SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main methods is the explanation of meaning
the same way a dictionary explains meaning. We call this
the WORD MEANING method.

----------------------------------------------
Rashi had 10 vehicles to explain meaning. The SYNONYM
submethod takes words with known meanings and shows the
similarity and nuances in each term.
----------------------------------------------

EXAMPLE 1: Lv16-16b
-------------------
Verse Lv16-16 states
----------------------------------------------
And [the Yom Kippur service] will atone on
the Temple and on REBELLIOUS-ERROR sins...
----------------------------------------------

The Rashi comment is already indicated in the
CAPPED WORDS
---------------------------------------------
-- Pay-Shin-Ayin means REBELLIOUS SIN
-- Cheth-Tet-Aleph means SIN THRU ERROR
---------------------------------------------

LIST955y presents other Rashis commenting on SYNONYMS

List of                  Synonym pairs
LIST955y continues LIST955z
LIST955z continues LIST955a

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi will very often take a verse whose
meaning is ALREADY understood and ADD a consequence
to the verse. We call this the SPREADSHEET
method since SPREADSHEETS are very often
used to derive consequences of otherwise
understood data.  We also classify Rashis
as using the SPREADSHEET method when Rashi
gives COMPUTATIONAL or GEOMETRIC diagrams
to clarify the meaning of the verse.

EXAMPLE 1: Lv16-24d
--------------------
Lv16-23:24d states (in discussion of the Yom Kippur service)
---------------------------------------------------------
And Aaron shall come into the TEMPLE,
and shall take off the the linen garments,
which he put on when he went into the holy place,
and shall leave them there;
And he shall wash his flesh with water in the holy place,
and put on his garments, and COME OUT,
and offer his UP OFFERING,
and the burnt offering of the people,
and make an atonement for himself,
and for the people.
---------------------------------------------------------

Rashi's task on these verses is to give a DIAGRAM
that clarifies the verse. Here is a diagram of the Temple
--------------------------------------------------------

TEMPLE COURTYARD

As can be seen. The Priest
- was INSIDE the Temple offering incense on the Gold Altar
- He was INSIDE the Temple and changed Priestly Garments
- He then WENT OUT to the
- COPPER ALTAR in the TEMPLE COURTYARD
- Where he offered the UP OFFERING

Note: Rashi's sole goal was to explain the GEOMETRIC term
-----------------------------------------------
The priest WENT OUT and offered the up Offering
-----------------------------------------------

LIST690z below presents other Rashis using the SPREADSHEET
principle.

List of Rashis using     Spreadsheets/Algebra

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
The FORMATTING rule seeks to explain Rashis based on
the FORMATTING of the Biblical text. FORMATTING techniques
in modern writing include use of bold, italics,underline,
bullets, paragraph indentation and similar items. The Bible
indicated FORMATTING using its own techniques: For example
- the Bible indicates bold,italics, underline thru REPETITION
- the Bible indicates bulleting, thru REPEATING keywords
The Bible can also indicate FORMATTING thru meaning without
any formal structure.

EXAMPLE Lv16-12c
----------------
Note the REPETITION of the CAPPED WORD, FINE
in the following verses
- Ex30-34:36 states
------------------------------------------------
And the Lord said to Moses, Take to you sweet
spices, storax, and onycha, and galbanum;
these sweet spices with pure frankincense;
of each shall there be a like weight; And you
shall make it a perfume, a confection according
to the art of the apothecary, mixed together, pure and holy;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
AND YOU SHALL BEAT IT FINE
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
and put of it before the Testimony in the
Tent of Meeting, where I will meet with you;
it shall be to you most holy.
-----------------------------------------------

-Lv16-12 states
----------------------------------------------
And he shall take a censer full of burning coals
of fire from the altar before the Lord,
and his hands full of FINE sweet incense,
and bring it inside the veil;
----------------------------------------------

Hence the Rashi (paraphrased):
----------------------------------------------
The word FINE is repeated indicating unspecified
emphasis similar to a modern underline or italics.
This teaches that the Yom Kippur incense was EXTRA FINE
----------------------------------------------

Note: That the Bible uses both CONSECUTIVE
and DISTANT REPETITION to indicate emphasis. In the
above example we have DISTANT REPETITION.

LIST160z below presents other examples where verses are
interpreted restrictively because of a REPETITION.

List of verses with      REPEATED words interpreted restrictively
LIST160z continues LIST160a

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is to describe STYLE. We have
introduced the idea that The GENERAL-DETAIL style is a
PARAGRAPH style; the GENERAL THEME is stated at the
beginning and then it is DEVELOPED with DETAILS. According
to the Rabbi Ishmael STYLE rules, the GENERAL THEME
meaning is EXHAUSTED and COMPLETELY EXPLAINED by the
DETAILS presented.

EXAMPLE Lv18-14a
-----------------
Lv18-14 has the following GENERAL-DETAIL format
---------------------------------------------
- GENERAL: No incest with your Father's Brother
- DETAIL: No incest with his wife
---------------------------------------------

Rashi simply clarifies that the two clauses
form one idea The Torah for example is not
- prohibiting homosexual relationship with Father's brother
- and also prohibiting incest with father's brother's wife
Rather the Torah is prohibiting incest with the
father's brother's wife (even after the death of the
father's brother or divorce.)

I would further conjecture that
the GENERAL-DETAIL form leads
to the following further interpretations
---------------------------------------------------
(GENERAL) Of all female relatives of your father's brother
(DETAIL) only his wife is Biblically prohibited.
---------------------------------------------------

Without the GENERAL-DETAIL form I would generalize and
assume all close female relatives of the Father's brother
are Biblically prohibited (e.g. the Father's brother's
half sister who is not a sister of the Father).

Therefore the GENERAL-DETAIL form is used emphasizing
that only the FATHER's BROTHER's wife is prohibited.

LIST490k below summarizes this argument

GENERAL-DETAIL form of Lv18-14a (Incest UNCLE--His WIFE)

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from the ALIGNMENT,
that is, the word by word comparison, of almost identical
verses.The minor variations between these almost similar
verses suggests nuances and differences or even meaning. We
call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT

-When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call
this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES

-When Rashi infers nuances from the variations between the
almost similar verses (or verse phrases) we call this the
Rashi subrule of NUANCES.

-When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost
identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING.

EXAMPLE Lv16-24b
----------------
Note the differences in the following ALIGNED verses
----------------------------------------------------
- Lv16-04  Immerse in water
- Lv16-24b Immerse in water in holy place
- Differs  *1      *2       *3
----------------------------------------------------
So we see that
- the immersion of Lv16-24b most be in a Temple immersion pool
- while the immersion of Lv16-04 is in any immersion pool

Rashi does give further details. For example Rashi gives
the location of the Temple immersion pool in the Temple.
Rashi also discusses the other immersions performed on
the Day of Atonement. These details are important. However
the focus of this newsletter is on the Rashi rules used to
make inferences. Hence we suffice with pointing out the
alignment and its immediate consequence.

LIST343p summarizes this ALIGNMENT

LIST OF                  Verses requiring Immersion on Yom Kippur

SUCCINCT SUMMARY:
-----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major goals is the explanation of GRAMMAR
the same way modern textbooks explain GRAMMAR. There are three
major GRAMMAR submethods:

(a) The goal of the ROOT submethod is to explain all
conjugations and meanings of Biblical roots.
Biblical roots are conjugated with letter prefixes and suffixes
to indicate (i) tense (ii) person (iii) gender (iv) plurality
(v) mode (vi) object (to whom the activity is done) and (vii)
mood. Each of these conjugations has a specific meaning.
Furthermore, these conjugations take on different forms for
roots with weak letters.

(b) The SENTENCE submethod deals with grammatical attributes
of sentences such as (i) word arrangement (Verb Subject vs
Subject Verb) (ii) sentence type  (interrogative, command)
(iii) compound sentences (iv) apposition and (v)
paragraph / sentence development.

(c) The MISCELLANEOUS grammatical methods deal with
(i) agreement (in gender and plurality), (ii) the construct
(iii) pronoun reference (iv) ellipsis (v) noun-verb transforms
(e.g. to dust) (vi) special word usage(e.g. how to use
numbers) (vii) suffix-prefixes (e.g. terminal HEY means
towards).

EXAMPLE 1: Lv17-05a
-------------------
In Grammar school we learn about 3 tenses: PAST, PRESENT
and FUTURE. Actually there are about a dozen tenses.
We show below three uses of the Present tense--they
differ in whether the action
- occurs once or many times
- actually happened.

-----------------------------------------------------
- SIMPLE PRESENT:
---------------
I AM EATING AN APPLE indicates ACTUAL EATING, ONCE

- HABITUAL PRESENT
----------------
I GO TO THE 5th AVENUE SYNAGOGUE indicates
REPEATED ACTUAL GOINGS, that USUALLY TAKE PLACE
(I am not claiming I go every Shabbath)

- INFORAMTION PRESENT
-----------
TO GET TO THE CITY I TAKE A CAB indicates
INFORMATION--there is no indication that I ever
did or will take a cab
-----------------------------------------------------

Hence Rashi translates Lv17-05 which contains
a present conjugation as follows
--------------------------------------------
The purpose [of the temporary Wilderness ordinance
that requires people who wish to eat meat to
offer a peace offering in which they partake] is
so that the people of Israel may bring their sacrifices,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
which they USUALLY offer in the open fields
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
to the Lord, to the door of the Tent of Meeting,
to the priest, and offer them for peace
offerings to the Lord.
----------------------------------------------

In this example Rashi interpreted the PRESENT
CONJUGATION as meaning the HABITUAL PRESENT.
Rashi in turn explains the HABITUAL PRESENT
as indicating FREQUENTLY RECURRING ACTIVITY
(but it need not always happen)

In other words Rashi interprets the verse
to indicate a community pattern (offering
on the open field) which had to be remedied
by bringing offerings to God (This problem however
was not something that everyone did all the time)

LIST703i below contains several tenses with
indications of conjugation in Hebrew and English

List of Rashis using     the 14 Tenses

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10