This prohibition is illuminated by the contrast with the famine in the days of Abraham where Abraham DID go down to Egypt: Gn12-10 states - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - There was a famine in the land [of Canaan] Abraham went down to Egypt to sojourn there because the famine was strong there - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------- A further reading of Gn12 sheds light on why God might have prohibited Isaac going down to Egypt. Pharoh tried to take Sarah as his wife. Abraham was saved by a miracle. So God was warning Isaac against returning to Egypt. LIST210x presents other examples of verse pairs illuminating each other with further details | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS | OTHER VERSES | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | FURTHER DETAILS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #1 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST210x | |
List of verses pairs | with one verse illuminating another |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses pairs with one verse illuminating another LIST210x CONTINUES LIST210a LIST210z LIST210y | ||||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | OTHER VRSE | DETAILS | |
Gn26-01a | Dont go down to Egypt | Gn12-10 | Same order to Abe*5 | |
Gn25-05a | Abe gave Isac ALL HE HAD | Gn26-03:04 | Gave Gods blessings | |
Gn24-66a | ALL THINGS THAT HAPPENED | Gn24-10:21 | Immediately found it | |
Dt33-21a | He chose the FIRST | Nu32-01:05 | 1st Conquest-Moab | |
Dt33-21b | LAWGIVER is hidden there | Dt34-05:06 | MOSES buried there | |
Dt33-21c | Lawgiver is HIDDEN there | Dt34-05:06 | NoOne knows burial | |
------- | --------------------- | -------- | ---------------- | |
Dt32-14k | ...RED wine | Pr23-31 | the BEST wine | |
Dt18-09a | Dont learn idolatry | Dt12-30 | Dont learn TO DO*4 | |
Dt02-15a | God quick to kill siners | Nu32-05:08 | Bad influence*3 | |
Dt01-31b | God like FATHER to Jews | Ex14-19 | Angel goes in back | |
Nu27-20a | give your SPLENDOR ToHim | Ex34-30 | HORNS OF LIGHT | |
Nu21-15b | TZUR=Midyan family HEAD | Nu31-08 | 1 of 5 main leaders | |
Nu21-15c | TZUR=MIDYAN FAMILY head | Gn25-04 | 5 main Midyan tribes | |
Nu21-24a | BRAZEN is border of Amon | Dt02-19 | PROTECTED BY PROPHCY | |
Nu20-16b | God sent ANGEL to redeem | Ex23-20 | ANGEL=MOSES | |
Nu14-25a | journey away from here | Nu14-42:45 | Amalyk will defeat u | |
Nu12-08c | See GODS PICTURE | Ex33-23 | See God-s back | |
Nu12-12b | Don-t make us LIKE DEAD | Lv13-45:46 | LIKE LEPOR*1 | |
Nu02-02c | OPPOSITE the Temple | Jo03-04 | 2000 Cubits | |
Lv27-10a | GOOD:BAD sacrifice | Lv22-18:20 | BAD=BLEMISHED | |
Gn45-18a | I-ll give BEST OF LAND | Gn47-11 | BEST OF LAND=Ramsyth | |
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*1 Unlike other cases of ritual impurity the Lepor is - ostracized from all his friends - must declare himself impure and separate himself Hence he is like someone dead (that is like a dead body he is REPULSIVE)*10 *2 Verse Ex14-19 states -------------------------------------------- [The Jews had just exited Egypt; Egypt regretted letting them free and pursued them. The following text relates the pursuit] And the Angel of God, which went in FRONT of the Jewish camp, journeyed and went in BACK of them;[Similarly] the pillar of fire went from in front to the back -------------------------------------------- Rashi explains with an analogy: ----------------------------------------- A person and his father were walking in the forest. Suddenly they hear wild animals in back of them pursuing them. The father, who had been leading his son in front now goes in back so that the wild animals should bump into him first, not his son ----------------------------------------- In other words, Rashi sees Ex14-19 as providing a FURTHER DETAIL to the concept of GOD CARED FOR YOU LIKE A FATHER. God had fought for the Jews who were helpless like children. *3 Rashi does not cite Nu32-05:08 but instead explains ------------------------------------------- God wanted sinners dead lest they influence their children into rebelling against God ------------------------------------------- *4 That is: Don't learn idolatry for purposes of practicing it. But it is permissable to learn idolatry for purposes of instructing people on what not to do and on the horrors of particular idolatries.*11 --------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES --------------------- *10 Rashi gives an alternate argument ----------------------------------------------------- Both the LEPOR and DEAD transmit a status of ritual impurity to a person who merely walks into the same room with them ----------------------------------------------------- However we would summarize this Rashi argument as follows --------------------------------------------------------- Both the LEPOR and DEAD are considered REPULSIVE. Hence - merely being in the same room with them confers impurity - People AVOID both the LEPOR and DEAD BODY --------------------------------------------------------- Such an approach to Rashi is deeper and more satisfying and sheds light on the analogy. *11 Rashi's literal language is --------------------------------------------------- DON'T LEARN TO DO, but you can LEARN TO TEACH --------------------------------------------------- This statement is short, punchy and to the point. Furthermore the literal text of Dt18-09a is DON'T LEARN TO DO. Thus it appears that Rashi made his inference from the EXTRA phrase TO DO (DONT LEARN TO DO vs DONT LEARN). However the approach of this list is to explain Rashi inferences in terms of broad laws such as OTHER VERSES. In this list we shy away from inferences from 'extra phrases.' Since Dt12-30 clearly prohibits LEARNING/INQUIRING FOR PURPOSES OF PRACTICE we prefer this OTHER VERSE explanation Consequently, this Rashi is one of those PEACHES that illustrate our different approach to Rashi explanations. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn27-03c
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- The FORMATTING rule seeks to explain Rashis based on the FORMATTING of the Biblical text. FORMATTING techniques in modern writing include use of bold, italics,underline, bullets, paragraph indentation and similar items. The Bible indicated FORMATTING using its own techniques: For example - the Bible indicates bold,italics, underline thru REPETITION - the Bible indicates bulleting, thru REPEATING keywords The Bible can also indicate FORMATTING thru meaning without any formal structure. EXAMPLE Gn27-03c ---------------- Gn27-03 presents the request of Isaac to his son Esauv to hunt ------------------------------------------- ...please go the field and HUNT HUNT for me ------------------------------------------- Rashi comments on the REPETITION -------------------------------------- HUNT A HUNT connotes a real hunt. Do not purchase or even steal but rather HUNT down in the wilds. --------------------------------------- In passing: Perhaps there is moral inference here. Isaac did not just want to bless Esauv. He wanted him to be himself. Hence he sent him on what Esauv did best--the hunt--he said to him, go into the wilds, go to a place where you aren't sure you can get anything, depend on God, hunt me a real hunt, and then when I bless you you will appreciate it more. LIST160a below presents other examples where verses are interpreted restrictively because of a REPETITION. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | REPETITION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | RESTRICTIVE MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #19 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST160a | |
List of verses with | REPEATED words interpreted restrictvely |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted restrictively | |||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | MEANING OF REPETITION | |
Gn27-03c | HUNT me a HUNT | HUNT from wilds*15 | |
Gn24-16a | A a)Virgin b)not known by man | No serious horseplay | |
Gn24-16b | A a)Virgin b)not known by man | No serious horseplay | |
Gn24-10a | took CAMELS, his masters CAMELS | MUZZLED,from grazing*15 | |
Gn08-17b | multiply ON LAND;fruitful onLAND | On LAND,not on ARK | |
Nu30-03a | vow to PROHIBIT a PROHIBITION | Prohibit NEUTRAL*12 | |
Nu04-04a | The HOLY of HOLIES | Holiest part of temple | |
Ex31-15a | A SABBATH of SABBATHS*1 | Even cooking prohibited | |
Lv13-49a | Y-R-K-R-K (GreenReen) | The GREENEST of GREENS*2 | |
Lv13-49b | A-D-M-D-M (Reded) | The REDEST of REDS*2 | |
Gn09-14a | when I CLOUD A CLOUD on land | Intense Storm(no light) | |
Gn09-14b | when I CLOUD A CLOUD on land | Intense Storm*14 | |
Gn28-11a | He prayed by THE PLACE..PLACE*3 | >THE PLACE<=the Temple | |
Gn37-15a | And a MAN found him..THE MAN.*4 | >THE MAN<=AProphet/Angel | |
-------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------- | |
Nu12-01h | HAD been married HAD been .... | She is now DIVORCED | |
Lv01-08d | wood on fire ON ALTAR ON ALTAR | No wood protruding*5 | |
Lv14-17a | Blood on ear;Oil on ear ON BLOOD | BLOOD must be first*5 | |
Lv21-03a | NonMarried sister-close to brthr | single or engaged*6 | |
Lv21-03b | NonMarried sister-close to brthr | single or engaged*6 | |
Lv22-22f | Dont offer Dont offer..blemished | ANY act of offering*7 | |
Lv21-21b | BLEMISHED BLEMISHED priests... | If still blemished*8 | |
Lv06-20c | Blood on GARMENT,SPRINKLED PART | Only SPRINKLED PART*9 | |
Lv22-13b | STRANGER STRANGER cant eat Trmh | Only stranger*11 | |
Lv22-15b | Sell according to YEARS YEARS*12 | At least 2 yr for sale | |
Lv22-15a | Sell according to YEARS YEARS*12 | At least 2 yr for sale | |
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*1 Ex31-15b further points out that all holidays which are referred to as >SABBATH of SABBATH< (Ex31-15, Lv23-32) have prohibitions of both WORK and EATING. By contrast all holidays which are only called >SABBATH< (Lv23-23 and Lv23-39) only have a prohibition of Work but not a prohibition of COOKING. This is fully discussed at http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h6n12.htm) *2 This is fully discussed in http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n23.htm Ibn Ezra seems to disagree and state that GReenReen means a light green (which would contradict this list). But as I show in that posting, Ibn Ezra retracted what he said in his commentary on Ps45-03. In fact Ibn Ezra simply points out that he was testing the consistency of this rule against all doubled roots. To make a long story short we reviewed all roots & found possible problems with only 2 verses, Ps38-11 and Songs6-1. However we can properly translate these verses Ps38-11 would be translated as >My heart FLUTTERS (intense back and forth motion)<; Similarly Songs6-1 would be translated as >Dont avoid me simply because I am very SUNBURNED (an intense form of DAWN-COLOR) *3 Many of the examples in this list are CONSTRUCTS e.g. The HOLY of HOLIES. Future additions to this list will emphasize examples similar to Lv01-08d *4 So the repeated word MAN must refer to the narrow meaning of the Hebrew ISH which means A DISTINGUISHED man such as an Angel or Judge. *5 In legal terminology the repetition creates ESSENTIALITY - The wood is on the altar; and MUST be on the altar - Blood on ear; oil on ear; and the blood MUST come first *6 In other words the priest can defile himself to a sister who is REALLY NOT MARRIED (not married and still CLOSE to her brother the Priest)--thus the priest can defile himself to a SINGLE and ENGAGED sister but not to a MARRIED sister *7 If you review Lv22-17:25 you will find 3-5 repetitions of the concept that BLEMISHED ANIMALS SHOULD NOT BE OFFERED (or PLACED ON FIRE) TO GOD. Therefore the REPETITION applies to ANY PART OF THE OFFERING PROCEDURE. The main parts of the OFFERING PROCEDURE are - DEDICATION of the animal - SLAUGHTER of animal - RECEIPT of animal blood - OFFERING ON FIRE of organs*10 *8 In other words only is he is REALLY BLEMISHED = STILL BLEMISHED (But if he recovered from the Blemish then the law does not apply and he can offer offerings) *9 The verse states ---------------------------------------------------- If blood falls on a GARMENT, then wash in the temple THAT ON WHICH IT FELL ---------------------------------------------------- The capped words indicate a quasi repetition. This repetition creates emphasis. ONLY the part of the garment on which the blood is sprinkled need be washed. | |||
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*10 An important point about learning Rashi should be emphasized. Many Rashi commentators play NUMBER GAMES - they count FOUR repetitions of DONT OFFER - they then note FOUR applications of emphasis in Rashi (to a) Dedication b) Slaughter c) receipt of blood d) offering However our approach in this list has always been conceptual. The REPETITION denotes EMPHASIS. The EMPHASIS in turn simply includes ALL CASES--ALL PARTS OF THE PROCEDURE. We think this a mature and satisfying approach to Rashi. *11 The whole verselet A STRANGER CANNOT EAT TERUMAH is repeated. The simple way of taking it is that - ONLY strangers are restricted from eating TERUMAH - ALL other PRIESTS (EVEN SUCh AND SUCH) may eat TERUMAH The details of the EVEN SUCH AND SUCH are not necessarily explicitly mentioned and must be guessed at by those knowledgeable of Jewish law. Rashi(Lv22-13b) applies the EVEN SUCH AND SUCH (Lv22-13b) to a Priest whose relative just died and prior to burial. EVEN THOUGH a BEFORE-BURIAL PRIEST MAY NOT EAT SACRIFICIAL ITEMS nevertheless he MAY EAT TERUMAH *12 Note the following repetition -Lv25-15b buy from colleagues by NUMBER YEARS SINCE JUBILEE -Lv25-15b sell -------------- by NUMBER YEARS OF PRODUCE Without the REPETITION I would simply state (as Rashi does) ----------------------------------------------------------- So eg if your field produces an average yield of $1000 a year then in year 0 of the Jubilee it would be worth 50,000 because the buyer would expect $1000 x 50 years=50,000; by contrast in year 40 of the Jubilee it would be worth 10,000 because the buyer only expect $1000 x 10 years=10,000 In other words the VALUE OF THE FIELD = YIELD PER YEAR x NUMBER OF YEARS If however a person sold the field for $50,000 in year 40 he would be overcharging for the field and violating a Biblical law ----------------------------------------------------------- It is important to emphasize that, as Rashi states ---------------------------------------------------- Whatever other meaning we derive (from the repetition), these OTHER MEANINGS, are BESIDES the simple meaning of the text ---------------------------------------------------- Without the REPETITION I would look at the PLURAL WORD YEARS in the verse and simply state --------------------------------------------------- Most sales are for YEARS (vs 1 year). Hence the law is stated using typical examples. However the law applies EQUALLY whether you sold the field for one YEAR or many YEARS. --------------------------------------------------- Here I used the Rashi rule of GENERALIZATION--which requires that verses are seen as stating laws using typical examples. However we dont use the rule of GENERALIZATION when the verse has some limitation. Thus using the Rashi rule of REPETITION we see that - the REPETITION requires EMPHASIS - the EMPHASIS requires RESTRICTIVE meaning I therefore infer that -------------------------------------------------- A sale of land requires a minimum of 2 years. We infer this from the REPEATED word, YEARS which indicates AT LEAST TWO YEARS -------------------------------------------------- To recap: - It would be a mistake to think that Rashi arbitrarily picked on the word YEARS and required all sales to be two years - Indeed in many cases Biblical laws are stated using typical examples and generalized to other cases - However SINCE there is a REPETITION in the verse therefore I am justified and required to interpret the verse literally---a sale must be for at least YEARS (that is 2 years) The above is a peachy example of Rashi...it shows that pickiness and restrictive meaning is only one tool available to the Biblical student--this tool may ONLY be used when required. In this verse it is the repetition that requires it-- without the repetition I would not have come to this conclusion. This is fundamental to understanding Talmudic homiletics *13 You can vow to PROHIBIT a PROHIBITION on something NEUTRAL but you cannot vow to prohibit an OBLIGATION (Such as a vow to abstain from the Passover offering which you are obligated to eat) *14 Gn09-14b and Gn09-14a are really one Rashi. But this email list is based on the Davka edition of Rashi, version 3.0.6. Since there are two boldface words on Gn09-14 we count them as two Rashis. Note there is a slight problem with - interpreting CLOUD A CLOUD=storm without light - and the verse statement--RAINBOW will be seen So Rashi adds as follows ----------------------------------------------- When God PLANS to bring a fierce storm He will see the rainbow and not go all the way ----------------------------------------------- *15 The emphasis in the REPETITION ------------------------- And the servant took - 10 CAMELs - from his master's CAMELS ------------------------- This emphasis enables Rashi to infer that the CAMELS were SPECIAL.But Rashi does not know HOW they were special. Rather he infers the SPECIALNESS of the animals by going to an OTHER VERSE Gn24-32 states - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [When] the servant came into the house [then] he UNMUZZLED the camels - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hence the Rashi comment ---------------------------- The servant took his MASTER'S CAMELS which were known for their religiousity of being muzzled and not being allowed to graze in the fields of others ---------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn25-26b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the ALIGNMENT, that is, the word by word comparison, of almost identical verses.The minor variations between these almost similar verses suggests nuances and differences or even meaning. We call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT -When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES -When Rashi infers nuances from the variations between the almost similar verses (or verse phrases) we call this the Rashi subrule of NUANCES. -When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING. EXAMPLE Gn25-26b ---------------- Gn25-25:26 discusses the naming of the twin brothers, Esauv and Jacob. Note the ALIGNMENT ------------------------------------------------------ Baby full of hair THEY named him Esauv (=DONE) Baby GRABS brothers heel HE named him Jacob(=HEEL) ------------------------------------------------------ Note the contrast: THEY (the people who witnessed the birth/baby) named Esauv but only HE(Isaac) named him Jacob. In both cases the attribute (full of hair, heal) was there. Yet in one case EVERYONE gave the child the nickname while in the other case only the Patriarch saw the significance that the younger brother would be a GRABBER. It is not difficult to fill in the details. Presumably as the children grew up Esauv was the DONE/ACCOMPLISHED person. He would always pave the way. And then as so often happens the younger brother would come and tag along. Isaac because he was a patriarch saw this as archetypical of the national relationship of the Jews and Esauvites. Hence Isaac alone chose to name him by this attribute because he as Patriarch and prophet saw this to be the future relationship of the two nations(Other people did not so see it). This contrast is also present in the blessings in Gn27. LIST309h summarizes this ALIGNMENT. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | ALIGNMENT | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | NUANCES | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #11 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST309i | |
Alignment of clauses in | Gn25-25:26 THEY named Esauv;HE named Jacob |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
Alignment of clauses in Gn25-25:26 THEY named Esauv;HE named Jacob | |||||
VERSE | Biblical text | WHO? | Named him | The name | |
Gn25-25 | Baby was full of hair | THEY | named him | ESAUV(DONE) | |
Gn25-26b | Baby grabbed brothers HEEL | HE | named him | JACOB(HEEL) | |
Differs | *1 | *2 | *1 | *1 | |
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*1 In both cases the attribute (full of hair, heel) was there. Yet in one case EVERYONE gave the child the nickname while in the other case only the Patriarch saw the significance that the younger brother would Tag on the heels. *2 It is not difficult to fill in the details. Presumably as the children grew up Esauv was the DONE/ACCOMPLISHED person. He would always pave the way. And then as so often happens the younger brother would come and tag along on the heels of the older brother's success. Isaac because he was a patriarch saw this as archetypical of the national relationship of the Jews and Esauvites. Hence Isaac alone chose to name him by this attribute because he as Patriarch and prophet saw this to be the future relationship of the two nations(Other people did not so see it). This contrast is also present in the blessings in Gn27. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn25-23a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn25-23a Gn25-27e
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINT SUMMARY: ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main goals is the explanation of grammar similar to the explanations we find in modern textbooks. We call this the Rashi rule of GRAMMAR. In todays posting we deal with the grammatical rules governing DEVELOPMENT in paragraphs and chapters: Given a paragraph or chapter THEME, what types of sentences can exist in that paragraph or chapter and what are their relations to the central theme? We call this the rashi subrule of CONSECUTIVE PARAGRAPHS. Rashi knew 4 means of relating consecutive sentences or consecutive paragraphs in a paragraph or chapter: - CAUSE - CONTRAST - ENABLEMENT - UNIFYING THEME. Today we study the CONTRAST and CAUSAL submethods. EXAMPLE Gn25-23a ---------------- Gn25-23 ------------------------------------------------------ Esauv grew up to be a hunter who knew the fields Jacob was A simple person sitting in tents ------------------------------------------------------ Rashi comments ------------------------------------------------------ The verse CLEARLY contrasts HUNTER vs SIMPLE and FIELDS vs TENTS. Thus the SITTING IN TENTS spoken about here is not e.g. the tents of hunters but rather the tents of scholars (or charity givers) ------------------------------------------------------ I have added the explanatory words [or charity givers] to show that Rashi's point is one of CONTRAST not one of IDENTIFICATION. Rashi literally says ------------------------------------- TENTS refers to the tents of Shaym alluded to in the verse Gn09-27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - God will give beauty to Yefeth and Yefeth will dwell in the TENTS OF SHAYM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------------- Presumably these are tents of either scholars or tents of charity givers. Rashi's main point is not the identification of WHOSE tents Jacob dwells in but rather the TYPES of tents that Jacob dwells in-- charity or learning tents vs hunter tents. LIST061b below presents several Rashis exhibiting contrast between verses. Example Gn25-23a ------------------ Gn25-22:23 states ---------------------------------------------- She had difficulty with her pregnancy -A- so she went to seek God -B- and God told her - you will give birth to two nations ---------------------------------------------- Rashi (paraphrased) comments ------------------------------------------- Sentence (A) and sentence (B) are part of the same paragraph. Hence we interpret -A- She went TO SOMEONE to seek God's WORD -B- and the SOMEONE SHE ASKED told her - you will give brith to two nations ------------------------------------------- Rashi's point here is that GOD TOLD HER might mean she is a prophet. However IN THE CONTEXT of the paragraph, SHE WENT TO SEEK AND WAS TOLD clearly indicates that the telling was by messenger, the person she asked. What we call the PARAGRAPH method is none other than the RABBI ISHMAEL, CONTEXT method. We interpret the verse based on CONTEXT. LIST060a presents other paragraphs illustrating UNIFYING connection. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMAR | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | CONSECUTIVE CHAPTERS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST061b | |
A list of paragraphs | having a CONTRASTING connection | |
------------------------ | ------------------------------- | |
SEE BELOW | LIST060a | |
A list of paragraphs | having a UNIFYING theme |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
A list of paragraphs having a CONTRASTING connection | ||||
# | VERSE | TOPIC IN 1st CHAPTER | TOPIC IN 2nd CHAPTER | |
(--) | Gn25-23a | Esauv HUNTER,in FIELD*11 | Jacob SIMPLE,TENTS charity | |
(--) | Nu31-03a | War Midyan;THEN DIE | Eager to go to war*0 | |
(--) | Lv19-30a | Observe SABBATH | [Even when]BUILDING TEMPLE | |
(--) | Ex18-05a | Jethro comes to DESERT | comes to Mount of GOD | |
(--) | Ex04-11a | Moses cant speak | Moses did speak-Ex02-11:14 | |
(--) | Ex04-11b | Moses afraid of Pharoh | God protected Mshe-Ex02-15 | |
(--) | Gn47-25a*8 | 20% Tax:80% Yours | Thank you...Good deal | |
(--) | Gn42-10a | JOE: You are spies | BROTHERS:NO-we are not.*7 | |
(09) | Lv26-01a | Being a slave to Non Jew | Prohibition of Idolatry*1 | |
(10) | Dt29-12a | Curses | We are before God*2 | |
(11) | Lv19-03c | Fear Parents | Watch Sabbaths*3 | |
(12) | Dt22-12a | No Shaatnez | Tzitzith*4 | |
(--) | Dt09, Dt10 | Jews rebel against God | But God still loves Jews*5 | |
(--) | Gn31-13d | I will go GENTLY | You will PASS ME*6 | |
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*1 Rashi not only connects 2 paragraphs. He also connects all Biblical paragraphs in this chapter. See footnote *10 for further details *2 Dt28 gives a long list of curses if the Jews violate the commandments. Dt29-12 says "You are all STANDING before God today" In other words despite the curses for disobediance you are still here before God(The implication being that no matter how angry God gets he will not destroy you) A further support for this theme can come from the General-particular-General form Dt28 GENERAL: Curses for disobediance Dt29-12 PARTICULAR: You are standing here before God Dt29-19 GENERAL: Curses for disobediance Thus the General-Particular-General form shows that Gods curses still allow us to "Stand before him"--in other words they are educative curses not punitive. *3 In other words (always) "Observe the Sabbaths" DESPITE a request to the contrary "By your parents" This can happen if eg your parents ask you to desecrate the Sabbath. You must observe the Sabbath even if your parents request to the contrary. And this can be generalized to all Torah laws(that they take precedence over your parents request) *4 Wear Tzitzith DESPITE the fact that they may have Shaatnez Wool and linen together (In the priestly garments made of Linen the Tzitzith were made of wool--thus the commandment of Tzitzith OVERRIDES the prohibtion of wearing wool and linen) *5 More specifically Rashi (Dt10-12a) states --------------------------------------------- Despite the 5 rebellions that the Jews did against God, nevertheless, God still loves the Jews. In fact Dt10-12 states that all the Jews need do to earn this love is to revere God --------------------------------------------- *6 Rashis point is that Jacob did not ask Esauv ---------------------------- Past me and leave me behind ---------------------------- Rather Jacob suggested contrast ------------------------------------------------ - I must go at a gentle pace - you go at a normal pace ------------------------------------------------ A logical consequence of this contrast is that Esauv would pass Jacob and leave him behind. *7 The full Biblical text shows two rounds of dialogs between Moses and Joseph The Biblical text states as follows ---------------------------------------------------- Gn42-09 1 JOE: You are Spies Gn42-10:11 1 BROHTERS: NO(Contrast)--We are simple people Gn42-12 2 JOE: NO(Contrast) you are spies Gn42-13 2 BROTHERS: We are 12 sons;we came for food ---------------------------------------------------- *8 Gn47-25b and Gn47-25a both deal with the contrast of offer vs Thank you. *9 Rashi makes a point of the contrast ---------------------------------------- Even though he was going to die after the war nevertheless he was eager to perform the war -------------------------------------------- | ||||
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*10 On a superficial level Rashi seems to be connecting 2 verses. Avoid idolatry DESPITE your being a slave to a non jew (who encourages its violation). Do not think "I will worship idols now and when I am free I will go back to believing in God" On a profound level Rashi sees a unifying theme to this whole chapter. The chapter encourages observing the shimitah laws which encourage abstaining from agriculture once every 7 years so that people can devote themselves to God and study. If one violates these laws he is progressively punished. Here is the sequence of punishments {LIST} {Paragraphs in BEHAR} ------------------------------------------------------- VERSE LAW ------------ ------------------------------------------ Lv25-01:12 Observe the 7 and 50 year Land sabbaticals Lv25-13:24 If not you will have to sell your MOVABLES Lv25-25:28 If not you will have to sell your LAND Lv25-29:34 If not you will have to sell your HOUSE Lv25-35:38 If not you will have to LOAN Lv25-39:46 If not you will have to become a SLAVE Lv25-47:54 If not you'll become a NONJEWISH SLAVE Lv26-01:03 If not you'll be tempted to IDOLATRY --------------------------------------------------------- Thus Rashi does not merely teach juxtaposition of verses but he also teaches juxtaposition of ALL paragraphs in the chapter. *11 Rashi comments ------------------------------------------------------ The verse CLEARLY contrasts HUNTER vs SIMPLE and FIELDS vs TENTS. Thus the SITTING IN TENTS spoken about here is not e.g. the tents of hunters but rather the tents of scholars (or charity givers) ------------------------------------------------------ I have added the explanatory words [or charity givers] to show that Rashi's point is one of CONTRAST not one of IDENTIFICATION. Rashi literally says ------------------------------------- TENTS refers to the tents of Shaym alluded to in the verse Gn09-27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - God will give beauty to Yefeth and Yefeth will dwell in the TENTS OF SHAYM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------------- Presumably these are tents of either scholars or tents of charity givers. Rashi's main point is not the identification of WHOSE tents Jacob dwells in but rather the TYPES of tents that Jacob dwells in-- charity or learning tents vs hunter tents. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||||
List of verses of consecutive paragraphs with same theme | ||||
VERSE | COMMON THEME | 1st Chapter | 2nd Chapter | |
Gn25-23 | Seeking God | She SEEKS God*4 | Person tells her | |
------- | ------------- | -------------- | -------------- | |
Dt14-20 | Caring in KSRTH | Sell to Non Jew | Cook kid &mother | |
Dt14-21 | Caring in KSRTH | Cook kid &mother | Tithe produce*3 | |
------- | ------------- | -------------- | -------------- | |
Lv19-25a | Abstain->incrse | No fruit 4 year | More fruit 5th*2 | |
Lv19-26a | Abstain->incrse | No eat living | more nutrition*2 | |
Gn22-23a | Isaac-Rivkah | Akaydah | Rivkah-born*1 | |
Ex18-01a | Gods miracles | Exodus | Defeat of Amalek | |
Nu13-02a | Slander | Miryam on Moses | Spies on Israel | |
Nu26-64a | Entry to Israel | Census | Girl inheritance | |
Nu27-12a | Entry to Israel | Girl inheritance | Joshua and Moes | |
Nu15-41d | Important Laws | Idolatry | Sabbath | |
Dt33-07a | Repentance | Reuven | Judah | |
Nu08-02a | Temple gifts | Gold vessels | Service | |
Ex17-08a | God cares for us | Water-Manna | Defeat of Amalek | |
Ex21-01a | A Just life | The Altar | Monetary Law | |
Nu20-01b | Atonement | Red Heiffer | Miryam's death | |
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*1 Actual there are 3 paragraphs as follows - Gn22-01:19 Akaydah - Gn22-20:24 Birth of Rivkah - Gn23-01:-- Death of Sarah Rashi points out that the TOPIC SENTENCE of Gn22-20:24 is the birth of Rivkah. Rashi also points out that the 3 paragraphs form a TEMPORAL SEQUENCE For further details see LIST690B *2 The paragraph contains 7 examples illustrating the theme ABSTENTION INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY -------------------- EXAMPLES ---------------------------- -1- Abstain 4 years from new fruit--increase fruit yield -2- Abstain from blood=life source--increase nutrition -3- Abstain from divining -- increase prediction -4- Separate animal/human -- increase animality/human -5- Abstain from early sex-- increase sexual awarenss -6- Abstain from Sabbath work -- incresae productivity -7- Abstain from seancing -- Increase knowledge ---------------------------------------------------------- *3 Actual prohibition is cooking CHILD OF LAMB(or other Kosher animals) in MILK OF MOTHER. Rashis actual language is -------------------------------------------- If you cook kid in milk of mother (violate the sanctity of womb) I will destroy the wheat germ in the womb of the wheat with strong winds -------------------------------------------- Rashi is simply giving poetic expression to the unifying theme of CARING IN KASHRUTH in the chapters. *4 Rashi's point here is that GOD TOLD HER might mean she is a prophet. However IN THE CONTEXT of the paragraph, SHE WENT TO SEEK AND WAS TOLD clearly indicates that the telling was by messenger, the person she asked. What we call the PARAGRAPH method is none other than the RABBI ISHMAEL, CONTEXT method. We interpret the verse based on CONTEXT. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn27-05a
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- One of Rashis 10 main goals was the resolution of contradictions. These contradictions typically arise from two verses stating contradictory things. We call this the RASHI RULE OF CONTRADICTION. Rashi had three methods to resolve contradiction. If the CONTRADICTION could be resolved by viewing the contradictory verses as two aspects of the same item then we employ the the TWO ASPECTS method of resolution. If the CONTRADICTION could be resolved by viewing the contradictory verses as two stages of the same process then we employ the TWO STAGES submethod. Finally if the CONTRADICTION could be resolved by retranslating the verses using broader or more literal meanings then we use the BROAD-LITERAL submethod. Full understanding of this verse requires two Rashi rules. SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- Some Rashi comments deal with FORMATTING. Modern authors FORMAT using such techniques as BULLETS, PARAGRAPHING, BOLD, ITALICS and UNDERLINE. The Biblical Author achieved these effects but thru different means. For example a modern author might hilight distinct items using BULLETS. The Biblical Author hilights distinct items using REPEATING KEYWORDS. We call this the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of KEYWORDS AS BULLETS EXAMPLE: Gn27-05a ---------------- Gn27-05a states ------------------------------------- Isaac said to Esauv bring me hunted venizon Esauv went - TO hunt hunt - TO bring ------------------------------------ Notice the repeated KEYWORD, TO. This repeated KEYWORD, indicates a BULLETING effect. The text in effect states that TWO things were done by Esauv - he went to HUNT food - he went to BRING food We now aply the CONTRADICTION method: - Which is it? - Did Esauv intend to obtain food by HUNTING - or Did he intend to obtain food by BRINGING (either bought food or stolen food). Rashi resolves this CONTRADICTION using the TWO ASPECTS method ------------------------------------------ - Esauv did go to HUNT a HUNT - But hunters dont always get what they want - Hence, if he couldn't get it thru HUNTING he would get it through BUYING or STEALING ------------------------------------------ There is philosophical content to Rashi: Rashi emphasizes that while Esauv did respect his father he did not in general wish to be moral. The important thing was to make father feel comfortable. However you could bend the rules if necessary. LIST120h below gives summarizes the comments we made about the bulleted structure of the verse. LIST510a below gives other examples of CONTRADICTORY verses resolved thru TWO STAGES. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | CONTRADICTION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | 2 ASPECTS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #14 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST510a | |
List of verses with | Contradiction resolved by 2 cases | |
----------------------- | --------------------------------- | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | BULLETS | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | KEYWORDS AS BULLETS | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #26 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST120h | |
BULLETED structure of | Gn27-05a(Esauv went to HUNT/BRING) |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||||
BULLETED structure of Gn27-05a(Esauv went to HUNT/BRING) | |||||
PART OF VERSE | TEXT | BULLET | BULLET TEXT | MEANING | |
Common Stem | Esauv went | ||||
Bullet-1 | TO | HUNT HUNT | Tried to hunt | ||
Bullet-2 | TO | BRING*1 | If not BRING=BUY | ||
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*1 Rashi actually says ---------------------------------------------------------- If he couldnt get it from HUNT he would get it by STEALING ---------------------------------------------------------- Rashi here uses the technique of EXAGGERATION. Actually the word BRING is like the English TAKE-OUT. Esauv, if he couldnt find hunt would BRING the food (Either buy it or possibly steal it). The real point of Rashi is the BULLET contrast - EITHER hunt OR Bring There is also a philosophical point to Rashi Rashi emphasizes that while Esauv did respect his father he did not in general wish to be moral. The important thing was to make father feel comfortable. However you could bend the rules if necessary. |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with Contradiction resolved by 2 cases | |||
VERSE-1 | VERSE-2 | HOW THE TWO TEXTS ARE COMBINED | |
Gn27-05 | Gn27-05 | Esauv went to HUNT food;if not-to buy/steal | |
Gn08-17 | Gn08-17 | LET the animals go out;if they dont EVICT them | |
Dt16-22 | Gn28-18 | 1-stone Altar:OK for Patriarchs;not for us*6 | |
Dt`6-22 | Nu13-30 | The MINORITY repor of the spies was: Land Good | |
Lv19-20 | Lv20-10 | adultery: With free person,death;with maid,no | |
Lv19-13 | Dt24-15 | day worker:Pay by morn;Night labor by sunset | |
Lv13-33 | Lv13-33 | DONT shave[near]leprosy;DO shave rest of head | |
Lv13-40 | Lv13-43 | leprosy on baldness:like SKIN,not HEAD,leprosy | |
Ex09-03 | Ex09-09 | FIELD livestock died;HOUSE livestock had boils | |
Ex09-03 | Ex09-09 | HOUSE livestock who returned outside HAILED | |
Ex09-19 | Ex14-07 | FIELD livestock died;HOUSE animals for Chariot | |
Gn36-02 | Gn36-24 | Daughter of FATHER & GRANDFATHER=illegitim | |
Gn24-08 | Gn24-08 | DONT marry CANAANITE;can marry out of family | |
Gn06-19 | Gn07-02 | Noach took:7 KOSHER animals;2 NON-KOSHER ones | |
Dt12-18 | Nu18-24 | Levites get 1st TITHE;also get GIFTS TO POOR | |
Dt12-30 | Ex22-19 | SPECIFIC idol worship OR general SACS wrong | |
Ex30-19 | Ex40-31 | Tmpl Basin for Priests;Moses was Priest once*5 | |
Ex21-03 | Ex21-04 | Master only gives a slavegirl to a married man | |
Ex12-02 | Ex12-03 | God told Moses on FIRST: Tell Jews on TENTH... | |
Ex01-16 | Ex01-12 | EGYPTIANS hated ALL JEWS;PHARAOH hated MALES*4 | |
Ex02-06 | Ex02-06 | She saw a BABY(in age);a CHILD(in demeanor)*3 | |
Gn18-06 | Gn18-06 | FINE FLOUR for food;COARSE for pot*2 | |
Dt08-02 | Lv26-06 | WHEN OBSERVANT God protects;ELSE not*1 | |
Nu21-21 | Dt02-26 | MOSES sent delegates on behalf of ISRAEL | |
Nu05-08 | Nu05-08 | Stolen goods given to PRIESTS on behalf of GOD | |
Ex20-19 | Ex19-20 | Gods voice in HEAVEN;His FIRE on EARTH | |
Ex40-35 | Ex25-22 | Moses at Entrance; Gods by Crubim | |
Ex28-37 | Ex39-30 | Priest MASK went AROUND and OVER head | |
Ex25-03 | Ex30-12 | TAXES for base;VOLUNTARY for vessels | |
Nu04-05 | Nu04-15 | PRIESTS pack; KEHATHITES carry*10 | |
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*1 See Lv26-03. Thus Lv26-03:06 explicitly states that when we observe, God will remove wild animals. Dt08-02 by contrast, explains that conquest of Israel will happen slowly FOR IF IT HAPPEEND QUICKLY WILD ANIMALS WOULD COME (because the Jews moral nature was not yet perfected and the protection of Lv26-03:06 does not yet apply) *11 *2 COARSE flour was used in cooking to wash the pot sides to clear it from rust producing agents and rotted food particles. *3 I should mention the Brilliant Malbim who points out to a repeated object denoting emphasis ----------------------------------------- She opened it and saw HIM -- a CHILD ----------------------------------------- Thus the child had a certain regality *12 *4 This distinction is explicitly mentioned in Ex01-10 Pharoh was concerned that the Jewish minority would align with an Egyptian enemy. Hence he killed the males. *13 *5 See Lv08-16:21 for Moses acting as a Priest. During this brief period Moses used the Temple Basin. *6 First we note that MONUMENTS (MCBA) were made of 1 stone. Compare the following verses - Gn31-45 Jacob took the STONE and made MONUMENT - Gn28-18 Jacob took the STONE and made Monument Next we note that God found the MONUMENT that Jacob made (and declared to be a house of God), God found this altar pleasing. ----------------------------------------------- - Gn31-13 I am the God of Beth El where you made a monument --[I am with you] Therefore leave this place ----------------------------------------------- Finally we compare the following 4 contradictory verses ------------------------------------------------ Ex20-21:22 You can make altars of EARTH, STONES Dt27-05 Make altar of stones when coming to Israel Dt16-22a Don't make MONUMENT Dt16-22b Don't make MONUMENT, hated by God Gn28-18 Jacob took the stone and made a MONUMENT ------------------------------------------------ In this discussion we treat ALTARS and MONUMENTS the same. The contradictory verses can be resolved as follows - ONE-STONE altars/monuments are - - prohibited to us and hated by God - - permitted to Patriarches and liked by God - MANY STONE altars/Monuments are permitted*14 | |||
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*10 Rashis point is strengthened by the abrupt change of subject ----------------------------------------------- Nu04-04 This is the job of the KEHATHITES Nu04-05 The PRIESTS come and cover the articles ... Nu04-15 ..and AFTERWARDS the KEHATHITES come ----------------------------------------------- If one just reads Nu04-04 and Nu04-05 by themselves it appears as if the PRIESTS mentioned in Nu04-05 refer back to the KEHATHITES mentioned in Nu04-04 *11 Interesting Rashi cites a verse in Job rather than the explicit Lv26-03:06. Rashi also does not explicitly mention that he is using the rule of resolving 2 contradictory cases. But that IS what Rashi does. It seems rather straightforward to introduce Lv26-03:06. Rashi probably expected the reader to know this verse since it comes in the great REBUKE---Rashi complements this verses with complementary verses in Job *12 Rashis actual language is that ------------------------------------ She saw Gods presence with him ------------------------------------ I have tempered this a bit as follows --------------------------- She saw the childs regality --------------------------- I think Rashis point is to explain why she risked her life to save a Jewish child This child was different--he had a certain regality...why not raise him as an Egyptian He would fit in well with the Royal house *13 Rashi actually says ------------------------------------------ Pharohs astrologers said that the Jews have just had a male savior born. Pharoh therefore decreed the death of the male Jews ------------------------------------------ However the REAL driving force of Rashi is the contradictory verses and the resolution from an explicit verse. Rashi avails himself of OTHER VERSES which show that Pharoh always consulted with his astrologers (eg Ex08-12:15). Thus Rashi is simply dressing up the contradiction. The real point of Rashi is the contradiction and the distinction between the people(hated all) and the King. (concerned about security) *14 Rashi does not give a reason why 1-stone altars are prohibited but many-stone are ok. I would suggest that 1-stone altars are so to speak BLEMISHED altars-altars made on the rush. Throughout the offering literature blemished items are considered poor taste. The patriarchs however were busy converting people frequently. Hence,they made altars on the go (one stone altars) and this was liked by God. |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
VERSE: Gn08-17b
RASHIS COVERED: Gn08-17b Gn09-14a Gn09-14b
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | ||
SUCCINCT SUMMARY ---------------- The FORMATTING rule seeks to explain Rashis based on the FORMATTING of the Biblical text. FORMATTING techniques in modern writing include use of bold, italics,underline, bullets, paragraph indentation and similar items. The Bible indicated FORMATTING using its own techniques: For example - the Bible indicates bold,italics, underline thru REPETITION - the Bible indicates bulleting, thru REPEATING keywords The Bible can also indicate FORMATTING thru meaning without any formal structure. EXAMPLE Gn08-17b ---------------- Gn08-17 states ------------------------------------------- All animals--birds, animals, insects Take out of the ark - Let them be fruitful on the LAND - let them multiply on the LAND ------------------------------------------- Rashi comments -------------------------------------- The repeated word ON THE LAND indicates emphasis. They were encouraged to reproduce now on the land but in the ark they were prohibited from cohabitation in the ark --------------------------------------- Here Rashi interprets the word LAND literally and restrictively. EXAMPLE 2: Gn09-14a,b --------------------- Gn09-14 states ----------------------------------------- [I will make a rainbow as a convenant] When I CLOUD A CLOUD(Burst) on land the rainbow will be seen during the storm ----------------------------------------- Rashi comments ---------------------------------------- The REPETITION, CLOUD A CLOUD, indicates a fierce storm--so to speak-- a storm with ONLY CLOUDS with no glimmer of sunlight ---------------------------------------- Here Rashi interprets the REPETITION restrictively and literally. LIST160a below presents other examples where verses are interpreted restrictively because of a REPETITION. | ||
ITEM | DETAIL | |
RASHI RULE CLASS: | REPETITION | |
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS | RESTRICTIVE MEANING | |
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #19 | |
SEE BELOW | LIST160a | |
List of verses with | REPEATED words interpreted restrictvely |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
List of verses with REPEATED words interpreted restrictively | |||
VERSE | TEXT OF VERSE | MEANING OF REPETITION | |
Gn08-17b | multiply ON LAND;fruitful onLAND | On LAND,not on ARK | |
Nu30-03a | vow to PROHIBIT a PROHIBITION | Prohibit NEUTRAL*12 | |
Nu04-04a | The HOLY of HOLIES | Holiest part of temple | |
Ex31-15a | A SABBATH of SABBATHS*1 | Even cooking prohibited | |
Lv13-49a | Y-R-K-R-K (GreenReen) | The GREENEST of GREENS*2 | |
Lv13-49b | A-D-M-D-M (Reded) | The REDEST of REDS*2 | |
Gn09-14a | when I CLOUD A CLOUD on land | Intense Storm(no light) | |
Gn09-14b | when I CLOUD A CLOUD on land | Intense Storm*14 | |
Gn28-11a | He prayed by THE PLACE..PLACE*3 | >THE PLACE<=the Temple | |
Gn37-15a | And a MAN found him..THE MAN.*4 | >THE MAN<=AProphet/Angel | |
-------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------- | |
Nu12-01h | HAD been married HAD been .... | She is now DIVORCED | |
Lv01-08d | wood on fire ON ALTAR ON ALTAR | No wood protruding*5 | |
Lv14-17a | Blood on ear;Oil on ear ON BLOOD | BLOOD must be first*5 | |
Lv21-03a | NonMarried sister-close to brthr | single or engaged*6 | |
Lv21-03b | NonMarried sister-close to brthr | single or engaged*6 | |
Lv22-22f | Dont offer Dont offer..blemished | ANY act of offering*7 | |
Lv21-21b | BLEMISHED BLEMISHED priests... | If still blemished*8 | |
Lv06-20c | Blood on GARMENT,SPRINKLED PART | Only SPRINKLED PART*9 | |
Lv22-13b | STRANGER STRANGER cant eat Trmh | Only stranger*11 | |
Lv22-15b | Sell according to YEARS YEARS*12 | At least 2 yr for sale | |
Lv22-15a | Sell according to YEARS YEARS*12 | At least 2 yr for sale | |
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*1 Ex31-15b further points out that all holidays which are referred to as >SABBATH of SABBATH< (Ex31-15, Lv23-32) have prohibitions of both WORK and EATING. By contrast all holidays which are only called >SABBATH< (Lv23-23 and Lv23-39) only have a prohibition of Work but not a prohibition of COOKING. This is fully discussed at http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h6n12.htm) *2 This is fully discussed in http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n23.htm Ibn Ezra seems to disagree and state that GReenReen means a light green (which would contradict this list). But as I show in that posting, Ibn Ezra retracted what he said in his commentary on Ps45-03. In fact Ibn Ezra simply points out that he was testing the consistency of this rule against all doubled roots. To make a long story short we reviewed all roots & found possible problems with only 2 verses, Ps38-11 and Songs6-1. However we can properly translate these verses Ps38-11 would be translated as >My heart FLUTTERS (intense back and forth motion)<; Similarly Songs6-1 would be translated as >Dont avoid me simply because I am very SUNBURNED (an intense form of DAWN-COLOR) *3 Many of the examples in this list are CONSTRUCTS e.g. The HOLY of HOLIES. Future additions to this list will emphasize examples similar to Lv01-08d *4 So the repeated word MAN must refer to the narrow meaning of the Hebrew ISH which means A DISTINGUISHED man such as an Angel or Judge. *5 In legal terminology the repetition creates ESSENTIALITY - The wood is on the altar; and MUST be on the altar - Blood on ear; oil on ear; and the blood MUST come first *6 In other words the priest can defile himself to a sister who is REALLY NOT MARRIED (not married and still CLOSE to her brother the Priest)--thus the priest can defile himself to a SINGLE and ENGAGED sister but not to a MARRIED sister *7 If you review Lv22-17:25 you will find 3-5 repetitions of the concept that BLEMISHED ANIMALS SHOULD NOT BE OFFERED (or PLACED ON FIRE) TO GOD. Therefore the REPETITION applies to ANY PART OF THE OFFERING PROCEDURE. The main parts of the OFFERING PROCEDURE are - DEDICATION of the animal - SLAUGHTER of animal - RECEIPT of animal blood - OFFERING ON FIRE of organs*10 *8 In other words only is he is REALLY BLEMISHED = STILL BLEMISHED (But if he recovered from the Blemish then the law does not apply and he can offer offerings) *9 The verse states ---------------------------------------------------- If blood falls on a GARMENT, then wash in the temple THAT ON WHICH IT FELL ---------------------------------------------------- The capped words indicate a quasi repetition. This repetition creates emphasis. ONLY the part of the garment on which the blood is sprinkled need be washed. | |||
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*10 An important point about learning Rashi should be emphasized. Many Rashi commentators play NUMBER GAMES - they count FOUR repetitions of DONT OFFER - they then note FOUR applications of emphasis in Rashi (to a) Dedication b) Slaughter c) receipt of blood d) offering However our approach in this list has always been conceptual. The REPETITION denotes EMPHASIS. The EMPHASIS in turn simply includes ALL CASES--ALL PARTS OF THE PROCEDURE. We think this a mature and satisfying approach to Rashi. *11 The whole verselet A STRANGER CANNOT EAT TERUMAH is repeated. The simple way of taking it is that - ONLY strangers are restricted from eating TERUMAH - ALL other PRIESTS (EVEN SUCh AND SUCH) may eat TERUMAH The details of the EVEN SUCH AND SUCH are not necessarily explicitly mentioned and must be guessed at by those knowledgeable of Jewish law. Rashi(Lv22-13b) applies the EVEN SUCH AND SUCH (Lv22-13b) to a Priest whose relative just died and prior to burial. EVEN THOUGH a BEFORE-BURIAL PRIEST MAY NOT EAT SACRIFICIAL ITEMS nevertheless he MAY EAT TERUMAH *12 Note the following repetition -Lv25-15b buy from colleagues by NUMBER YEARS SINCE JUBILEE -Lv25-15b sell -------------- by NUMBER YEARS OF PRODUCE Without the REPETITION I would simply state (as Rashi does) ----------------------------------------------------------- So eg if your field produces an average yield of $1000 a year then in year 0 of the Jubilee it would be worth 50,000 because the buyer would expect $1000 x 50 years=50,000; by contrast in year 40 of the Jubilee it would be worth 10,000 because the buyer only expect $1000 x 10 years=10,000 In other words the VALUE OF THE FIELD = YIELD PER YEAR x NUMBER OF YEARS If however a person sold the field for $50,000 in year 40 he would be overcharging for the field and violating a Biblical law ----------------------------------------------------------- It is important to emphasize that, as Rashi states ---------------------------------------------------- Whatever other meaning we derive (from the repetition), these OTHER MEANINGS, are BESIDES the simple meaning of the text ---------------------------------------------------- Without the REPETITION I would look at the PLURAL WORD YEARS in the verse and simply state --------------------------------------------------- Most sales are for YEARS (vs 1 year). Hence the law is stated using typical examples. However the law applies EQUALLY whether you sold the field for one YEAR or many YEARS. --------------------------------------------------- Here I used the Rashi rule of GENERALIZATION--which requires that verses are seen as stating laws using typical examples. However we dont use the rule of GENERALIZATION when the verse has some limitation. Thus using the Rashi rule of REPETITION we see that - the REPETITION requires EMPHASIS - the EMPHASIS requires RESTRICTIVE meaning I therefore infer that -------------------------------------------------- A sale of land requires a minimum of 2 years. We infer this from the REPEATED word, YEARS which indicates AT LEAST TWO YEARS -------------------------------------------------- To recap: - It would be a mistake to think that Rashi arbitrarily picked on the word YEARS and required all sales to be two years - Indeed in many cases Biblical laws are stated using typical examples and generalized to other cases - However SINCE there is a REPETITION in the verse therefore I am justified and required to interpret the verse literally---a sale must be for at least YEARS (that is 2 years) The above is a peachy example of Rashi...it shows that pickiness and restrictive meaning is only one tool available to the Biblical student--this tool may ONLY be used when required. In this verse it is the repetition that requires it-- without the repetition I would not have come to this conclusion. This is fundamental to understanding Talmudic homiletics *13 You can vow to PROHIBIT a PROHIBITION on something NEUTRAL but you cannot vow to prohibit an OBLIGATION (Such as a vow to abstain from the Passover offering which you are obligated to eat) *14 Gn09-14b and Gn09-14a are really one Rashi. But this email list is based on the Davka edition of Rashi, version 3.0.6. Since there are two boldface words on Gn09-14 we count them as two Rashis. Note there is a slight problem with - interpreting CLOUD A CLOUD=storm without light - and the verse statement--RAINBOW will be seen So Rashi adds as follows ----------------------------------------------- When God PLANS to bring a fierce storm He will see the rainbow and not go all the way ----------------------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10 | |||
# | LIST | BRIEF SUMMARY OF RASHI EMPHASIZING USE OF RASHI RULES | |
1 | 210x | ISAAC:No go to Egypt cause of Famine like Father,Abe did-Gn12-10 | |
19 | 160a | HUNT a HUNT=Hunt REAL Hunt--HUNT from Wild--not theft/buy | |
11 | 309i | THEY named Esauv; HE named Jacob.HE=Isaac Prophetically saw. | |
9 | 061b | ESAUV:Hunt/Fields::Jacob:Simple/Tents. TENTS=charity/learning | |
9 | 060a | She sought God [from prophet]; God [thru prophet] told her | |
14 | 510a | to HUNT vs to BRING FOOD=Takeout=Buy;if not hunt he would buy | |
26 | 120h | TO hunt; TO bring. Either HUNT or if not they BUY(bring=takeout) | |
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*10 The explanation of the list should be clear - The first column gives the NUMBER of the RASHI RULE used All Rashi rules may be found with examples at http://wwww.Rashiyomi.com/workbook.htm - The second column gives the LIST ID (eg LIST210z) which contains many examples of a particular Rashi technique and includes the example presented in the third column - The third column gives a lightning summary of the Rashi with particular emphasis on the Rashi rule used. All lists may be found at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/lists.htm |
(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-04 | |||
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VERSE | RULE | BRIEF DESCRIPTION | |
======== | =============== | ===================================== | |
Gn26-02a | OTHER VERSES | Isaac no go to Egypt LIKE FATHER ABE | |
Gn27-03c | REPETITION | HUNT HUNT=Real hunt from wilds | |
Gn25-26b | ALIGNMENT | THEY named Esauv; HE named Jacob | |
Gn25-23a | GRAMMARR | HUNT/FIELDS vs SIMPLE/TENTS=charity | |
Gn25-27e | GRAMMARR | HUNT/FIELDS vs SIMPLE/TENTS=charity | |
Gn27-05a | BULLET | TO hunt; TO bring=takeout if not hunt | |
--------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2005, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#