SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Some Rashi comments deal with FORMATTING.
Modern authors FORMAT using such techniques as
BULLETS, PARAGRAPHING, BOLD, ITALICS and UNDERLINE.
The Biblical Author achieved these effects but thru
different means.

For example a modern author might hilight distinct
items using BULLETS. The Biblical Author hilights
distinct items using REPEATING KEYWORDS.

We call this the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi
subrule of KEYWORDS AS BULLETS

Rashi could also infer from the general PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
(without any keywords). We call this the the Rashi rule of
FORMATTING with the Rashi subrule of PARAGRAPHS.

A powerful formatting subrule is the painting of a verse in a
CLIMACTIC DEVELOPMENT manner. We call this the RASHI SUBRULE of
CLIMAX. It is important to emphasize the relevance of the
CLIMAX rule---Rashi is NOT deriving meaning from individual
words but rather Rashi is deriving meaning from the CLIMACTIC
structure which implies meaning by CONTEXT. This difference
of derivation---meanting from PARAGARPH CONTEXT vs. meaning
from INDIVIDUAL WORD MEANINGS is fundamental to understanding
CLIMAX.

EXAMPLE Nu09-21:22
-------------------
A classical example of meaning inference
from CLIMAX occurs in Nu09-21:22
---------------------------------------------
And so it was, when the cloud abode
from evening to the morning, and the cloud was taken up in the morning,
then they journeyed;
- whether it was by day or by night that
the cloud was taken up, they journeyed.
- Or whether it was two days,
- or a month,
- or DAYS,[Rashi: DAYS means a YEAR]
that the cloud stayed upon the tabernacle,
remaining on it, the people of Israel abode
in their tents, and journeyed not;
but when it was taken up, they journeyed.
----------------------------------------------

The Rashi comment "DAYS means a YEAR" is not because
in other verses the word DAYS can mean YEARS; rather
the Rashi comment "DAYS means a YEAR" is derived
from the CLIMACTIC structure
- day or night
- 2 days
- month
- DAYS.

This example clearly shows that CLIMAX is an independent
method of inferring meaning.

EXAMPLE Nu06-24:26
------------------
Nu06-24:26 presents the Priestly blessing.
When FORMATTED in CLIMACTIC order this blessing
indicates specific meaning to the individual phrases
------------------------------------------------
- The Lord BLESS you, and
- WATCH you;
- The Lord make his face SHINE upon you, and
- be GRACIOUS to you;
- The Lord lift up HIS COUNTENANCE upon you,
- and give you PEACE.
-------------------------------------------------

The capped words, BLESS, WATCH, SHINE all have
similar meanings. However the CLIMACTIC structure
suggests specific nuances. Rashi comments as follows
------------------------------------------------
- The Lord BLESS you, and  [Rashi: Blessings of Assets]
- WATCH you; [Rashi: 1st Assets-2nd protection from theft]
- The Lord make his face SHINE upon you, and
[Rashi:Assets,protection,happiness]
- be GRACIOUS to you; [Rashi: Social acceptability]
- The Lord lift up HIS FACE upon you,
[Rashi: Religious acceptability]
- and give you PEACE. [No Rashi:Peace is the ultimate climax]
-------------------------------------------------

In certain cases we have rephrased Rashi's literal comments
to indicate the CLIMAX. For example Rashi interprets
Graciously to mean "God will give you grace" and we have
reinterpreted this to mean "Social grace."  This
reinterpretation is consistent with the meaning of
the word and with the paragraph structure.

LIST451g summarizes this CLIMAX.

Climactic structure of   Nu06-24:26:Bless-Protect-Happy..Peace

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Rashi frequently makes powerful inferences from
- the ALIGNMENT,
- that is, the word by word comparison,
of almost identical  verses.The minor variations
between these almost similar  verses suggests nuances
and differences or even meaning. We
call this the Rashi rule of ALIGNMENT

-When Rashi identifies two cases from the ALIGNMENT we call
this the Rashi subrule of TWO CASES

-When Rashi infers nuances from the variations between the
almost similar verses (or verse phrases) we call this the
Rashi subrule of NUANCES.

-When Rashi infers MEANING from the ALIGNMENT of almost
identical phrases we call this the Rashi SUBRULE of MEANING.

EXAMPLE 1: Nu05-15e
-------------------
First by way of background, recall that all
nouns in Hebrew, unlike English, have gender:
A noun can either be masculine or feminine.
ALIGNING Nu05-15e with Nu05-18 shows
different genders in the same noun-phrase!
The ALIGNMENT clarifies why these same phrases
have different genders.

The text of the two verses is as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------
Nu05-15. he shall bring her offering for her,
the tenth part of an ephah of barley meal;
he shall pour no oil upon it,
nor put frankincense on it;
for IT IS A JEALOUSY OFFERING,
an offering of memorial, bringing iniquity to remembrance

Nu05-18. And the priest shall set the
woman before the Lord, and loosen the
hair of the woman’s head, and put the
offering of memorial in her hands--
IT IS A JEALOUSY OFFERING--and the priest shall
have in his hand the bitter water that causes the curse;
----------------------------------------------------------

The crucial phrases in the two verses are as follows
----------------------------------------------------------
he'll bring.... barley..         it(m) is a offering of jealousy,
place the offering in her hands, it(g) is a offering of jealousy
-----------------------------------------------------------------

Rashi is remarkably simple
---------------------------------------------------------
- BARLEY is MASCULINE
- OFFERING is FEMININE
Hence the first sentence whose subject is barley uses a
masculine gender while the 2nd sentence whose subject is
offering uses a feminine gender.
---------------------------------------------------------

LIST314L below summarizes this argument.

Alignment of verses with discussion of the JEALOUSY offering

SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
A powerful but simple Rashi method is the CITATION or CROSS-
REFERENCING of an OTHER VERSE for the purpose of adding
FURTHER DETAILS to a verse we are studying. We call this
the OTHER VERSE method. There are three submethods to the
OTHER VERSE method.

If the verse actually CITES or refers to an OTHER VERSE we
call this the SUBMETHOD of CITATION.

If the OTHER VERSE explains the meaning of
some term in the first verse we call this the SUBMETHOD
of MEANING.

If the first verse does not cite an other verse and if
no meaning is explained then we call this the SUBMETHOD
of FURTHER DETAILS since the 2nd verse either confirms
the first verse or typically adds FURTHER DETAILS to
the first verse

EXAMPLE 1: Nu04-15c
-------------------
Verse Nu04-15c states
----------------------------------------------
And when Aaron and his sons have finished
covering the sanctuary, and all the utensils
of the sanctuary, as the camp is to set forward;
after that, the sons of Kohath shall come to
carry it; but they shall not touch any holy thing,
LEST THEY DIE. These things are the burden of
the sons of Kohath in the Tent of Meeting.
----------------------------------------------

Rashi clarifies the capped phrase
----------------------------------
LEST THEY DIE
----------------------------------

by citing an OTHER VERSE which gives
further details. Nu18-01:03 states
-------------------------------------------------
And the Lord said to Aaron, You and your
sons and your father’s house with you
shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary;
and you and your sons with you shall
bear the iniquity of your priesthood.
And your brothers also of the tribe of Levi,
the tribe of your father, bring with you,
that they may be joined to you, and
minister to you; but you and your sons
with you shall minister before the
Tent of Testimony. And they shall keep your
charge, and the charge of all the Tent;
only they shall not come near the utensils
of the sanctuary and the altar, that NEITHER
THEY NOR YOU ALSO DIE
--------------------------------------------------

LIST210w presents other examples of verse pairs
with one verse illuminating an other verse

List of verses pairs     with one verse illuminating another
LIST210w CONTINUES LIST210a LIST210z LIST210y LIST210x

Lighting summary of Rashis with emphasis on Rashi rules*10